scholarly journals UK B.1.1.7 variant exhibits increased respiratory replication and shedding in nonhuman primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Rosenke ◽  
Friederike Feldmann ◽  
Atsushi Okumura ◽  
Frederick Hansen ◽  
Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Green Monkeys

The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants calls for regular assessment to identify differences in viral replication, shedding and associated disease. In this study, African green monkeys were infected intranasally with either a contemporary D614G or the UK B.1.1.7 variant. Both variants caused mild respiratory disease with no significant differences in clinical presentation. Significantly higher levels of viral RNA and infectious virus were found in upper and lower respiratory tract samples and tissues from B.1.1.7 infected animals. Interestingly, D614G infected animals showed significantly higher levels of viral RNA and infectious virus in rectal swabs and gastrointestinal tract tissues. Our results indicate that B.1.1.7 infection in African green monkeys is associated with increased respiratory replication and shedding but no disease enhancement similar to human B.1.1.7 cases.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in the North American deer mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Griffin ◽  
Mable Chan ◽  
Nikesh Tailor ◽  
Emelissa J. Mendoza ◽  
Anders Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
North American ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
The North ◽  
Wild Deer ◽  
Theoretical Risk

AbstractWidespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans raises the theoretical risk of reverse zoonosis events with wildlife, reintroductions of SARS-CoV-2 into permissive nondomesticated animals. Here we report that North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection following intranasal exposure to a human isolate, resulting in viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract with little or no signs of disease. Further, shed infectious virus is detectable in nasal washes, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs, and viral RNA is detectable in feces and occasionally urine. We further show that deer mice are capable of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to naïve deer mice through direct contact. The extent to which these observations may translate to wild deer mouse populations remains unclear, and the risk of reverse zoonosis and/or the potential for the establishment of Peromyscus rodents as a North American reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown.

Isolation of Mycoplasma species from the lower respiratory tract of healthy cattle and cattle with respiratory disease in Belgium

2002 ◽  
Vol 151 (16) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thomas ◽  
I. Dizier ◽  
A. Trolin ◽  
J. Mainil ◽  
A. Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Healthy Cattle

scholarly journals Viral RNA polymerase complex promotes optimal growth of 1918 virus in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets

2008 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Watanabe ◽  
S. Watanabe ◽  
K. Shinya ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
M. Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Polymerase Complex

Endoscopic Treatment of Amyloidosis of the Nasopharynx

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Lesserson ◽  
Douglas G. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Localized Amyloidosis ◽  
Neck Area

Amyloidosis of the nasopharynx is a rare presentation of localized amyloidosis. The majority of systemic amyloidosis cases involve the heart, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and upper and lower respiratory tract. Localized amyloidosis involving only one site is less common, but has been observed in the head and neck area, particularly in the larynx or the oral cavity. Amyloidosis in the nasopharynx has been reported in only seven previous cases in the English literature.

scholarly journals Intranasal ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccination reduces shedding of SARS-CoV-2 D614G in rhesus macaques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeltje van Doremalen ◽  
Jyothi N. Purushotham ◽  
Jonathan E. Schulz ◽  
Myndi G. Holbrook ◽  
Trenton Bushmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Transmission Model

AbstractIntramuscular vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 protected rhesus macaques against pneumonia but did not reduce shedding of SARS-CoV-2. Here we investigate whether intranasally administered ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 reduces shedding, using a SARS-CoV-2 virus with the D614G mutation in the spike protein. Viral load in swabs obtained from intranasally vaccinated hamsters was significantly decreased compared to controls and no viral RNA or infectious virus was found in lung tissue, both in a direct challenge and a transmission model. Intranasal vaccination of rhesus macaques resulted in reduced shedding and a reduction in viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage and lower respiratory tract tissue. In conclusion, intranasal vaccination reduced shedding in two different SARS-CoV-2 animal models, justifying further investigation as a potential vaccination route for COVID-19 vaccines.

scholarly journals Gemykibivirus Genome in Lower Respiratory Tract of Elderly Woman With Unexplained Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yanpeng Li ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Jinmin Ma ◽  
Wenxin Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Metagenomics Analysis

Abstract Using metagenomics analysis, we are the first to identify the presence of a small, circular, single-stranded Gemykibivirus (GkV) genome from the respiratory tract of an elderly woman with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our results suggest that further studies on whether GkVs infect humans and cause respiratory disease are needed.

Delayed diagnosis of laryngeal foreign body

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Jesudason ◽  
D. A. Luff ◽  
M. P. Rothera
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis

Aspiration of a foreign body is a recognized cause of accidental death in children. Paediatricians are aware of the symptoms of inhaled foreign bodies in the lower respiratory tract. However, symptoms which suggest impaction in the larynx do not appear to raise the same index of suspicion of a foreign body. One case of laryngeal foreign body is described with a delay in diagnosis of five days. The clinical presentation, investigations and management are discussed.

Distribution of intranasal instillations in mice: effects of volume, time, body position, and anesthesia

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. L833-L839 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Southam ◽  
M. Dolovich ◽  
P. M. O'Byrne ◽  
M. D. Inman
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Gamma Scintigraphy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
Gas Anesthesia ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

Intranasal instillation techniques are used to deliver various substances to the upper and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) in mice. Here, we quantify the relative distribution achieved with intranasal delivery of a nonabsorbable tracer,99mTc-labeled sulfide-colloid. Relative distribution was determined by killing mice after instillation and quantifying the radioactivity in dissected tissues using gamma scintigraphy. A significant effect of delivery volume on relative distribution was observed when animals were killed 5 min after instillation delivered under gas anesthesia. With a delivery volume of 5 μl, no radiation was detected in the LRT; this increased to a maximum of 55.7 ± 2.5% distribution to the LRT when 50 μl were delivered. The majority of radiation not detected in the LRT was found in the URT. Over the course of the following 1 h, radiation in the LRT remained constant, while that in the URT decreased and appeared in the gastrointestinal tract. Instillation of 25 μl into anesthetized mice resulted in 30.1 ± 6.9% distribution to the LRT, while only 5.3 ± 1.5% ( P < 0.05) of the same volume was detected in the LRT of awake mice. Varying the body position of mice did not affect relative distribution. When using intranasal instillation, the relative distribution between the URT and LRT and the gastrointestinal tract is heavily influenced by delivery volume and level of anesthesia.

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