scholarly journals Preserved metacognition despite impaired perception of intentionality cues in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Muthesius ◽  
Farina Grothey ◽  
Carter Cunningham ◽  
Susanne Hoelzer ◽  
Kai Vogeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Bayesian Statistics ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Insight Into

Social cognition and metacognition are frequently impaired in schizophrenia, and these impairments complicate recovery. Recent work suggests that different aspects of metacognition may not be impaired to the same degree. Furthermore, metacognition and the cognitive capacity being monitored need not be similarly impaired. Here, we assessed performance in detecting cues of intentional behaviour as well as metacognition about detecting those cues in schizophrenia. Thirty patients and controls categorized animations of moving dots into those displaying a dyadic interaction demonstrating a chase or no chase and indicated their confidence in these judgments. Perception and metacognition were assessed using signal detection theoretic measures, which were analysed using frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Patients showed a deficit compared to controls in detecting intentionality cues, but showed preserved metacognitive performance into this task. Our study reveals a selective deficit in the perception of intentionality cues, but preserved metacognitive insight into the validity of this perception. It thus appears that impairment of metacognition in schizophrenia varies across cognitive domains - metacognition should not be considered a monolithic stone that is either impaired or unimpaired.

Longitudinal Consistency of the Relationship Between Depression Symptoms and Cognitive Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Mood Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Point

AbstractBackground: Lifetime prevalence rates of cognitive dysfunction and depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) have typically been reported to be ∼50%. However, an inconsistent relationship between these two common features of MS has been reported in the literature. Because neurovegetative depression symptoms overlap with MS symptoms, it may be that literature inconsistencies can partly be explained by the fact that only those depression symptom clusters unambiguously reflective of depression are associated with cognitive dysfunction.Objective: To explore the relationship between different depression symptom clusters and a battery of tests measuring cognitive domains commonly impaired in MS and was examined at two time points 3 years apart.Methods: The Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory was employed to measure mood, negative evaluative, and neurovegetative symptom clusters in 53 MS patients who were also administered a battery of neuropsychological tests.Results: At time point 1, Mood and Evaluative Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory scales were significantly associated with tasks of complex speeded attention, planning, and working memory. At time point 2, the Evaluative scale was still significantly associated with these domains, in addition to spatial memory; however, all of the significant correlations with the Mood scale dropped out.Conclusion: These results show that negative evaluative depression symptoms are most consistently predictive of cognitive dysfunction in MS. It may be that negative evaluative depression symptoms use up available cognitive capacity, thus compromising performance on cognitive capacity demanding tasks in MS patients.

scholarly journals Are There Gender Differences in Social Cognition in First-Episode Psychosis?

Women ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Marina Verdaguer-Rodríguez ◽  
Raquel López-Carrilero ◽  
Marta Ferrer-Quintero ◽  
Helena García-Mieres ◽  
Luciana Díaz-Cutraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Social

The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in social cognition in a sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP). An observational descriptive study was performed with 191 individuals with FEP. Emotion perception was assessed using the Faces Test, theory of mind was assessed using the Hinting Task, and attributional style was assessed using the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire. No gender differences were found in any of the social cognitive domains. Our results suggest that men and women with FEP achieve similar performances in social cognition. Therefore, targeting specific needs in social cognition regarding gender may not be required in early interventions for psychosis.

scholarly journals Cognitive Capacity Genomewide Polygenic Scores Identify Individuals Resilient to Cognitive Decline in Aging 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonjung Yoonie Joo ◽  
Jiook Cha ◽  
Jeremy Freese ◽  
M Geoffrey Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Abstract The genetic underpinnings of cognitive resilience in aging remains unknown. Predicting an individual’s rate of cognitive decline—or cognitive resilience—using genetics will allow personalized intervention for cognitive enhancement and optimal selection of target samples in clinical trials. Here, using genome-wide polygenic scores(GPS) as the genomic indicators for variations of human intelligence, we examined the genetic liability of cognitive abilities in the behavioral/cognitive phenome to understand individual differences in cognitive capacity over time. Using the longitudinal sociogenomic data of 8,509 European-ancestry adults between the ages of mid-60s to 70s, we found that a higher cognitive GPS significantly correlated with a slower cognitive decline specifically in memory recall, but not in other cognitive domains. Linear mixed models with cognitive GPSs explained proportions of the variances in cognitive tests up to 60.4%. This study presents the novel genetic protective effects of cognitive ability on the decline of memory recall in aging population.

Assessment of cognitive impairment with the cognitive assessment interview (CAI) was useful for identifying poor psychosocial functioning outcome in patients with psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S106-S107
Author(s):  
A. Sánchez-Torres ◽  
M.R. Elosúa ◽  
R. Lorente-Omeñaca ◽  
L. Moreno-Izco ◽  
V. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Assessment Interview ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionCognitive impairments clearly impact the daily functioning of patients with psychosis.ObjectivesTo assess cross-sectionally whether there are differences in the cognitive domains assessed with the CAI, for considering the real-world functioning of a sample of patients with psychosis.MethodsThe sample consisted of 76 patients with a DSM-IV psychotic disorder. Patients were assessed with the cognitive assessment interview (CAI), which is an interview-based measure of cognitive functioning that is intermediate between cognitive functioning and daily functioning, and three subscales of the specific levels of functioning (SLOF), an informant-rated measure of functioning. The CAI was used to assess the patient and an informant, and these scores were integrated into a rater composite score. We divided the sample by a median-split procedure for each of the three functional domains, and then applied ANOVAs to compare the two groups (impaired/not impaired) in the six cognitive domains of the CAI: working memory, attention, verbal memory, problem solving, processing speed, and social cognition.ResultsWe found significant differences between the impaired vs. non-impaired groups in most of the cognitive domains assessed with the CAI (Fig. 1).ConclusionsInterview-based assessment of cognition with the CAI allows for the prediction of everyday functioning in patients with psychosis. Impairment in almost all CAI cognitive domains, except for social cognition, was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The cognitive profile of behavioural variant FTD and its similarities with ALS: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Beeldman ◽  
Joost Raaphorst ◽  
Michelle Klein Twennaar ◽  
Rosanne Govaarts ◽  
Yolande A L Pijnenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Visual Comparison

Approximately 30% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have cognitive impairment and 8%–14% fulfil the criteria for behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD). The cognitive profiles of ALS and bv-FTD have been reported to be comparable, but this has never been systematically investigated. We aimed to determine the cognitive profile of bv-FTD and examine its similarities with that of ALS, to provide evidence for the existence of a cognitive disease continuum encompassing bv-FTD and ALS. We therefore systematically reviewed neuropsychological studies on bv-FTD patients and healthy volunteers. Neuropsychological tests were divided in 10 cognitive domains and effect sizes were calculated for all domains and compared with the cognitive profile of ALS by means of a visual comparison and a Pearson’s r correlation coefficient. We included 120 studies, totalling 2425 bv-FTD patients and 2798 healthy controls. All cognitive domains showed substantial effect sizes, indicating cognitive impairment in bv-FTD patients compared to healthy controls. The cognitive domains with the largest effect sizes were social cognition, verbal memory and fluency (1.77–1.53). The cognitive profiles of bv-FTD and ALS (10 cognitive domains, 1287 patients) showed similarities on visual comparison and a moderate correlation 0.58 (p=0.13). When social cognition, verbal memory, fluency, executive functions, language and visuoperception were considered, i.e. the cognitive profile of ALS, Pearson’s r was 0.73 (p=0.09), which raised to 0.92 (p=0.03), when language was excluded in this systematic analysis of patients with a non-language subtype of FTD. The cognitive profile of bv-FTD consists of deficits in social cognition, verbal memory, fluency and executive functions and shows similarities with the cognitive profile of ALS. These findings support a cognitive continuum encompassing ALS and bv-FTD.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON THE COMPLEX RELATION BETWEEN RETIREMENT AND COGNITION: UNRAVELING THE MIXED EVIDENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S25-S25
Author(s):  
Linn Elena Zulka ◽  
Isabelle Hansson ◽  
Linda B Hassing
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Outcomes Study ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract A systematic review from 2017 revealed a great research gap concerning the question if retirement affects cognitive function. Since then, several longitudinal studies have been published, calling for an updated review. The aim of this review is to provide an update with a focus on different retirement operationalization, different cognitive outcomes, and potential mediators like occupational experiences. Twenty peer-reviewed studies with longitudinal designs were included. The results revealed no clear pattern regarding the association between retirement and the cognitive outcomes. Study results varied in relation to factors like occupational experiences, differences in study quality, and cognitive domains. To get an insight into mechanisms behind the relation between retirement and cognitive functioning, more complex study designs are needed that take into account the impact of pre-retirement factors, different retirement related aspects, and the varying effects depending on cognitive domain.

When and How Implicit First Impressions Can Be Updated

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Ferguson ◽  
Thomas C. Mann ◽  
Jeremy Cone ◽  
Xi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Social World ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Real People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Human perceivers continually react to the social world implicitly —that is, spontaneously and rapidly. Earlier research suggested that implicit impressions of other people are slower to change than self-reported impressions in the face of contradictory evidence, often leaving them miscalibrated from what one learns to be true. Recent work, however, has identified conditions under which implicit impressions can be rapidly updated. Here, we review three lines of work showing that implicit impressions are responsive to information that is highly diagnostic, believable, or reframes earlier experience. These findings complement ongoing research on mechanisms of changing implicit impressions in a wider variety of groups, from real people to robots, and provide support for theoretical frameworks that embrace greater unity in the factors that can impact implicit and explicit social cognition.

scholarly journals Development of Functional Connectivity during Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study Using an Action–Observation Paradigm

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3713-3724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Shaw ◽  
Marie-Helene Grosbras ◽  
Gabriel Leonard ◽  
G. Bruce Pike ◽  
Tomáš Paus
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

Successful interpersonal interactions rely on an ability to read the emotional states of others and to modulate one's own behavior in response. The actions of others serve as valuable social stimuli in this respect, offering the observer an insight into the actor's emotional state. Social cognition continues to mature throughout adolescence. Here we assess longitudinally the development of functional connectivity during early adolescence within two neural networks implicated in social cognition: one network of brain regions consistently engaged during action observation and another one associated with mentalizing. Using fMRI, we reveal a greater recruitment of the social–emotional network during the observation of angry hand actions in male relative to female adolescents. These findings are discussed in terms of known sex differences in adolescent social behavior.

scholarly journals Notes on Nycteribiidae, with Descriptions of Two New Genera

Parasitology ◽  
1917 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Scott
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

This paper is written primarily with the intention of publishing descriptions of two new genera of Nycteribiidae, together with some notes relating to certain already known forms of that family. But it also includes an account of some recent work (not my own), which for the first time gives us a detailed insight into the habits of these bizarre creatures. This latter side of the subject will be considered first.

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