scholarly journals Single-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a prospective cohort of COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit J. van Gils ◽  
Hugo D.G. Willegen ◽  
Elke Wynberg ◽  
Alvin X. Han ◽  
Karlijn van der Straten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers

Background The urgent need for, but limited availability of, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines worldwide has led to widespread consideration of dose sparing strategies, particularly single vaccine dosing of individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses following a single-dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine in 155 previously SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals participating in a population-based prospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients. Participants varied widely in age, comorbidities, COVID-19 severity and time since infection, ranging from 1 to 15 months. Serum antibody titers were determined at time of vaccination and one week after vaccination. Responses were compared to those in SARS-CoV-2-naive health care workers after two BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine doses. Results Within one week of vaccination, IgG antibody levels to virus spike and RBD proteins increased 27 to 29-fold and neutralizing antibody titers increased 12-fold, exceeding titers of fully vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naive controls (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.56 to 0.67 v. control 95% CrI: -0.16 to -0.02). Pre-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers had the largest positive mean effect size on titers following vaccination (95% CrI (0.16 to 0.45)). COVID-19 severity, the presence of comorbidities and the time interval between infection and vaccination had no discernible impact on vaccine response. Conclusion A single dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine up to 15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection provides neutralizing titers exceeding two vaccine doses in previously uninfected individuals. These findings support wide implementation of a single-dose mRNA vaccine strategy after prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BACTERIAL AND VIRAL COPROANTIBODIES IN BREAST-FED INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Jean F. Kenny ◽  
Mary I. Boesman ◽  
Richard H. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Immune Globulins ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Breast Fed

Stools of newborn breast-fed infants may contain significant amounts of hemagglutinating antibody to enteropathogenic E. coli and neutralizing antibody to polioviruses. Stool titers averaged only fourfold lower than maternal milk titers for antibacterial and less than twofold lower for antiviral activity. Similar ratios of stool:milk activity were also found for paired specimens obtained during the second and third postpartum months. The stool antibodies were stable at 56°C and exhibited definite specificity. Bacterial hemagglutinins in feces were more sensitive to mercaptoethanol than the poliovirus neutralizing activity. Stools from breast-fed infants contained gamma-1 globulins similar to those in milk, including IgA and small amounts of IgM. Meconium from bottle-fed infants with high serum antibody titers to polioviruses contained traces of homotypic neutralizing antibody. Antiviral and antibacterial activity were not detected in transitional and later stools from artificially fed infants, nor were human immune globulins. Milk bacterial hemagglutinating antibodies were more resistant to acid and to pepsin than those in serum. Furthermore, acid had a less deleterious effect on virus neutralizing activity in milk than it had on that in serum, and it also had less effect on the milk antiviral than on the milk antibacterial antibodies.

scholarly journals Long-term persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-specific and neutralizing antibodies in recovered COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jira Chansaenroj ◽  
Ritthideach Yorsaeng ◽  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
Chintana Chirathaworn ◽  
Natthinee Sudhinaraset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Immunological Study ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Schedule

Abstract Understanding antibody responses after natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can guide the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine schedule. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including anti-spike protein 1 (S1) immunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing antibody against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of patients who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Between March and May 2020, 531 individuals with virologically confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in our immunological study. The neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 95.2%, 86.7%, 85.0%, and 85.4% of recovered COVID-19 patients at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after symptom onset, respectively. The seropositivity rate of anti-S1 IgG, anti-RBD total Ig, anti-S1 IgA, and neutralizing titers remained at 68.6%, 89.6%, 77.1%, and 85.4%, respectively, at 12 months after symptom onset. The half-life of neutralizing titers was estimated at 100.7 days (95% confidence interval = 44.5 – 327.4 days, R2 = 0.106). These results support that the decline in serum antibody levels over time depends on the symptom severity, and the individuals with high IgG antibody titers experienced a significantly longer persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses than those with lower titers.

Comparison of Injected and Oral Polio Vaccine for Booster Immunization During the 1979 Polio Outbreak in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-379
Author(s):  
Robert G. Doe ◽  
Bruce Kleger ◽  
John L. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Lancaster County ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Better Than

AbstractDuring a 1979 outbreak of poliomyelitis in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, we investigated the neccessity for and the response to booster vaccination of hospital personnel. The immune response of hospital employees who received booster injections of Salk vaccine (n=38) was compared with that of residents in the surrounding community who received Sabin trivalent OPV boosters (n=43). Serum neutralizing antibody titers to the three polio serotypes were measured before and after booster immunization. Results indicated that 38% of the subjects in both groups had low initial antibody titers. Salk vaccine was in all circumstances as effective or better than Sabin vaccine in increasing neutralizing IgG antibody titers [Infect Control 1981; 2(5):377-379.]

scholarly journals A single immunization with spike-functionalized ferritin vaccines elicits neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail E. Powell ◽  
Kaiming Zhang ◽  
Mrinmoy Sanyal ◽  
Shaogeng Tang ◽  
Payton A. Weidenbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Amino Acid Deletion ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Antibody Titers

AbstractDevelopment of a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a public health priority. We designed subunit vaccine candidates using self-assembling ferritin nanoparticles displaying one of two multimerized SARS-CoV-2 spikes: full-length ectodomain (S-Fer) or a C-terminal 70 amino-acid deletion (SΔC-Fer). Ferritin is an attractive nanoparticle platform for production of vaccines and ferritin-based vaccines have been investigated in humans in two separate clinical trials. We confirmed proper folding and antigenicity of spike on the surface of ferritin by cryo-EM and binding to conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies. After a single immunization of mice with either of the two spike ferritin particles, a lentiviral SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus assay revealed mean neutralizing antibody titers at least 2-fold greater than those in convalescent plasma from COVID-19 patients. Additionally, a single dose of SΔC-Fer elicited significantly higher neutralizing responses as compared to immunization with the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) monomer or spike ectodomain trimer alone. After a second dose, mice immunized with SΔC-Fer exhibited higher neutralizing titers than all other groups. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multivalent presentation of SARS-CoV-2 spike on ferritin can notably enhance elicitation of neutralizing antibodies, thus constituting a viable strategy for single-dose vaccination against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Correlation between Lethal Toxin-Neutralizing Antibody Titers and Protection from Intranasal Challenge with Bacillus anthracis Ames Strain Spores in Mice after Transcutaneous Immunization with Recombinant Anthrax Protective Antigen

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 794-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina K. Peachman ◽  
Mangala Rao ◽  
Carl R. Alving ◽  
Robert Burge ◽  
Stephen H. Leppla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Lethal Toxin ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Transcutaneous Immunization ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Anthrax Protective Antigen ◽  
Ames Strain ◽  
Recombinant Protective Antigen

ABSTRACT Transcutaneous immunization of mice with recombinant protective antigen (rPA) of Bacillus anthracis resulted in significantly higher lethal toxin-neutralizing antibody titers than did intramuscular injection of alum-adsorbed rPA. Immunized mice were partially protected against intranasal challenge with 235,000 (10 50% lethal doses) Ames strain B. anthracis spores. A highly significant correlation was observed between toxin-neutralizing antibody titer and survival after challenge. Future experiments with rabbits and nonhuman primates should confirm the significance of protection by this vaccine strategy.

scholarly journals Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 by hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to serum antibody responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedvig Glans ◽  
Sara Gredmark-Russ ◽  
Mikaela Olausson ◽  
Sara Falck-Jones ◽  
Renata Varnaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic. The understanding of the transmission and the duration of viral shedding in SARS-CoV-2 infection is still limited. Objectives To assess the timeframe and potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to antibody response. Method We performed a cross-sectional study of 36 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Karolinska University Hospital. Patients with more than 8 days of symptom duration were sampled from airways, for PCR analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and in vitro culture of replicating virus. Serum SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies titers were assessed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and microneutralization assay. Results SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in airway samples in 23 patients (symptom duration median 15 days, range 9–53 days), whereas 13 patients were SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative (symptom duration median 21 days, range 10–37 days). Replicating virus was detected in samples from 4 patients at 9–16 days. All but two patients had detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG in serum, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were detected in 33 out of 36 patients. Total SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titers and neutralizing antibody titers were positively correlated. High levels of both total IgG and neutralizing antibody titers were observed in patients sampled later after symptom onset and in patients where replicating virus could not be detected. Conclusions Our data suggest that the presence of SARS-Cov-2 specific antibodies in serum may indicate a lower risk of shedding infectious SARS-CoV-2 by hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Machine learning-based single cell and integrative analysis reveals that baseline mDC predisposition predicts protective Hepatitis B vaccine response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Aevermann ◽  
Casey P. Shannon ◽  
Mark Novotny ◽  
Rym Ben-Othman ◽  
Bing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractVaccination to prevent infectious disease is one of the most successful public health interventions ever developed. And yet, variability in individual vaccine effectiveness suggests a better mechanistic understanding of vaccine-induced immune responses could improve vaccine design and efficacy. We have previously shown that protective antibody levels could be elicited in a subset of recipients with only a single dose of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. Why some, but not all, recipients responded in this way was not clear. Using single cell RNA sequencing of sorted innate immune cell subsets, we identified two distinct myeloid dendritic cell subsets (NDRG1-expressing mDC2 and CDKN1C-expressing mDC4), the ratio of which at baseline (pre-vaccination) predicted immune response to a single dose of HBV vaccine. Our results suggest that the participants in our vaccine study were in one of two different dendritic cell dispositional states at baseline – an NDRG2-mDC2 state in which the vaccine elicited an antibody response after a single immunization or a CDKN1C-mDC4 state in which the vaccine required two or three doses for induction of antibody responses. Genes expressed in these mDC subsets were used as an approach for feature selection prior to the construction of a predictive model using supervised canonical correlation machine learning. The resulting model showed an improved ability to predict serum antibody titers in response to vaccination. Taken together, these results suggest that the propensity of circulating dendritic cells toward either activation or suppression, their “dispositional endotype”, could dictate response to vaccination. The fact that these mDCs could be modulated via TLR stimulation could guide progress towards design of effective single dose vaccination strategies.

scholarly journals Humoral response to the BBIBP-CorV vaccine over time in healthcare workers with or without exposure to SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Noel Badano ◽  
Florencia Sabbione ◽  
Irene Keitelman ◽  
Matias Pereson ◽  
Natalia Aloisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSARS-CoV-2-specific humoral response was analyzed over time in a group of healthcare workers with or without exposure to SARS-CoV-2, who underwent vaccination with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine in Argentina.Seroconversion rates in unexposed subjects after the first and second doses were 40% and 100%, respectively, showing a significant increase in antibody concentrations from dose 1 to dose 2 (p<0.0001).The highest antibody concentrations were found in younger subjects and women, remaining significantly associated in a multivariable linear regression model (p=0.005).A single dose of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine induced a strong antibody response in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2infection, while a second dose did not increase this response. A sharp increase in antibody concentrations was observed following SARS-CoV-2 infection in those participants who became infected after the first and second doses (p=0.008).Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 exposure prior to vaccination showed significantly higher anti-spike IgG antibody levels, at all-time points, than those not exposed (p<0.001). Higher antibody titers were induced by a single dose in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals than those induced in naïve subjects by two doses of the vaccine (p<0.0001). Three months after the second dose both groups showed a decline in antibody levels, being more abrupt in unexposed subjects.Overall, our results showed a trend towards lower antibody concentrations over time following BBIBP-CorV vaccination. Sex and age seem to influence the magnitude of the humoral response in unexposed subjects while the combination of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 plus vaccination, whatever the sequence of the events was, produced a sharp increase in antibody levels.Evaluation of the humoral responses over time and the analysis of the induction and persistence of memory B and T cell responses, are needed to assess long-term immune protection induced by BBIBP-CorV vaccine.

Comparison of Covid-19 IgG Anti-Spike Antibody Titer after Vaccination with Sputnik V in Seropositive and Naïve Vaccinees

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hajra Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has shown to reduce the risk of having a severe infection and initiate a good degree of disease protection. Studies assessing the antibody titer after vaccination can be very helpful to see whether previously infected individuals have better immunological response as compared to uninfected or antibody naïve individuals. Aims & Objectives: Comparison of Anti-spike IgG antibody among vaccinees with or without previous exposure to COVID-19. To determine whether single dose regimen can produce significant antibody titer amongst previously infected cases and design vaccine dosage regimens accordingly. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Chughtai Institute of Pathology from April 2021 to June 2021. Material & Methods: Blood samples were collected from 83 adult male and female vaccinees at baseline, 3 weeks after the first dose and finally 7 days after the second dose. Previously infected individuals’ record was noted separately. Samples were immediately analyzed using Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II quant two step immunoassay. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Majority of the candidates (57 %) were females and on analysis it was found that 42% of the patients were seropositive whereas 58% of the patients were antibody naïve before receiving the first dose of vaccine. There was a significant difference between mean antibody titer of seropositive and seronegative study participants at day 0, day 21 and finally on day 28 (p value <0.001) with seropositive individuals having higher antibody titers even after first vaccine shot. Conclusion: Post vaccination immunological response was higher in seropositive individuals as compared to the antibody naïve and this finding can help the policy makers to design a single dose vaccine regimen for the former category.

scholarly journals Twelve-month specific IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain among COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors in Wuhan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesheng Li ◽  
Ding Yu ◽  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Zhijun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Antibody Titers

AbstractTo investigate the duration of humoral immune response in convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we conduct a 12-month longitudinal study through collecting a total of 1,782 plasma samples from 869 convalescent plasma donors in Wuhan, China and test specific antibody responses. The results show that positive rate of IgG antibody against receptor-binding domain of spike protein (RBD-IgG) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors exceeded 70% for 12 months post diagnosis. The level of RBD-IgG decreases with time, with the titer stabilizing at 64.3% of the initial level by the 9th month. Moreover, male plasma donors produce more RBD-IgG than female, and age of the patients positively correlates with the RBD-IgG titer. A strong positive correlation between RBD-IgG and neutralizing antibody titers is also identified. These results facilitate our understanding of SARS-CoV-2-induced immune memory to promote vaccine and therapy development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document