scholarly journals Three water restriction schedules used in rodent behavioral tasks transiently impair growth and differentially evoke a stress hormone response without causing dehydration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Vasilev ◽  
Daniel Havel ◽  
Simone Liebscher ◽  
Silvia Slesiona-Kuenzel ◽  
Nikos Logothetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Renal Adaptation ◽  
Behavioral Tasks ◽  
Daily Body Weight

Water restriction is commonly used to motivate rodents to perform behavioral tasks; however, its effects on hydration and stress hormone levels are unknown. Here, we report daily body weight and bi-weekly packed red blood cell volume and corticosterone in adult male rats across 80 days for three commonly used water restriction schedules. We also assessed renal adaptation to water restriction using post-mortem histological evaluation of renal medulla. A control group received ad libitum water. After one week of water restriction, rats on all restriction schedules resumed similar levels of growth relative to the control group. Nominal hydration was observed, and water restriction did not drive renal adaptation. An intermittent restriction schedule was associated with an increase in corticosterone relative to the control group. Our results suggest that the water restriction schedules used here will maintain welfare in rats. However, intermittent restriction evokes a stress response which could affect behavioral and neurobiological results. Our results also suggest that stable motivation in behavioral tasks may only be achieved after one week of restriction.

scholarly journals Three water restriction schedules used in rodent behavioral tasks transiently impair growth and differentially evoke a stress hormone response without causing dehydration

eNeuro ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0424-21.2021
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Vasilev ◽  
Daniel Havel ◽  
Simone Liebscher ◽  
Silvia Slesiona-Kuenzel ◽  
Nikos K. Logothetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Behavioral Tasks

scholarly journals Flaxseed, olive and fish oil influence plasmatic lipids, lymphocyte migration and morphometry of the intestinal of Wistar rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiana Diniz Rosa ◽  
Regiane Lopes de Sales ◽  
Luis Fernando de Sousa Moraes ◽  
Fabíola Cesário Lourenço ◽  
Clóvis Andrade Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effect of flaxseed, olive and fish oil on the lipid profile, preservation of villosities and lymphocyte migration in the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats. METHODS: Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups, which received the AIN-93M diet, with changes only to their lipid source: flaxseed, olive, fish, and soy oil (control group). The serum was separated for the biochemical parameter analysis. A histological evaluation was performed in the ileal portion. RESULTS: The group which was fed fish oil presented lower values when compared to the other treatments for Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol (p<0.05). The animals treated with fish and olive oils presented better intestinal villosities preservation. Less deposition of lymphocytes was observed in the flaxseed group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that flaxseed, olive and fish oils present different responses than soy oil for the intestinal mucosa preservation and lymphocyte proliferation in Wistar rats.

Doxorubicin for prevention of epineurial fibrosis in a rat sciatic nerve model: outcome based on gross postsurgical, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baki S. Albayrak ◽  
Ozgur Ismailoglu ◽  
Konuralp Ilbay ◽  
Umut Yaka ◽  
Gamze Tanriover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

Object Epineural fibrosis may complicate peripheral nerve surgeries and currently is considered as one of the main factors responsible for failed surgeries. The authors investigated the postoperative antiscarring effects of topically applied doxorubicin (DXR) on rat sciatic nerves. Methods The sciatic nerves were dissected from the surrounding tissue and exposed bilaterally in 20 Wistar albino adult male rats. Abrasion trauma was produced on the exposed surface of the biceps femoris muscle in the vicinity of the sciatic nerves and their main branches in all animals. In the DXR Group, cottonoid pads soaked with DXR (0.5 mg/ml) were placed around the nerves for 5 minutes, whereas cotton pads soaked with saline (0.9% NaCl) were applied to nerves of animals in the Control Group for the same duration. Twelve weeks after the procedure, all of the rats were killed and the sciatic nerves were examined. Epineural adhesions were evaluated histopathologically and ultrastructurally. Additionally, quantitative histological parameters, the scar tissue formation index and the scar density, were calculated in histological evaluation. Results Gross postsurgical evaluation as well as histopathological and electron microscopic examination of involved nerve segments showed significantly less epineurial adhesions in the DXR Group than in the Control Group. Quantitative analysis of the epineurium revealed a statistically significant reduction in the density and amount of epineural scarring in specimens from the DXR Group than in those from the Control Group. Conlusions The results of gross postsurgical anatomical evaluation and histopathological and ultrastructural studies suggested that topical application of DXR effectively reduced epineural scar formation on rat sciatic nerves. These promising findings merit further experimental and clinical studies to determine the efficacy and safe applicability of DXR in human subjects.

scholarly journals Protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate against methotrexate-induced testicular damage

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110356
Author(s):  
Ozlem Delen ◽  
Yesim H Uz
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Testicular Damage

The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage in rats. Forty Wistar albino male rats were divided into equally four groups: Control group (saline solution, IP), PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC,IP, 10 days), MTX group (20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day) and MTX + PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC, IP, 10 days and 20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day). After 10 days, testicular tissues were excised for morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prokineticin 2 (PK2) levels were determined. Body and testicular weights were measured. Testicular damage was assessed by histological evaluation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PK2 immunoreactivities were evaluated by HSCORE. Body and testicular weights, serum FSH, LH, testosterone levels, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelial thickness were significantly decreased in the MTX group. However, serum PK2 level, histologically damaged seminiferous tubules and interstitial field width were significantly increased. Additionally, there was an increase in NFkB and PK2 immunoreactivity, whereas there was a significant decrease in Nrf2 immunoreactivity. PDTC significantly improved hormonal, morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical findings. Taken together, we conclude that PDTC may reduce MTX-induced testicular damage via NFkB, Nrf2 and PK2 signaling pathways.

scholarly journals A single neonatal administration of soybean oil and/or tamoxifen affects permanently the testis histomorphology in adult rats.

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia González-González ◽  
Everardo González-Padilla ◽  
Francisco Fierro-Fierro ◽  
María De Lourdes Juárez-Mosqueda ◽  
Juan José Pérez-Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Neonatal Administration

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tamoxifen (Tx) and its vehicle, soybean oil (SO), during the critical period of hypothalamic sexual differentiation in newborn male rats, regarding gonadal histomorphology during adulthood. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 5 each). An hour after birth, one group was treated subcutaneously with 200 μg of Tx, using commercial SO (20 uL) as a vehicle; another group was treated with only 20 μL of SO; the control group received no treatment. All rats were weighed and sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 90 post-treatment. Testicles were removed, weighed and processed for histological evaluation. The single administration of Tx and/or SO during the critical period of sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus permanently altered testicular histomorphology, spermatogenesis, and body weight in adulthood. Alterations included vacuolization and reduction in the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. The administration of Tx reduced the testicular weight, the diameter and area of the seminiferous tubules, and the height of the germinal epithelium, and increased the intertubular space. Soybean oil by itself reduced the number of spermatocytes and spermatids more than Tx did. There was no effect on the number of Leydig cells. The possibility that soybean oil can act as an endocrine disruptor deserves greater attention and opens the possibility for the development of new methods of pest control.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

Effect of Turmeric and Ginger on Lipid Profile in Male Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. Al-Rekabi ◽  
Dheyaa K. Alomer ◽  
Rana Talib Al-Muswie ◽  
Khalid G. Al-Fartosi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric and ginger on lipid profile of male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at a concentration of 1% given with consumed drinking water to male rats. Methods: 200 mg/kg from turmeric and ginger were used, and the animals were treatment for 30 days. Results: the results showed a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of male rats exposed to oxidative stress when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, (LDL), (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant increase in (HDL) of rats treated with turmeric and ginger at dose 200 mg/kg when compared with male rats exposed to oxidative stress.

Effect of opioid peptides on liver function after patial hepatectomy

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
А.В. Солин ◽  
А.Ю. Ляшев ◽  
Ю.Д. Ляшев
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peptide Molecule ◽  
Selective Agonists

Цель исследования - сравнительный анализ влияния селективных агонистов отдельных классов опиоидных рецепторов на белковосинтетическую функцию печени, развитие цитолитического и холестатического синдромов у крыс, подвергшихся частичной гепатэктомии. Методика. Работа выполнена на 152 крысах-самцах Вистар массой 200-250 г. Частичную гепатэктомию выполняли по методу, описанному Higgins G.M. и Anderson R.M. с удалением 70% ткани печени. В плазме крови определяли концентрации общего белка, альбуминов, общего билирубина, активность аланинтрансаминазы (АЛТ), аспартаттрансаминазы (АСТ), лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ) традиционными методами. Опиоиды: DAGO в дозе 6,3 мкг/кг, DSLET в дозе 10,0 мкг/кг, динорфин А (1-13) в дозе 20,1 мкг/кг, вводили внутрибрюшинно ежедневно 1 раз в сутки в течение 5 сут. эксперимента в объеме 0,2 мл. Контрольным животным аналогично вводили физраствор. Результаты. Удаление 70% ткани печени у крыс-самцов Вистар сопровождается развитием печеночной недостаточности, проявляющейся гипербилирубинемией, гипоальбуминемией, гипопротеинемией, повышением активности трансаминаз и лактатдегидрогеназы. Применение селективных агонистов опиоидных рецепторов у крыс, которым моделировали частичную гепатэктомию, оказывало гепатопротективное действие и снижало выраженность проявлений печеночной недостаточности, начиная с 3-х сут. после резекции. Активность трансаминаз, лактатдегидрогеназы и концентрация общего билирубина у животных, которым вводили опиоиды, были существенно ниже, чем в контрольной группе. Содержание общего белка и альбуминов было статистически значимо выше в группах, которые получали исследованные пептиды, по сравнению с контрольной группой на 7-е сут. после частичной гепатэктомии. Наиболее выраженное действие проявлял селективный агонист опиоидных мю-рецепторов DAGO. По нашему мнению, такое влияние пептидов объясняется присущими им антиоксидантным и антигипоксическим эффектами, что снижает повреждающее действие оперативного вмешательства на печень. Более выраженное влияние DAGO связано, по-видимому, с особенностями распределения опиоидных рецепторов или устойчивостью пептида к действию эндопептидаз благодаря модификациям в молекуле пептида. Заключение. Применение опиоидов стимулирует восстановление функциональной активности печени после частичной гепатэктомии. Наибольший эффект отмечается при введении мю-агониста DAGO. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare effects of selective agonists of opioid receptors from different classes on the protein-synthesizing function of liver and development of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes in rats after partial hepatectomy. Methods. The study was conducted on 152 Wistar male rats weighing 200-250 g. The animals were subjected to partial hepatectomy according to the Higgins and Anderson method. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, and activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured in plasma using standard methods. The opioids, DAGO (6.3 mg/kg), DSLET (10.0 mg/kg), and dynorphin A (1-13) (20.1 mg/kg), were injected in 0.2 ml of saline daily for 5 days. Control animals were injected with 0.2 ml of saline for 5 days. Results. Resection of 70% of liver tissue resulted in development of liver failure as evidenced by hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, and increased transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Selective agonists of opioid receptors administered to the rats after partial hepatectomy exerted a hepatoprotective effect and alleviated the signs of liver failure beginning from the 3 day after resection. Transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were significantly lower in opioid-treated rats than in the control group. Levels of total protein and albumins were significantly higher in the groups injected with the study peptides compared to the control group on the 7 day after partial hepatectomy. The selective agonist of opioid m-receptors, DAGO, exerted the most pronounced effect. Apparently, the similar effects of peptides were due to their antioxidant and anti-hypoxic action, which alleviated the detrimental effect of liver surgery. The more pronounced effect of DAGO apparently resulted from peculiarities of opioid receptors distribution or peptide resistance to endopeptidase action due to modifications of the peptide molecule. Conclusion. Administration of opioids stimulated restoration of liver functional activity after partial hepatectomy. Injections of the m-agonist, DAGO, produced the most pronounced effect.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME SALTS 2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DEGENERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Semeleva E.V. ◽  
Blinova E.V. ◽  
Zaborovsky A.V. ◽  
Vasilkina O.V. ◽  
Shukurov A.S.
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acid Compound ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.

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