Invasive slipper limpets Crepidula fornicata act like a sink, rather than source, of Vibrio spp.

A large knowledge gap exists regarding the disease profile and pathologic condition of the invasive, non-native, slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata. To help address this, we performed a yearlong health survey across two sites in South Wales UK, subtidal Swansea Bay and intertidal Milford Haven. In total, 1,800 limpets were screened systematically for haemolymph bacterial burdens using both general and vibrio-selective growth media (TSA +2% NaCl and TCBS, respectively), haemolymph (blood) inspection using microscopy, a PCR-based assay targeting Vibrio spp., and multi-tissue histology. Over 99% of haemolymph samples contained cultivable bacterial colony forming units, and 83% of limpets tested positive for the presence of vibrios via PCR (confirmed via Sanger sequencing). Vibrio presence did not vary greatly across sites, yet a strong temporal (seasonal) effect was observed - significantly higher bacterial loads during the summer. Binomial logistic regression models revealed larger (older) limpets were more likely to harbour vibrios, and the growth of bacteria on TCBS was a key predictor for PCR-based vibrio detection. Histological assessment of >340 animals revealed little evidence of inflammation, sepsis, or immune reactivity despite the gross bacterial numbers. We contend that slipper limpets are not susceptible to bacteriosis at either site surveyed, or do not to harbour vibrios known to be pathogenic to humans. The lack of susceptibility to local pathogenic bacteria may explain, in part, the invasion success of C. fornicata across this region.

Download Full-text

IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF INDONESIAN MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS AAPTOS AND CALLYSPONGIA PSEUDORETICULATA EXTRACTS AND THEIR TOXICITY AGAINST Vibrio spp.

Indonesian Aquaculture Journal ◽

10.15578/iaj.6.2.2011.173-182 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosmiati Rosmiati ◽

Habsah Mohamad ◽

Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad ◽

Najiah Musa ◽

Aziz Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Larval Rearing ◽

Butanol Extract ◽

Vibrio Spp ◽

Mic Value

Vibriosis is one of diseases which often results in mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larval rearing systems. It attacks shrimp of all stages in zoea, mysis and shrimp postlarva stage. This disease is caused by Vibrio spp, particularly Vibrio harveyi (a luminescent bacterium). Several kinds of antibiotics and chemical material have been used to overcome the disease but they have side effects to environment and human. The searching of bioactive compounds as an alternative treatment has been done for multi purposes. In this study diethyl eter, butanol and aqueous extract of Indonesian sponges Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata were tested for in vitro activity against Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi by using disc diffusion method. The result showed that all extracts of Aaptos aaptos gave a positive antibacterial activity towards those pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, only butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata obtained to exhibit an antibacterial activity on those pathogenic bacteria. The strong anti-vibrio activity were shown by butanol and aqueous extract of Aaptos aaptos with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.313 and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Whilst, the butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata indicated a low antibacterial activity with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL. Toxicity of those active extracts was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Interestingly, butanol and aqueous extracts of Aaptos aaptos did not show any toxic effect in Artemia salina larvae up to 8 x MIC (2.504 mg/mL and 5.000 mg/mL). It is the first report for the anti-vibr io activity of both Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata. This results suggest that Aaptos aaptos has a potential to be used as a source of alternative compound to vibriosis prevention for mariculture.

Download Full-text

Differences in Abundances of Total Vibrio spp., V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in Clams and Oysters in North Carolina

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02265-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. A. Froelich ◽

B. Phippen ◽

P. Fowler ◽

R. T. Noble ◽

J. D. Oliver

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Overlying Water ◽

Content Type ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Bacterial Concentrations ◽

Vibrio Spp

ABSTRACT Filter feeding shellfish can concentrate pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, as much as 100-fold from the overlying water. These shellfish, especially clams and oysters, are often consumed raw, providing a route of entry for concentrated doses of pathogenic bacteria into the human body. The numbers of foodborne infections with these microbes are increasing, and a better understanding of the conditions that might trigger elevated concentrations of these bacteria in seafood is needed. In addition, if bacterial concentrations in water are correlated with those in shellfish, then sampling regimens could be simplified, as water samples can be more rapidly and easily obtained. After sampling of oysters and clams, either simultaneously or separately, for over 2 years, it was concluded that while Vibrio concentrations in oysters and water were related, this was not the case for levels in clams and water. When clams and oysters were collected simultaneously from the same site, the clams were found to have lower Vibrio levels than the oysters. Furthermore, the environmental parameters that were correlated with levels of Vibrio spp. in oysters and water were found to be quite different from those that were correlated with levels of Vibrio spp. in clams. IMPORTANCE This study shows that clams are a potential source of infection in North Carolina, especially for V. parahaemolyticus. These findings also highlight the need for clam-specific environmental research to develop accurate Vibrio abundance models and to broaden the ecological understanding of clam-Vibrio interactions. This is especially relevant as foodborne Vibrio infections from clams are being reported.

Download Full-text

Dispersal ability and invasion success of Crepidula fornicata in a single gulf: insights from genetic markers and larval-dispersal model

Helgoland Marine Research ◽

10.1007/s10152-006-0033-8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 144-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Frédérique Viard ◽

Céline Ellien ◽

Lise Dupont

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Larval Dispersal ◽

Invasion Success ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Crepidula Fornicata ◽

Dispersal Model

Download Full-text

Effect of Ploidy on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Levels in Cultured Oysters

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (11) ◽

pp. 2014-2017

Author(s):

JESSICA L. JONES ◽

KERI A. LYDON ◽

WILLIAM C. WALTON

Keyword(s):

Crassostrea Virginica ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

High Quality ◽

Colony Hybridization ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Rapid Growth Rate ◽

Vibrio Spp ◽

Half Sibling

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are naturally occurring human pathogenic bacteria commonly found in estuarine environments where oysters are cultured. The use of triploid oysters has increased due to their rapid growth rate and because they maintain a high quality throughout the year. Previous work suggested levels of Vibrio spp. may be lower in triploid oysters than diploid oysters. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the abundances of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus between half-sibling diploid and triploid American oysters (Crassostrea virginica). In four trials, 100 individual oysters (either iced or temperature abused) were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus by using direct plating followed by colony hybridization. Mean levels of V. parahaemolyticus in iced and abused diploid oysters were 3.55 and 4.21 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels in iced and abused triploid oysters were 3.49 and 4.27 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels of V. vulnificus in iced and abused diploid oysters were 3.53 and 4.56 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels in iced and abused triploid oysters were 3.54 and 4.55 log CFU/g, respectively. The differences in Vibrio spp. abundances between diploid and triploid oysters was not significant (P > 0.05). However, the differences across treatments were significant (P < 0.05), with the exception of V. parahaemolyticus levels in trial 3 (P = 0.83). Variation between individual oysters was also observed, with 12 of 808 measurements being outside of the 95th percentile. This phenomenon of occasional statistical outliers (“hot” or “cold” oysters) has been previously described and supports the appropriateness of composite sampling to account for inherent animal variability. In summary, the data indicate that abundances of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are not dependent on the ploidy of cultured oysters but vary with the type of handling. HIGHLIGHTS

Download Full-text

Colony morphology and molecular identification of Vibrio spp. on green mussels (Perna viridis) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

Author(s):

FARIDA HIKMAWATI ◽

Ari Susilowati ◽

RATNA SETYANINGSIH

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Colony Morphology ◽

Perna Viridis ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Coastal Tourism ◽

Vibrio Spp

Abstract. Hikmawati F, Susilowati A, Setyaningsih R. 2019. Colony morphology and molecular identification of Vibrio spp. on green mussels (Perna viridis) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas. Biodiversitas 20: 2891-2899. Green mussels (Perna viridis) have filter feeder properties that allow pathogenic bacteria from the water environment to accumulate in relatively high levels. About 20% of foodborne diseases are caused by large quantities of seafood contaminated with bacteria. The purpose of this study is to determine the morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, identity, and the kinship of Vibrio species on green mussels in Yogyakarta coastal tourism areas. Vibrio spp. were grown on selective differential TCBS media. In this media, the suspected Vibrio spp. would produce yellow or green colonies. The ability of hemolysis of Vibrio was blood agar media, the species was molecularly identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence, and the phylogenetic relationship of the Vibrio spp., was analyzed using MEGA X Neighbor-Joining program. Based on morphological analysis, we obtained 23 bacterial isolates suspected to be Vibrio spp. Two Isolates (L1K2 6 and L2K2 13) were positive for α-hemolysis activity and 4 isolates (L1K1 3, L2K1 8, L2K2 16, and L3K2 22) were positive for β-hemolysis activity. The molecular analysis involved 18 Vibrio species, and 4 of them represented the Vibrio genus and 14 species represented 97-99% similarity species in accordance with the 16S rRNA sequence in database, namely: Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio neocaledonicus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio azureus, Vibrio diabolicus, Vibrio tapetis, Vibrio natriegens, and Vibrio owensii. The most dominant number of Vibrio isolates was V. alginolyticus, while the lowest was V. owensii. The highest number of Vibrio species in green mussels was found in Goa Cemara beach while the lowest was in Kwaru beach. Vibrio spp bacteria found in green clams in coastal tourism areas in Yogyakarta have close phylogenetic relationships with other Vibrio in seafood in Indonesian coastal waters.

Download Full-text

Isolation of Probiotic Bacteria from Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Their Antagonistic Efficacy against Pathogenic Bacteria

Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ◽

10.9734/ajfar/2020/v6i330099 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-40

Author(s):

Moni Krishno Mohanta ◽

Preonty Mallick ◽

Md. Fazlul Haque ◽

Md. Ariful Hasan ◽

Ananda Kumar Saha

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Yellow Colour ◽

Enterococcus Spp ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Vibrio Spp ◽

Motile Bacteria

The probiotic bacteria isolated from prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii was studied for their morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as their antagonistic efficacy against pathogenic bacteria. A total of three probiotic bacteria viz. White Colour Bacteria (WCB), Red Colour Bacteria (RCB) and Yellow Colour Bacteria (YCB) were isolated from intestine of healthy prawn while three pathogenic bacteria viz. PB1, PB2 and PB3 were isolated from infected antennae and muscles of moribund prawn. Depending on their physical and biochemical features, the probiotic isolates were gram-positive, rod shaped and motile bacteria belonging to Bacillus spp. and the pathogenic bacteria were also identified as gram-negative, cocci shaped and motile bacteria fit in Enterococcus spp., Vibrio spp. and Micrococcus spp. The optimum culture conditions of all isolates were at pH 7.0 and 37°C temperature. Results on the antibiogram profile of pathogenic bacteria revealed that majority of the isolates were sensitive (43.58%) or intermediate (30.76%) against thirteen antibiotics. The probiotic bacterial antagonistic activities were tested against Enterococcus, Vibrio and Micrococcus spp.by cross-streak method. The results indicate that the strain of YCB showed inhibitory effects against Enterococcus spp. (5 mm), Vibrio spp. (5 mm) and Micrococcus spp. (3 mm). Similarly, WCB showed inhibitory effects against Enterococcus spp. (4 mm), Vibrio spp. (3 mm) and Micrococcus spp. (4 mm). RCB strains showed inhibition against Micrococcus spp. (3 mm) only, but not against Enterococcus spp. and Vibrio spp. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the isolated probiotic bacteria could be a good candidate to consider for further studies to control the pathogenic bacteria in prawn culture.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Antibiotics and Fluoride Toothpastes against Pathogenic Bacteria associated with Dental Caries

Abasyn Journal Life Sciences ◽

10.34091/ajls.1.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-10

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

E Coli ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

Vibrio Spp

Dental caries is the most contagious disease throughout the world. In the present study, a total of 100 dental caries patients were selected and samples from these patients were collected through sterile pincers for microbiological examination. A total of 9 different pathogenic bacterial isolates were identified through conventional culturing technique and among them maximum number of occurrence was by Salmonella spp (26.13%), followed by E. coli (17.39%), Proteus spp (17.39%), Shigella spp (8.69%), Pseudomonas spp (8.69%), Vibrio spp (8.69%), Enterobacter spp (4.34%), Yersinia spp (4.34%) and S. mutans (4.34%). Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by 9 different commercially available antibiotics i.e. vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, rifampicin, ampicillin, ticarcillin and metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used against test organisms and it was observed that all these antibiotics expressed significant activity against greater part of test organisms but few of them showed resistance to metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. In addition to this, different toothpastes encoded as TP-1, TP-2, TP-3, TP-4 and TP-5 were used at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in order to evaluate their activity against test organisms and it was observed that all these toothpastes showed significant activity against isolated bacteria. It was concluded that all these toothpastes contained fluoride which supports to avoid tooth decay and promote minty fresh breath. Furthermore, it was recommended that avoid usage of too much sweets, chocolates, candies especially in children/adults, and there must be a proper use of toothpastes twice a day at every stage of life. Keywords: Dental Caries, Pathogenic Bacteria, Antibiotics, Fluoride Toothpastes

Download Full-text

VERIFICATION OF THE METHOD OF ISOLATION OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS FROM SEA FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS

Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology ◽

10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.201902005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 138-143

Author(s):

I. M. Nityaga ◽

◽

B. V. Usha ◽

O. V. Prostova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Marine Fish ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Fish Products ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Retail Chains ◽

Sea Fish ◽

Vibrio Spp

Analysis of microbiological safety of fish and fish products involves the assessment of the presence of a number of pathogenic bacteria in these products. One of these important bacteria is Vibrio parahaemolyticus – a gram-negative halophilic bacilus found in warm sea waters. The aim of this work was to verify the method of isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from marine fish and fish products, as well as to study the presence of Vibrio samples of fish products from large retail chains. Verification of the method of detection of parahemolytic Vibrio from fish and fish products was carried out in accordance with GOST ISO/TS 21872-2-2013 "Microbiology of food and animal feed. Horizontal method for detection of potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio spp. Part 2. "Detection of bacteria species differs from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae". As a result of the performed studies, the reliability of this method of detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on artificially contaminated samples was established. During monitoring fish products, parahemolytic vibrio was not detected.

Download Full-text