scholarly journals Use of U.S. Blood Donors for National Serosurveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Basis for an Expanded National Donor Serosurveillance Program.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mars Stone ◽  
Clara Di Germanio ◽  
David J. Wright ◽  
Hasan Sulaeman ◽  
Honey Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
General Population ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Epidemic Response ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: The REDS-IV-P Epidemiology, Surveillance and Preparedness of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic (RESPONSE) seroprevalence study conducted monthly cross-sectional testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on blood donors in six U.S. metropolitan regions to estimate the extent of SARS-COV-2 infections over time. Study Design/Methods During March-August 2020, approximately ≥1,000 serum specimens were collected monthly from each region and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a well-validated algorithm. Regional seroprevalence estimates were weighted based on demographic differences with the general population. Seroprevalence was compared with reported COVID-19 case rates over time. Results/Findings: For all regions, seroprevalence was <1.0% in March 2020. New York experienced the biggest increase (peak seroprevalence, 15.8 % in May). All other regions experienced modest increases in seroprevalence(1-2% in May-June to 2-4% in July-August). Seroprevalence was higher in younger, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic donors. Temporal increases in donor seroprevalence correlated with reported case rates in each region. In August, 1.3-5.6 estimated cumulative infections (based on seroprevalence data) per COVID-19 case reported to CDC. Conclusion: Increases in seroprevalence were found in all regions, with the largest increase in New York. Seroprevalence was higher in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic blood donors than in non-Hispanic White blood donors. SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing of blood donor samples can be used to estimate the seroprevalence in the general population by region and demographic group. The methods derived from the RESPONSE seroprevalence study served as the basis for expanding SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveillance to all 50 states and Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals Seroconversion of a city: Longitudinal monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in New York City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stadlbauer ◽  
Jessica Tan ◽  
Kaijun Jiang ◽  
Matthew M. Hernandez ◽  
Shelcie Fabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
General Population ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Mount Sinai Hospital ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractBy conducting a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a ‘sentinel group’ (enriched for SARS-CoV-2 infections) and a ‘screening group’ (representative of the general population) using >5,000 plasma samples from patients at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City (NYC), we identified seropositive samples as early as in the week ending February 23, 2020. A stark increase in seropositivity in the sentinel group started the week ending March 22 and in the screening group in the week ending March 29. By the week ending April 19, the seroprevalence in the screening group reached 19.3%, which is well below the estimated 67% needed to achieve community immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These data potentially suggest an earlier than previously documented introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into the NYC metropolitan area.One Sentence SummarySeroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in cross-sectional samples from New York City rose from 0% to 19.3% from early February to mid-April.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Blood Donors from Nuevo Leon State, Mexico, during 2020: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Evaluation

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Natalia Martinez-Acuña ◽  
Diana Minerva Avalos-Nolazco ◽  
Diana Raquel Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽  
Cynthia Gabriela Martinez-Liu ◽  
Kame Alberto Galan-Huerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nuevo Leon ◽  
Nuevo León ◽  
Asymptomatic Case ◽  
Abbott Architect ◽  
Over Time

The progression and distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are continuously changing over time and can be traced by blood donors’ serological survey. Here, we investigated the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood donors in Nuevo Leon, Mexico during 2020 as a strategy for the rapid evaluation of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and asymptomatic case detection. We collected residual plasma samples from blood donors who attended two regional donation centers from January to December of 2020 to identify changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG prevalence. Plasma samples were analyzed on the Abbott Architect instrument using the commercial Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescent assay. We found a total of 99 reactive samples from 2068 analyzed plasma samples, resulting in a raw prevalence of 4.87%. Donors aged 18–49 years were more likely to be seropositive compared to those aged >50 years (p < 0.001). Weekly seroprevalence increased from 1.8% during the early pandemic stage to 27.59% by the end of the year. Prevalence was 1.46-fold higher in females compared to males. Case geographical mapping showed that Monterrey city recorded the majority of SARS-CoV-2 cases. These results show that there is a growing trend of seroprevalence over time associated with asymptomatic infection that is unnoticed under the current epidemiological surveillance protocols.

scholarly journals Prevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers at a tertiary care New York hospital during the Spring COVID-19 surge

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian R. Talbot ◽  
Jamie L. Romeiser ◽  
Eric D. Spitzer ◽  
Tong J. Gan ◽  
Sunitha M. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New York ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
New York State ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Care Workers

Abstract Background Health care workers (HCW) such as anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensivists face high rates of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through direct contact with COVID-19 patients. While there are initial reports of the prevalence of COVID-19 antibodies among the general population, there are few reports comparing the seroprevalence of IgM/IgG COVID-19 antibodies in HCW of different exposure levels as well as different HCW professions. Methods A convenience sample of health care workers provided blood for COVID-19 antibody testing and a review of medical history and work exposure for correlative analyses. Results Overall, 474 HCW were enrolled in April 2020 including 102 front-line physicians (e.g., anesthesiologists, surgeons, intensivists, emergency medicine), 91 other physicians, 135 nurses, 134 other clinical staff, and 12 non-clinical HCW. The prevalence of IgM or IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was 16.9% (95% CI 13.6–20.6) (80/474). The proportion of positive antibodies in the PCR + group was significantly higher than health care workers without symptoms (84.6% [95% CI 54.6–98.1] vs. 12.3% [95% CI 8.5–17.2], p < 0.001). No significant differences in proportions of COVID-19 antibodies were observed among the different exposure groups (e.g., high vs minimal/no exposure) and among the different HCW professionals. Conclusions Despite exposure to COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of antibodies in our HCW was similar to what has been reported for the general population of New York State (14%) and for another New York HCW cohort (13.7%). Health care workers with higher exposure rates were not more likely to have been infected with COVID-19. Therefore, these data suggest that infection of HCW may result from exposure in the community rather than at work. Trial registration This investigator-initiated study was observational; therefore, no registration was required. Not applicable.

Democratic Dividends: Stockholding, Wealth, and Politics in New York, 1791–1826

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC HILT ◽  
JACQUELINE VALENTINE
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
General Population ◽  
York City ◽  
The State ◽  
Share Ownership ◽  
Over Time

Using newly collected data, this article compares the wealth and status of New York City households who owned corporate stock to the general population both in 1791, when there were only two corporations in the state, and in 1826, when there were hundreds. The results indicate that although corporate stock was held principally by the city's elite merchants in both periods, share ownership became more widespread over time among less affluent households. In particular, later corporations were owned and managed by investors who were less wealthy than the stockholders of corporations created in earlier, less democratic periods.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology among Employees of New York City Health and Hospitals during the First Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D Bryan ◽  
Kathleen Tatem ◽  
Jillian Diuguid-Gerber ◽  
Caroline Cooke ◽  
Anya Romanoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Factors

Objective: Estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among New York City Health + Hospitals healthcare workers, and identify demographic and occupational factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study using data from SARS-CoV-2 serological tests accompanied by a demographic and occupational survey administered to healthcare workers. Participants were employed by New York City Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H) and either completed serologic testing at NYC H+H between April 30 and June 30, 2020, or completed SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing outside of NYC H+H and were able to self-report results. Results: Seven hundred twenty-seven survey respondents were included in analysis. Participants had a mean age of 46 years (SD= 12.19) and 543 (75%) were women. Two hundred fourteen (29%) participants tested positive or reported testing positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG+). Characteristics associated with positive SARS-CoV-2 serostatus were Black race (25% IgG+ vs. 15% IgG-, p=0.001), having someone in the household with COVID symptoms (49% IgG+ vs. 21% IgG-, p<0.001), or having a confirmed COVID-19 case in the household (25% IgG+ vs 5% IgG-, p<0.001). Characteristics associated with negative SARS-CoV-2 serostatus included working on a COVID patient floor (27% IgG+ vs. 36% IgG-, p=0.02), working in the ICU (20% IgG+ vs. 28% IgG-, p=0.03), or having close contact with a patient with COVID-19 (51% IgG+ vs. 62% IgG-, p=0.03). Conclusions: Results underscore the significance of community factors and inequities might have on SARS-CoV-2 exposure for healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Estimating the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the infection fatality ratio in light of waning antibodies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoko Shioda ◽  
Max SY Lau ◽  
Alicia NM Kraay ◽  
Kristin N Nelson ◽  
Aaron J Siegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

AbstractBackgroundSerology tests can identify previous infections and facilitate estimation of the number of total infections. However, immunoglobulins targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported to wane below the detectable level of serological assays. We estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection from serology studies, accounting for expected levels of antibody acquisition (seroconversion) and waning (seroreversion), and apply this framework using data from New York City (NYC) and Connecticut.MethodsWe estimated time from seroconversion to seroreversion and infection fatality ratio (IFR) using mortality data from March-October 2020 and population-level cross-sectional seroprevalence data from April-August 2020 in NYC and Connecticut. We then estimated the daily seroprevalence and cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.FindingsThe estimated average time from seroconversion to seroreversion was 3-4 months. The estimated IFR was 1.1% (95% credible interval: 1.0-1.2%) in NYC and 1.4% (1.1-1.7%) in Connecticut. The estimated daily seroprevalence declined after a peak in the spring. The estimated cumulative incidence reached 26.8% (24.2-29.7%) and 8.8% (7.1-11.3%) at the end of September in NYC and Connecticut, higher than maximum seroprevalence measures (22.1% and 6.1%), respectively.InterpretationThe cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is underestimated using cross-sectional serology data without adjustment for waning antibodies. Our approach can help quantify the magnitude of underestimation and adjust estimates for waning antibodies.FundingThis study was supported by the US National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Florida Department of Health in Palm Beach County Obstetric Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Study during the First Pandemic Surge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles O. Gonik ◽  
Alina M. Alonso ◽  
Bernard Gonik
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Palm Beach County ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Obstetric Population

Objective Estimating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence is an important part of the public health approach to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) understanding and containment. This is particularly relevant to an obstetric population because of implications in the management of the pregnant host, care of the newborn, and disease progression within the community. Study Design A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was performed in four Department of Health Palm Beach County clinics from June 29, 2020, to August 5, 2020. Samples were collected from asymptomatic antepartum and postpartum participants. A web-based surveillance system was used to identify subsequent antibody or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing encounters. Results A total of 163 of 618 subjects were seropositive (26.4%). Racial makeup was white 2.5%, black 19.0%, and Hispanic 78.5%. Positive serology was seen in 16.0, 35.6, and 30.1% of first, second, and third trimesters, respectively; 18.4% were positive postpartum. Only four patients voluntarily reported PCR positivity prior to antibody testing. Six home zip codes accounted for the majority (68.1%) of positive results. Thirty-two patients had repeat serology (65.6% positive and 34.4% negative). Of the 163 subjects, 65 underwent later PCR testing with 92% negative for SAR-CoV-2. Conclusion Almost one in four subjects had serologic evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. These very high seroprevalence rates have not been previously reported and highlight the concern for health disparities in the United States. Most were asymptomatic and without a history for SARS-CoV-2 exposure. There was a loss of seropositivity in a significant number of subjects, raising concern for risk of reinfection, inadequate transplacental antibody transfer, and subsequent limited passive protection to the newborn. These seroprevalence data will also allow for better newborn follow-up of unanticipated consequences of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. Key Points

scholarly journals Measles and rubella seroprevalence in a population of young adult blood donors, France 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Antona ◽  
P. Morel ◽  
C. Jacquot ◽  
L. Fonteneau ◽  
J. Dina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
True Number ◽  
Seroprevalence Data

AbstractAs part of the evaluation of the French plan for the elimination of measles and rubella, we conducted a seroprevalence survey in 2013, aimed at updating seroprevalence data for people 18–32 years old. A secondary objective was to estimate measles incidence in this population during the 2009–2011 outbreak, and thus estimate the exhaustiveness of measles mandatory reporting. We used a cross-sectional survey design, targeting blood donors 18–32 years old, living in France since 2009, who came to give blood in a blood collecting site. We included 4647 people in metropolitan France, 806 people in Réunion Island and 496 in the French Caribbean. A further 3942 individuals were interviewed in the south-east region of metropolitan France to estimate the exhaustiveness of measles mandatory reporting. One of the main findings of this survey is that the proportion of people 18–32 years old susceptible to both measles and rubella infections remained high in France in 2013, 9.2% and 5.4%, respectively, in metropolitan France, even after the promotion campaigns about vaccination catch-up during and following the major measles epidemic in 2009–2011. Applying our results to French census data would suggest that around 1 million people aged 18–32 years old are currently susceptible to measles in France, despite this age group being one of the vaccination targets of the national measles elimination plan. Another important finding is that only an estimated 45% of the true number of cases in this age group was actually notified, despite notification being mandatory.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of implementing public bicycle share programs on cycling: the International Bikeshare Impacts on Cycling and Collisions Study (IBICCS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Hosford ◽  
Meghan Winters ◽  
Lise Gauvin ◽  
Andi Camden ◽  
Anne-Sophie Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Triple Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Despite rapid expansion of public bicycle share programs (PBSP), there are limited evaluations of the population-level impacts of these programs on cycling, leaving uncertainty as to whether these programs lead to net health gains at a population level or attract those that already cycle and are sufficiently physically active. Our objective was to determine whether the implementation of PBSPs increased population-level cycling in cities across the US and Canada. Methods We conducted repeat cross-sectional surveys with 23,901 residents in cities with newly implemented PBSPs (Chicago, New York), existing PBSPs (Boston, Montreal, Toronto) and no PBSPs (Detroit, Philadelphia, Vancouver) at three time points (Fall 2012, 2013, 2014). We used a triple difference in differences analysis to assess whether there were increases in cycling over time amongst those living in closer proximity (< 500 m) to bicycle share docking stations in cities with newly implemented and existing PBSPs, relative to those in cities with no PBSPs. Results Living in closer proximity to bicycle share predicted increases in cycling over time for those living in cities with newly implemented PBSPs at 2-year follow-up. No change was seen over time for those living in closer proximity to bicycle share in cities with existing PBSPs relative to those in cities with no PBSP. Conclusion These findings indicate that PBSPs are associated with increases in population-level cycling for those who live near to a docking station in the second year of program implementation.

scholarly journals National cross-sectional survey of 1.14 million NHS staff SARS-CoV-2 serology tests: a comparison of NHS staff with regional community seroconversion rates

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049703
Author(s):  
Cordelia E M Coltart ◽  
David Wells ◽  
Esther Sutherland ◽  
Aidan Fowler
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Testing Programme

ObjectivesAn initial report of findings from 1.14 million SARS CoV-2 serology tests in National Health Service (NHS) staff to compare NHS staff seroconversion with community seroconversion rates at a regional level.DesignA national cross-sectional survey.SettingA SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing programme offered across all NHS Trusts.Participants1.14 million NHS staff.InterventionSARS-CoV-2 antibody testing.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSARS-CoV-2 antibody testing was used to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in NHS staff by region, compared with community seroprevalence as determined by the COVID-19 Infection Survey (Office for National Statistics). We also explored seroprevalence trends by regional COVID-19 activity, using regional death rates as a proxy for COVID-19 ‘activity’.Results1 146 310 tests were undertaken on NHS staff between 26 May and 31 August 2020. 186 897 NHS tests were positive giving a seroconversion rate of 16.3% (95% CI 16.2% to 16.4%), in contrast to the national community seroconversion rate of 5.9% (95% CI 5.3% to 6.6%). There was significant geographical regional variation, which mirrored the trends seen in community prevalence rates. NHS staff were infected at a higher rate than the general population (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.8 to 3.5). NHS seroconversion by regional death rate suggested a trend towards higher seroconversion rates in the areas with higher COVID-19 ‘activity’.ConclusionsThis is the first cross-sectional survey assessing the risk of COVID-19 disease in healthcare workers at a national level. It is the largest study of its kind. It suggests that NHS staff have a significantly higher rate of COVID-19 seroconversion compared with the general population in England, with regional variation across the country which matches the background population prevalence trends. There was also a trend towards higher seroconversion rates in areas which had experienced high COVID-19 clinical activity. This work has global significance in terms of the value of such a testing programme and contributing to the understanding of healthcare worker seroconversion at a national level.

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