scholarly journals Health expenditure among the outpatient of type-2 diabetes in selected hospital of Kathmandu district: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmita shrestha ◽  
Aditya Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Share

Introduction Pocket (OOP) expenditure is the dominant financing mechanism in low and middle-income countries. In these countries, the prevalence of diabetes has been rising more rapidly, leading to various microvascular complications, thus increasing the risk of dying prematurely. Methods A cross-sectional - comparative and hospital-based study was carried out in which OOP expenditure of diabetic patients treated in public and private hospitals was compared. A total of 154 diabetic patients i.e.77 in each type of hospital were selected purposively in consultation with attending physicians and staff. Face to face interview was done on a diabetic patient with a minimum of one year of illness using a structured questionnaire. Lorentz curve and concentration curve were prepared using the income and expenditure of the patients. Result Among 154 patients, 97.4% of patients had paid out of pocket for the treatment of diabetes. The mean direct cost per month was NRs. 7312.17 in public and NRs. 10125.31 in a private hospital. The direct medical cost had a higher share in total direct cost i.e. 60.5% in public and 69.3 % in a private hospital. Medicine cost had a higher percentage share (50.9%) in public hospital and laboratory cost had a higher percentage share (68%) in a private hospital. Conclusion The direct medical cost was higher in a private hospital as compared to a public hospital. All the income groups have to pay a similar amount of money for the treatment i.e. economic burden for the treatment of disease was found higher for the poor people as there was no financial protection mechanism.

scholarly journals Cost of Diabetes Mellitus Care among Patients attending selected Outpatient Clinics

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (190) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Shrestha ◽  
Shyam Prasad Lohani ◽  
Mirak Raj Angdembe ◽  
Kreepa Bhattarai ◽  
Jyoti Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: In developing countries diabetes mellitus affects economically productive age group; more often affecting the productive member of the family. The objective of the study was to estimate the direct and indirect cost of illness of patients with DM attending the selected outpatient clinics in Kathmandu Valley.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in four outpatient clinics in Kathmandu Valley among 227 diabetic patients selected purposively. It was conducted from July to September, 2010. An adapted and pretested semi structured questionnaire was administered to diabetic patients aged 20 to 60 years with a minimum of a year of illness.Results: The mean total cost per visit by a diabetic patient to an outpatient clinic wasUS$13.3 (95% CI: 11.70-14.92). Likewise the total cost incurred in the treatment and care of DM per month was US$ 40.41 (95% CI: 36.38-44.45) and per annum was US$ 445 (95% CI: 396.11-495.61). In addition, the study results also showed that with increase in total direct cost per annum the duration of illness also increases.Conclusions: There is a high cost burden on the patient with DM visiting the selected private sector outpatient clinics._______________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: cost burden; diabetes mellitus; direct cost; indirect cost; treatment cost.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF PATIENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 270-272
Author(s):  
AYESHA ASHFAQ ◽  
NOOR FATIMA ◽  
SEEMA DAUD ◽  
Ahsen Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Zakariya Imam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objective: To determine whether or not doctors assess the socio-economicstatus of their patients in order to customize treatment and improve compliance. Design: A cross-sectional Setting:Jinnah Hospital and Shalimar Hospital Lahore. Period: From March to June 2005 Methods & Material: Ninety-threepatients were included from each of the two randomly selected tertiary care hospitals (one public, one private) ofLahore. Doctor-patient encounters were observed. Results: No assessment was made for 134/186(72%) patients.51/186(27.4%) received an inadequate assessment. Only 01/186(0.5 %) patient received a thorough assessment ofhis socioeconomic status. Doctors in the private hospital made better effort to assess the socioeconomic backgroundof the patient (albeit inadequately), compared to those in the public hospital (p: < 0.0001). Conclusion: Doctors shouldbe regular and meticulous in patients’ socioeconomic status assessment.

scholarly journals Cost of Illness of Malaria in Coastal Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Affan K ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cost

Background: Malaria is one of the major health issues in developing and underdeveloped countries. It is considered to be one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality. This study intends to estimate the cost of illness of malaria at the household level and health service utilisation pattern for malaria treatment in coastal Karnataka. Materials and Methods: It was a secondary data-based cross-sectional study comprising people suffering from malaria during the period from September to December 2016. Result: The median gross total cost of illness (a single episode of malaria) was 4,000 INR, the median direct medical cost was zero, and the median direct non-medical cost was 100 INR. The majority of individuals (92.2%) took treatment from public healthcare sectors. Conclusion: The effective implementation of anti-malarial interventions by the District Health Authority, District Vector Borne Disease Control Office, and treatment from public health sectors resulted in negligible direct medical cost which made a remarkable reduction in the cost of illness of malaria.

scholarly journals PHARMACOECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ACUTE EXACERBATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN NORTH KARNATAKA, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul S ◽  
Abhinand Cr ◽  
Nikithareddy B ◽  
Jayachandra K ◽  
Lakshmi P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Total Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Acute Exacerbations

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the burden of cost in patients of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in COPD patients over a period of 6 months in general medicine and pulmonary wards of Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur, Karnataka, India. Direct medical and non-medical cost were included in the burden of cost. From the drug rate manual of hospital, cost for drugs and investigation were calculated.Results: Overall 100 COPD patients were enrolled in which 92 were male and 8 were female with a mean age of 60.33±10.98. The patients participated in this study were stayed in the hospital with mean±standard deviation (SD) value of 9±3. Minimum total direct medical cost was Rs. 1149.00 and maximum was Rs. 13,510.00 with a mean±SD 3297.48±1634.226, in which medicine cost was high (mean 2746.63). Minimum total direct non-medical cost was Rs. 100.00 and maximum was Rs. 3470.00 with a mean±SD 700.7±487.121, in which food expenses was high (mean 549.55). Maximum total direct cost was Rs.16,980.00 and minimum was 1349.00 with a mean± SD 3998.18±1921.47. Direct medical cost contributes 79.56% and direct non-medical cost contribute 20.44% of total direct cost.Conclusion: COPD has a substantial impact on health-care costs particularly for hospitalization. Exacerbation prevention resulting in reduced need for inpatient care could lower costs. The development of pharmacoeconomic is at an infancy stage in India at the moment, despite the rapid growth of clinical research. In a country with scarce resources and an ever-growing population with diverse health-care needs, health economics (Pharmacoeconomic evaluation) plays a pivotal role in determining the delivery of equitable and cost-effective health services.

scholarly journals Significant differences in cesarean section rates between a private and a public hospital in Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2909-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sueli de Almeida ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Marco Antonio Barbieri ◽  
Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva ◽  
Valdinar Sousa Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Public Hospital ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
The City ◽  
Maternity Clinic

This paper evaluates the association of maternal variables and of variables related to prenatal and delivery care with cesarean sections at a public and at a private maternity. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed at a public maternity clinic (2,889 deliveries) and at a private maternity clinic (2,911 deliveries) in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. The prevalence of cesarean sections was 18.9% at the public maternity clinic and 84.3% at the private one. The factors associated with cesarean sections at both hospitals were: mothers from other cities, aged > 25 years and with hypertension. Having more than one child was a protective factor. At the public hospital, cesarean sections were more frequent on Wednesdays and from 12:00 to 23:59 hours of any day of the week, whereas at the private hospital they occurred on any day, though were less common on Sundays, and at any time except in the early morning. At the private hospital, cesarean sections were more frequent when performed by the doctor who had provided the prenatal care. Non-medical factors were more associated with cesarean sections in the private maternity clinic than biological or clinical factors related to pregnancy.

scholarly journals Cost and outcome of caesarean section in a public and private hospital in Dhaka city

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roskana Sabnom ◽  
Md. Ziaul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Safe Delivery

Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgical interventions to ensure safe delivery and outcome. Cost of CS is comparatively higher in private hospitals but it is not verified that this higher cost could influence the better outcome in private over a public hospital. Objectives: To compare cost and outcome of caesarean section between a public and private hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among 130 clients of CS from Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Holly Family Red Crescent Hospital (HFRCH). Data were collected by face-to-face interview and reviewing medical documents. Cost of CS was estimated in terms of direct and indirect cost of CS incurred by the women while outcome was assessed by finding the health condition of the mother and newborn. Result: Majority of the women had CS as per doctor's advice. Majority (61.5%) had different kind of problems after CS including lower abdominal pain (86.0% in HFRCH and 69.2% in DMCH) and fever (10.7% in HFRCH and 17.3% in DMCH). Average cost of CS was significantly higher in HFRCH (Tk.36852.90±8396.38) than in DMCH (Tk.7344.23± 5081.67) [t(128), p<0.01]. Both direct and indirect cost of CS were significantly lower in DMCH than in HFRCH [t(128), p<0.01]. Outcome of CS was significantly better to mothers in DMCH than of HFRCH [?2 (7.9)=0.048, p<.05]. Conclusion: Cost of CS was higher in private hospital while outcome was better in public hospital. Effective measures are recommended for reduction of cost of CS to make it cost-effective. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July ’13 Page 276-281 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15424

scholarly journals Direct economic burden of patients with autoimmune encephalitis in western China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiqing Li ◽  
Xue Gong ◽  
Kundian Guo ◽  
Jingfang Lin ◽  
Dong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Western China ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Inpatient Cost ◽  
Illness Study

ObjectiveTo analyze the cost of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in China for the first time.MethodsPatients who were newly diagnosed with antibody-positive AE (anti-NMDA receptor [NMDAR], anti-γ aminobutyric acid type B receptor [GABABR], antileucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 [LGI1], and anticontactin-associated protein-2 [CASPR2]) at West China Medical Center between June 2012 and December 2018 were enrolled, and a cost-of-illness study was performed retrospectively. Data on clinical characteristics, costs, and utilization of sources were collected from questionnaires and the hospital information system.ResultsOf the 208 patients reviewed, the mean direct cost per patient was renminbi (RMB) 94,129 (United States dollars [USD] 14,219), with an average direct medical cost of RMB 88,373 (USD 13,349). The average inpatient cost per patients with AE was RMB 86,810 (USD 13,113). The direct nonmedical cost was much lower than the direct medical cost, averaging RMB 5,756 (USD 869). The direct cost of anti-LGI1/CASPR2 encephalitis was significantly lower than that of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and anti-GABABR encephalitis. The length of stay in the hospital was significantly associated with the direct cost.ConclusionsThe financial burden of AE is heavy for Chinese patients, and there are significant differences between different types of AE.

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