scholarly journals Comparison of dipsogenic responses of adult offspring as a function of different perinatal programming models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia M Dadam ◽  
Jose Luis Amigone ◽  
Laura Marta Vivas ◽  
Ana Fabiola Macchione
Keyword(s):  
Free Access ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Perinatal Programming ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Neurobiological Substrates ◽  
Osmotic Challenge ◽  
Sodium Overload ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reduced Water

The perinatal environment interacts with the genotype of the developing organism resulting in a unique phenotype through a developmental or perinatal programming phenomenon. However, it remains unclear how this phenomenon differentially affects particular targets expressing specific drinking responses depending on the perinatal conditions. The main goal of the present study was to compare the dipsogenic responses induced by different thirst models as a function of two perinatal manipulation models, defined by the maternal free access to hypertonic sodium solution and a partial aortic ligation (PAL-W/Na) or a sham-ligation (Sham-W/Na). The programmed adult offspring of both perinatal manipulated models responded similarly when was challenged by overnight water dehydration or after a sodium depletion showing a reduced water intake in comparison to the non-programmed animals. However, when animals were evaluated after a body sodium overload, only adult Sham-W/Na offspring showed drinking differences compared to PAL and control offspring. By analyzing the central neurobiological substrates involved, a significant increase in the number of Fos + cells was found after sodium depletion in the subfornical organ of both programmed groups and an increase in the number of Fos + cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus was only observed in adult depleted PAL-W/Na. Our results suggest that perinatal programming is a phenomenon that differentially affects particular targets which induce specific dipsogenic responses depending on matching between perinatal programming conditions and the osmotic challenge in the latter environment. Probably, each programmed-drinking phenotype has a particular set point to elicit specific repertoires of mechanisms to reestablish fluid balance.

scholarly journals A Review of Chenopodium quinoa (Willd.) Diseases—An Updated Perspective

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Carla Colque-Little ◽  
Daniel Buchvaldt Amby ◽  
Christian Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ascochyta Caulina ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Reduced Water

The journey of the Andean crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to unfamiliar environments and the combination of higher temperatures, sudden changes in weather, intense precipitation, and reduced water in the soil has increased the risk of observing new and emerging diseases associated with this crop. Several diseases of quinoa have been reported in the last decade. These include Ascochyta caulina, Cercospora cf. chenopodii, Colletotrichum nigrum, C. truncatum, and Pseudomonas syringae. The taxonomy of other diseases remains unclear or is characterized primarily at the genus level. Symptoms, microscopy, and pathogenicity, supported by molecular tools, constitute accurate plant disease diagnostics in the 21st century. Scientists and farmers will benefit from an update on the phytopathological research regarding a crop that has been neglected for many years. This review aims to compile the existing information and make accurate associations between specific symptoms and causal agents of disease. In addition, we place an emphasis on downy mildew and its phenotyping, as it continues to be the most economically important and studied disease affecting quinoa worldwide. The information herein will allow for the appropriate execution of breeding programs and control measures.

scholarly journals Odour conditioning of positive affective states: Rats can learn to associate an odour with being tickled

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Bombail ◽  
Nathalie Jerôme ◽  
Ho Lam ◽  
Sacha Muszlak ◽  
Simone L Meddle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Test Arena ◽  
Balanced Design ◽  
And Control

AbstractMost associative learning tests in rodents use negative stimuli, such as an electric shock. We investigated if young rats can learn to associate the presence of an odour with the experience of being tickled (i.e. using an experimenter’s hand to mimic rough-and-tumble play), shown to elicit 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs), which are indicative of positive affect. Male, pair-housed Wistar rats (N=24) were all exposed to two neutral odours (A and B) presented in a perforated container on alternate days in a test arena. Following 60s of exposure, the rats were either tickled on days when odour A (n=8) or odour B (n=8) was present, or never tickled (n=8). When tickled, rats produced significantly more 50 kHz USVs compared to the days when not being tickled, and compared to control rats. The level of anticipatory 50 kHz USVs in the 60s prior to tickling did not differ significantly between the tickled and control rats. Following the odour conditioning, rats were exposed successively in the same arena to three odours: an unknown neutral odour, extract of fox faeces, and either odours A or B. Compared to controls, 50 kHz USVs of tickled rats increased when exposed to the odour they had previously experienced when tickled, indicating that these rats had learned to associate the odour with the positive experience of being tickled. In a test with free access for 5 min to both arms of a T-maze, each containing one of the odours, rats tickled with odour A spent more time in the arm with this odour. This work is the first to test in a fully balanced design whether odours can be conditioned to tickling, and indicates that positive odour conditioning has potential to be used as an alternative to negative conditioning tests.

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptomic Changes in the Hypothalamic-Neurohypophysial System after 24 h of Furosemide-Induced Sodium Depletion

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina G.V. Dutra ◽  
Alex Paterson ◽  
Livia R.N. Monteiro ◽  
Michael P. Greenwood ◽  
Mingkwan P. Greenwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Hypotonic Stress ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Plasma Angiotensin ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Furosemide is a loop diuretic widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of oedema and hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine physiological and molecular changes in the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system as a consequence of furosemide-induced sodium depletion. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Male rats were sodium depleted by acute furosemide injection (10 and 30 mg/kg) followed by access to low sodium diet and distilled water for 24 h. The renal and behavioural consequences were evaluated, while blood and brains were collected to evaluate the neuroendocrine and gene expression responses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Furosemide treatment acutely increases urinary sodium and water excretion. After 24 h, water and food intake were reduced, while plasma angiotensin II and corticosterone were increased. After hypertonic saline presentation, sodium-depleted rats showed higher preference for salt. Interrogation using RNA sequencing revealed the expression of 94 genes significantly altered in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of sodium-depleted rats (31 upregulated and 63 downregulated). Out of 9 genes chosen, 5 were validated by quantitative PCR in the PVN (upregulated: Ephx2, Ndnf and Vwf; downregulated: Caprin2 and Opn3). The same genes were also assessed in the supraoptic nucleus (SON, upregulated: Tnnt1, Mis18a, Nr1d1 and Dbp; downregulated: Caprin2 and Opn3). As a result of these plastic transcriptome changes, vasopressin expression was decreased in PVN and SON, whilst vasopressin and oxytocin levels were reduced in plasma. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We thus have identified novel genes that might regulate vasopressin gene expression in the hypothalamus controlling the magnocellular neurons secretory response to body sodium depletion and consequently hypotonic stress.

scholarly journals Body Sodium Overload Modulates the Firing Rate and Fos Immunoreactivity of Serotonergic Cells of Dorsal Raphe Nucleus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e74689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Godino ◽  
Soledad Pitra ◽  
Hugo F. Carrer ◽  
Laura Vivas
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Raphe ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Sodium Overload ◽  
Dorsal Raphé

scholarly journals A systematic review of wastewater monitoring and its applications in urban drainage systems

Respuestas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexis Bonilla Granados ◽  
Juan Camilo Barrera Triviño ◽  
Gonzalo Cifuentes Ospina
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Maximum Flows ◽  
And Control

Urban drainage systems have an important role in the planning and development of cities, they allow a good management of the wastewater flow, and their study is important to understand the physicochemical characteristics of water and the relationships between the maximum flows and means of each system. This is a review of wastewater monitoring and their applications, which is done through the consultation of databases and other documentary sources of free access like scientific journals. The research strategy was based on 3 thematic axes that were: monitoring of wastewater, obtaining parameters of the system and network management. We reviewed 69 references of different countries around the world countries and we focused in the methodologies used in each study case. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of implementation of measure instruments, monitoring and control systems.

scholarly journals Intellectual property protection for scholarly publishing in the Italian framework: a globally open approach for medical and life sciences authors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bozzato ◽  
Marianna Gnoato ◽  
Antonia Vilia ◽  
Mauro Apostolico
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Research Dissemination ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
And Control

This paper aims at analyzing the importance of protection of intellectual property (IP) in biomedical scholarly publications, both for the author’s reputation and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. The laws that regulate IP are very complex and differ from country to country. We shall focus on the Italian framework though many considerations could be applied to foreign contexts. IP is very articulated, yet often ignored, that is worth paying attention to a correct copyright management can help researchers promote their Work and the community to benefit from it. In the scholarly publishing field, there are two main areas: traditional publishers and open-access publishers. The first group requires a fee to access the content they publish and usually ask the authors for a complete transfer of copyright. The possibility to negotiate terms with such publishers is often overlooked: scholarly authors tend to think they do not have leverage in the publishing cycle. The so-called addendum and professional figures, like librarians and attorneys, can help manage the authors’ intellectual property. On the other hand, open-access publishers give free access to published material, guaranteeing the protection of IP: thanks to the Creative Commons Licenses, the authors do not have to surrender their copyright to the publisher and can manage and control the use made out of their Work. Applying the principles put forth in this article implies enhancing research dissemination by increasing its impact and visibility. However, to achieve such a goal, it is necessary to protect intellectual property for the sake of authors, users, and scientific progress.

scholarly journals Implementation of a standardized information management system into activity of scientific and technical library

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bohdanov ◽  
V. M. Plotnikov ◽  
K. V. Smirnova ◽  
I. I. Zinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Institutional Repository ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Technical Library ◽  
And Control

An effective solution to the tasks of preserving and accessing electronic documentation requires software applications, namely an electronic archive within the information management system of the organization. The information management system is a digital object-control and management system, as well as facilitates the planning and control functions of the enterprise. The object of research is the information management system for the fund of the Scientific and Technical Library ONAFT. The main goal of this project is to create a single electronic resource, namely, an institutional repository for the conservation of scientific works, articles, media, patents, educational objects, annotations and dissertations that are freely available for both HIE employees and for the world the communityAt present, information technology plays a key role in the process of obtaining, storing and disseminating information and knowledge, and is one of the most important tools for strategic development of libraries.Modern software tools such as the IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition development environment, the JavaEE specification, the Java programming language, the Spring framework, the Apache Maven and Apache Ant project assemblies, the Hibernate library, the PostgreSQL database management system, the query language, were used to create the software. SQL To play the institutional repository, the DSpace platform, which is an open source software, was usedThe result of the development is the information and control system for the library fund STL ONAFT, implemented for the purpose of free access to research related to the development of a specific subject area, for further use in the educational process of HIE. The implemented software product is based on the established list of requirements for the functional capabilities of the project. During the development of the information management system for the library fund, the tasks were completed.

Growth failure and metabolic acidosis due to total body sodium depletion in an infant with an ileostomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e241570
Author(s):  
Christina Marie Zarraga ◽  
Stephen Mark Borowitz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Sodium Loss ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Renal Tubular

Sodium is an essential nutrient and inadequate sodium intake and/or excessive sodium losses can result in suboptimal growth. Infants with ileostomies are at significant risk of developing growth failure as a result of excessive sodium loss in their ileostomy effluent. Chronic sodium depletion can also limit the kidney’s ability to excrete hydrogen and potassium ions, mimicking electrolyte abnormalities found in type 4 renal tubular acidosis. This report describes an infant with an ileostomy with severe growth failure, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis—all of which promptly resolved with sodium supplementation.

scholarly journals Demography and determinants of dog and cat ownership in three towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
Abraham Mekebib Getaneh ◽  
Getachew Kebebew Tola ◽  
Solomon Shiferaw Endale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract BackgroundThe dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for the control of pet population and zoonosis. This study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was designed and administered to households to collect data on the demography and determinants of dog/cat ownership. Six hundred and ten households, consisting of 305 in Ambo, 182 in Bako, and 123 in Gojo towns were interviewed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of dog/cat ownership. ResultsAbout 65.1% (95% CI: 62.1 – 69.8%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.8 – 43.8%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.4 – 35.0%) own both. The majority of the dog-owning households own a single dog (74.8%) and cat (74.9%). There were significantly higher proportion of dog and cat-owning households in Bako than Ambo and Gojo towns. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6:1, and that of cat ratio was 10:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 3:1 for the dog while nearly 1:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have free access to outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs/cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, and shortage of finance. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, gender of head of household, ownership of other animals as determinants for dog/cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. ConclusionData on dog/cat ownership status is important for the provision of veterinary services, pet population control, and for quantifying risks associated with dog/cat to the community and control of dog/cat borne zoonosis.

scholarly journals Demography and determinants of dog and cat ownership in three towns of West Shoa zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
Abraham Mekebib Getaneh ◽  
Getachew Kebebew Tola ◽  
Solomon Shiferaw Endale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Health Risks And Benefits ◽  
Household Ownership

Abstract Background The dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for the control of pet population and zoonosis. This study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. Results About 65.1% (95% CI: 62.1–69.8%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.8–43.8%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.4–35.0%) own both. The majority of the dog-owning households own a single dog (74.8%) and cat (74.9%). There were significantly higher proportion of dog and cat-owning households in Bako than Ambo and Gojo towns. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6:1, and that of cat ratio was 10:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 3:1 for the dog while nearly 1:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have free access to outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs/cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, and shortage of finance. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, gender of head of household, ownership of other animals as determinants for dog/cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. Conclusion The current study provide insights into the determinants of dogs/cats ownership and their demographic characteristics in Ethiopia. Dogs are more commonly owned, but the household determinants for dog and cat ownership were comparable. Means of obtaining and reason of owning or abandoning dogs/cats is partly different from those reported in the developed countries. The results of this study could be used for the provision of veterinary services, quantifying health risks and benefits associated with dog/cat ownership, and control of pet population and related zoonosis.

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