Risk factors associated with respiratory infectious disease-related presenteeism: a rapid review

ABSTRACTBackgroundWorkplace transmission is a significant contributor to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks. Previous studies have found that infectious illness presenteeism could contribute to outbreaks in occupational settings and identified multiple occupational and organizational risk factors. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to investigate presenteeism particularly in relation to respiratory infectious disease (RID). Hence, this rapid review aims to determine the prevalence of RID-related presenteeism, including COVID-19, and examines the reported reasons and associated risk factors.MethodsThe review followed a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) search approach and focused on studies published in English and Chinese. Database searches included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) and preprint databases MedRxiv and BioRxiv.ResultsThe search yielded 54 studies, of which four investigated COVID-19-related presenteeism. Prevalence of work presenteeism ranged from 14.1% to 55% for confirmed RID, and 6.6% to 100% for those working with suspected or subclinical RID. The included studies demonstrated that RID-related presenteeism is associated with occupation, sick pay policy, age, gender, health behaviour and perception, vaccination and organisational factors including workplace culture and peer pressure.ConclusionsThis review demonstrates that presenteeism or non-adherence to isolation guidance is a real concern and can contribute to workplace transmissions and outbreaks. Policies which would support workers financially and improve productivity, should include a range of effective non-pharmaceutical inventions such as workplace testing, promoting occupational health services, reviewing pay and bonus schemes and clear messaging to encourage workers to stay at home when ill. Future research should focus on the more vulnerable and precarious occupational groups, and their inter-relationships, to develop comprehensive intervention programs to reduce RID-related presenteeism.

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Low-calorie sweeteners and human health: a rapid review of systematic reviews

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1093/nutrit/nuaa123 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lesley Andrade ◽

Kirsten M Lee ◽

Allison C Sylvetsky ◽

Sharon I Kirkpatrick

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Low Calorie Sweetener

Abstract Introduction Low-calorie sweeteners are increasingly prevalent in the food supply and their consumption has increased in recent decades. Although low-calorie sweeteners approved for use are considered safe from a toxicological perspective, their short- and long-term impacts on chronic disease risk remain uncertain. The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence from systematic reviews on low-calorie sweetener use and chronic conditions and risk factors in children and adults. Methods MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify systematic reviews of randomized and nonrandomized studies that considered low-calorie sweeteners in relation to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, anthropometric measures, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and dental caries. Data were extracted from 9 reviews deemed of moderate or high quality on the basis of AMSTAR-2. Results Narrative synthesis suggested inconsistent evidence on low-calorie sweetener use in relation to chronic conditions and associated risk factors, with nonrandomized studies suggesting positive associations and randomized studies suggesting negative or no associations. Conclusion Continued research on the long-term health impacts of low-calorie sweeteners across all life stages is warranted.

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Risk factors associated with severe outcomes of COVID-19: An updated rapid review to inform national guidance on vaccine prioritization in Canada

10.1101/2021.04.23.21256014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Gates ◽

Jennifer Pillay ◽

Aireen Wingert ◽

Samantha Guitard ◽

Sholeh Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Future Research ◽

Adult Males ◽

Online Databases ◽

National Guidance ◽

Increase Risk ◽

End Stage

Background: To inform vaccine prioritization guidance by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), we reviewed evidence on the magnitude of association between risk factors and severe outcomes of COVID-19. Methods: We updated our existing review by searching online databases and websites for cohort studies providing multivariate adjusted associations. One author screened studies and extracted data. Two authors estimated the magnitude of association between exposures and outcomes as little-to-no (odds, risk, or hazard ratio <2.0, or >0.50 for reduction), large (2.0-3.9, or 0.50-0.26 for reduction), or very large (>=4.0, or <=0.25 for reduction), and rated the evidence certainty using GRADE. Results: Of 7,819 unique records we included 111 reports. There is probably (moderate certainty) at least a large increase in mortality from COVID-19 among people aged 60-69 vs. <60 years (11 studies, n=517,217), with 2+ vs. no comorbidities (4 studies, n=189,608), and for people with (vs. without): Down syndrome (1 study, n>8 million), type 1 and 2 diabetes (1 study, n>8 million), end-stage kidney disease (1 study, n>8 million), epilepsy (1 study, n>8 million), motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, or Huntingtons disease (as a grouping; 1 study, n>8 million). The magnitude of association with mortality is probably very large for Down syndrome and may (low certainty) be very large for age 60-69 years, and diabetes. There is probably little-to-no increase in severe outcomes with several cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, and for adult males vs. females. Interpretation: Future research should focus on risk factors where evidence is low quality (e.g., social factors) or non-existent (e.g., rare conditions), the pediatric population, combinations of comorbidities that may increase risk, and long-term outcomes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO #CRD42021230185.

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The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Post-Partum Haemorrhage in Africa: A systematic review.

10.21203/rs.2.19608/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Prince Leornad Bestman ◽

Xiongfeng Pan ◽

Jiayou Luo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽

Post Partum ◽

Future Research ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Post Partum Haemorrhage ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Postpartum Haemorrhage is the loss of blood that is 500 ml or greater than 500ml following a vaginal delivery or blood loss that is more than or equivalent to 1000 ml post-caesarean section. Post-partum Haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality, and to our knowledge, there is less evidence of a systematic review being published on the prevalence and associated risk factors of PPH in Africa. Additionally, findings from previous studies about the prevalence and risk factors of PPH in Africa are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of PPH in Africa, so as to provide scientific evidence base findings that might be used to ensure maternal safety. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the prevalence and risk factors of Postpartum haemorrhage in Africa. Four electronic databases were searched for published observational and cross-sectional studies that reported on the prevalence and risk factors of PPH in Africa. Simple manual arithmetic calculation and descriptive critical reasoning were used to analyse pooled data on PPH prevalence and its associated risk factors in Africa. Results: A total of 2005 publications were retrieved from our search, out of which 162 articles were selected for full-text review. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. All the included studies reported relatively different prevalence rates of PPH in Africa, ranging from 1.13% in Nigeria to 23.63% in Cameroon. This Review found the overall prevalence rate of PPH in Africa to be 3.51%. Nearly all the studies provided similar associated risk factors of PPH in Africa, but these risk factors vary relatively in the magnitude of association from one country to another. Notwithstanding, this review found: spontaneous vaginal delivery, older maternal age, and multiparty to be associated with increased risk of PPH in Africa. Conclusion: We found that the PPH prevalence rate is lower than 4% in Africa and that its risk factors vary relatively in the strength of association from one geographical region to another. We suggest that future research focus on PPH prevention and control to ensure maternal and child safety.

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Suicide risk assessment: searching for true positive

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2015-5015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 221-223

Author(s):

Evan Podolak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adult ◽

High Risk ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Suicide is a major public health problem and the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. Due to low base rates and the numerous comorbid risk factors associated with suicide, accurate prediction is difficult. This is particularly true for adolescents and young adults. In this article, some associated risk factors are discussed in the context of two high-risk populations (young adult prison inmates and young adult veterans) and several recommendations are made for conducting suicide risk assesments. General prescriptions for intervention are also outlined with the goal of reducing overly defensive practice and increasing the likelihood that high-risk individuals will receive effective intervention. Finally, several suggestions for future research are made.

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MO844COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS IN SWITZERLAND

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab098.0036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Winzeler ◽

Patrice Max Ambühl

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Dialysis Patient ◽

European Countries ◽

The Novel ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

First Case ◽

Male Sex ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background and Aims COVID-19 is an infectious disease that can result from infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The disease, was first described in Wuhan at the end of 2019 and the first case in Switzerland was discovered in February 2020. This analysis gives an overview of dialysis patients in Switzerland that were tested COVID-19 positive. Method All dialysis centers reported their cases with COVID-19 to the Swiss dialysis registry srrqap. All patients reported to the registry between March 5 (1st dialysis patient with COVID-19) and June 30, 2020 were included in this analysis and comparisons were made with COVID-19-free dialysis patients (from 2019). Results On March 5, 2020, the first dialysis patient was infected with COVID-19 in Ticino. The number of infected dialysis patients increased rapidly over the months of March and April, with the majority of patients in the cantons of Vaud (23.5%), Ticino (22.3%) and Geneva (18.8%) and together making up almost 65% of the COVID-19-infected dialysis patients in Switzerland. COVID-19 cases represented 2.4% of all prevalent patients on dialysis (as of 31.12.2019). Twenty-seven (12 female, 15 male) out of 93 dialysis patients died, which corresponds to a mortality rate of 29%. Mortality was highest in patients from Switzerland (together with the Netherlands), and lowest in Romania with 8.5% (K. Jager and A. Kramer, submitted for publication, 2020). Mortality was associated with advanced age in dialysis patients. In contrast to the general population, male sex, diabetes and hypertension were no major risk factors for mortality in our cohort. Conclusion Although dialysis patients from Switzerland in general have a better survival compared to those from other European countries, infection with COVID-19 in Switzerland results in the highest mortality compared to other European countries in this population. In addition, male sex, diabetes and hypertension seem not to be associated risk factors in our dialysis population.

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Patients discharged from medium secure forensic psychiatry services: reconvictions and risk factors

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.105.018788 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 190 (3) ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Jeremy Coid ◽

Nicole Hickey ◽

Nadji Kahtan ◽

Tianqiang Zhang ◽

Min Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Forensic Psychiatry ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Future Research ◽

Central Register ◽

Discharged Patients ◽

Case Files ◽

Patient Stay ◽

Associated Risk Factors

BackgroundTreatment within medium secure forensic psychiatry services is expected to reduce risk to the public.AimsTo measure the period prevalence and incidence of offending following discharge and identify associated risk factors.MethodFollow-up of patients from 7 of 14 regional services in England and Wales who spent time at risk (n=1344) for a mean of 6.2 years. Outcome was obtained from offenders index, hospital case-files and the central register of deaths.ResultsOne in 8 men and 1 in 16 women were convicted of grave offences. Incidence rates indicated low density and most patients were not subsequently convicted. Offence predictors included gender, younger age, early-onset offending, previous convictions and a comorbid or primary diagnosis of personality disorder. Longer in-patient stay and restriction on discharge were protective.ConclusionsRisks of reoffending remain for a subgroup of discharged patients. Future research should aim to improve their identification and risk management following discharge.

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Race Differences in Patterns of Risky Behavior and Associated Risk Factors in Adolescence

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology ◽

10.1177/0306624x15599401 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (7) ◽

pp. 773-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kristina K. Childs ◽

James V. Ray

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risky Behavior ◽

Latent Class ◽

Add Health ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Future Research ◽

Latent Classes ◽

Peer Association ◽

Using Data ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study expands on previous research by (a) examining differences across race in patterns or “subgroups” of adolescents based on nine self-reported behaviors (e.g., delinquency, substance use, risky sexual practices) and (b) comparing the risk factors (e.g., peer association, parenting, neighborhood cohesion), both within and across the race-specific subgroups, related to membership into the identified latent classes. The data used in this study include respondents aged 13 to 17 who participated in Waves 1 and 2 of the Add Health in-home interview. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified key differences in the number and characteristics of the latent classes across the racial subgroups. In addition, both similarities and differences in the risk factors for membership into the latent classes were identified across and within the race-specific subgroups. Implications for understanding risky behavior in adolescence, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.

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Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 60-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Amanda Venta ◽

Carla Sharp

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Critical Role ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

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Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000231 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 242-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Éva Kállay

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Expressive Writing ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Health Problems ◽

Future Research ◽

Psychological Benefits ◽

Cost Effective Treatment ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

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