scholarly journals GDF15 Concentrations in Maternal Serum Associated with Vomiting in Pregnancy: the Cambridge Baby Growth Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive J. Petry ◽  
Ken K. Ong ◽  
Keith A. Burling ◽  
Peter Barker ◽  
John R.B. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractNausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) affects 70-90% of all pregnant women but its pathogenesis is unknown. Growth and Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), secreted from the trophoblast and decidual stromal cells, is present at high levels in the blood of pregnant women. The receptor for GDF15 has recently been identified and is specifically expressed in the hindbrain where it transmits aversive signals including nausea and conditioned taste aversion. We explored the relationship between GDF15 concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy and self-reported NVP. In a study of 791 women from the Cambridge Baby Growth Study maternal GDF15 concentrations were higher in women who reported vomiting in the 2nd trimester (geometric mean: 11,670 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval: 11,056-12,318) and were even higher in the eleven women who reported taking anti-emetics during pregnancy (13,376 (10,821-16,535) compared to those who reported no nausea or vomiting during pregnancy (10,657 (10,121-11,222); P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively, adjusted for gestational age at sampling and maternal BMI). In conclusion serum GDF15 concentrations early in the second trimester of pregnancy are significantly and positively associated with second trimester vomiting and with maternal anti-emetic use. In the context of the recently revealed biology of GDF15 this data suggests that antagonism of GDF15 may have some potential for therapeutic benefit in NVP.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL SUPPORT WITH THE DEGREE OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN PREGNANCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Cempaka Yudithia Junandar ◽  
Ivon Diah Wittiarika ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background : At the beginning of a pregnancy the mother experiences various processes of transition or adaptation regarding changes in herself, so that she really needs support from her environment. Lack of social support can worsen the physiological complaints of pregnant women including Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy (NVP). Complaints of nausea and vomiting can affect the mother in carrying out daily activities, affect the mother's social situation with the environment and cause stress. Therefore, it is important to research the relationship between social support and the degree of nausea and vomiting in first and second-trimester pregnant women. Method : This research method is observational analytic with cross sectional research design. Sampling used the total sampling method with the criteria of pregnant women who had complaints of nausea and vomiting. Collecting data using primary data using a 24-hour PUQE questionnaire that measures the duration and frequency of nausea and vomiting and the MSPSS questionnaire measuring social support. The data collected were analyzed using the Spearman test (p<0.15). Results : Out of 47 respondents, 34 pregnant women (72.3%) received high social support. Besides that, 24 out of 47 respondents (51.1%) experienced moderate degree of NVP. In this study, there were no respondents who experienced severe degree of NVP. Spearman test analysis results obtained p= 0.833 or p>0.15. Conclusion : There is no relationship between social support with NVP in first and second trimester of pregnancy. 

scholarly journals Interactions between Vitamin D Status, Calcium Intake and Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations in Healthy White-Skinned Pregnant Women at Northern Latitude

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hemmingway ◽  
Karen O’Callaghan ◽  
Áine Hennessy ◽  
George Hull ◽  
Kevin Cashman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Adverse effects of low vitamin D status and calcium intakes in pregnancy may be mediated through functional effects on the calcium metabolic system. Little explored in pregnancy, we aimed to examine the relative importance of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and calcium intake on parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in healthy white-skinned pregnant women. This cross-sectional analysis included 142 participants (14 ± 2 weeks’ gestation) at baseline of a vitamin D intervention trial at 51.9 °N. Serum 25(OH)D, PTH, and albumin-corrected calcium were quantified biochemically. Total vitamin D and calcium intakes (diet and supplements) were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The mean ± SD vitamin D intake was 10.7 ± 5.2 μg/day. With a mean ± SD serum 25(OH)D of 54.9 ± 22.6 nmol/L, 44% of women were <50 nmol/L and 13% <30 nmol/L. Calcium intakes (mean ± SD) were 1182 ± 488 mg/day and 23% of participants consumed <800 mg/day. The mean ± SD serum albumin-adjusted calcium was 2.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L and geometric mean (95% CI) PTH was 9.2 (8.4, 10.2) pg/mL. PTH was inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = −0.311, p < 0.001), but not with calcium intake or serum calcium (r = −0.087 and 0.057, respectively, both p > 0.05). Analysis of variance showed that while serum 25(OH)D (dichotomised at 50 nmol/L) had a significant effect on PTH (p = 0.025), calcium intake (<800, 800–1000, ≥1000 mg/day) had no effect (p = 0.822). There was no 25(OH)D-calcium intake interaction effect on PTH (p = 0.941). In this group of white-skinned women with largely sufficient calcium intakes, serum 25(OH)D was important for maintaining normal PTH concentration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Down Syndrome Biochemical Markers on Predicting Severity of Preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYSE OZBAN
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Second Trimester Screening ◽  
Trimester Screening

Abstract Objective: This study aims to determine whether it is possible to predict preeclampsia by comparing postpartum results and test results of the pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia, whose first and/or second trimester screening tests were accessible, and to demonstrate the predictability of severity and week of onset.Background: 204 patients underwent renal transplantation in our center and 84 of them were female. Five of our patients (one of them had two births) gave birth to a total of 6 pregnancies.Method: 135 patients were diagnosed with preeclampsia and their first and/or second trimester screening tests were accessible, and 366 control participants gave birth to a healthy baby between 37-41 weeks after standard follow-up period for pregnancy and their screening tests were also accessible.Results: The study results show that the first trimester maternal serum PAPP-A level is significantly low in preeclamptic pregnant women, and that the second trimester maternal serum AFP and hCG levels are significantly high and uE3 levels are significantly low The results also suggest that the first and second trimester Down syndrome biochemical markers can be used in preeclampsia screening.Conclusion: Among these markers, uE3 is the parameter which affects the possibility of preeclampsia the most. However, the first and second trimester Down syndrome biochemical markers are not effective in predicting the severity and onset week of preeclampsia.

Relation between maternal weight and serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration during the second trimester.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Haddow ◽  
E M Kloza ◽  
G J Knight ◽  
D E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Clinical Interest

Abstract Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations are influenced by maternal weight during the second trimester. Heavier pregnant women have lower median values, apparently as a result of a diluting effect of larger blood volume. This phenomenon is of clinical interest because alpha-fetoprotein concentration in a pregnant woman's serum is one of the factors considered in assessing risk of poor outcome. A revision of the reference interval for alpha-fetoprotein to take body weight into account might improve its use as a diagnostic aid, especially in heavier women.

scholarly journals Determining fetal sex in pregnancy with reference to pregnant women behavior in late pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
Dorota Robak-Chołubek ◽  
Gustaw Chołubek ◽  
Ewa Piróg
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emotional Level ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction. Pregnant women often create their own image of a child. The ultrasound is able to model and modify this picture. The image of the unborn child develops along with the process of creating the space for the baby on the psychological and emotional level and is continued after the delivery. Aim. The authors of the study made an attempt to evaluate the influence of fetal sex determination during ultrasound in pregnancy on emotional and ‘practical’ experiencing late pregnancy - after the 28th week of its duration. Material and methods. The study included 200 pregnant women. Qualification criteria for the research was the declared awareness of fetal sex confirmed by ultrasound. Among others, factors influencing decision to determine fetal sex, emotional bond with the unborn child after identifying the sex, as well as preparation for birth regarding prognosticated sex were assessed. Results. Nearly all pregnant women wanted to find out the fetal sex, usually claiming that they did so out of curiosity. After they did it, about 2/3 of them stated that the emotional bond with the baby increased and the vast majority of women started preparing layettes for their future babies. Conclusions. Determination of fetal sex during ultrasound improves the relationship between the mother and her future baby. It also enables the woman to prepare for childbirth considering its sex by the purchase of clothes, pram and preparation of layette or baby’s room

scholarly journals Maternal Serum Melatonin Increases During Pregnancy and Falls Immediately After Delivery Implicating the Placenta as a Major Source of Melatonin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Ejaz ◽  
Juliana K. Figaro ◽  
Andrea M. F. Woolner ◽  
Bensita M. V. Thottakam ◽  
Helen F. Galley
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone which regulates circadian rhythm and is also an antioxidant. The role of melatonin in pregnancy is emerging. The enzymes needed for endogenous synthesis of melatonin have been identified in the placenta, although the contribution to circulating maternal melatonin in normal pregnancy is unclear. This work aimed to determine serum levels of melatonin and its major metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS) in normal pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy, and immediately after delivery. Blood samples were obtained from a cohort of healthy pregnant women during each trimester of pregnancy (n = 26), from women scheduled for elective Cesarean section (CS) before and after delivery (n = 15), along with placental samples, and from healthy non-pregnant women as controls (n = 30). Melatonin and its major metabolite, 6-OHMS, were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Levels of serum melatonin were significantly higher during pregnancy than in non-pregnant women (P = 0.025) and increased throughout pregnancy (P &lt; 0.0001). In women undergoing CS, serum melatonin decreased markedly 24 h after delivery (P = 0.0013). Similar results were seen for serum levels of 6-OHMS, and placental tissue 6-OHMS levels correlated with week of gestation at delivery (p = 0.018). In summary, maternal melatonin production is higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women, increases significantly during pregnancy with highest levels in the third trimester, and decreases abruptly after delivery. These results suggest that the placenta is a major source of melatonin and supports a physiological role for melatonin in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Immunologic Studies of Hemoglobins

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD L. RUCKNAGEL ◽  
AMOZ I. CHERNOFF
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Changes in the concentration of fetal hemoglobin in maternal blood during pregnancy and after delivery were studied in 91 pregnant women. Significant elevations of fetal hemoglobin were detected in the blood of ten women during the second trimester of pregnancy; these values fell toward normal during the ensuing pregnancy and post partum periods. In no instance could a rise in fetal hemoglobin be detected after delivery. The significance of these observations is discussed; it is suggested that acute hormonal changes early in pregnancy may be responsible for the reactivation of a fetal erythropoietic anlage with the resultant production by the mother of erythrocytes containing fetal hemoglobin. The method used was not sensitive enough, however, to detect minute amounts of fetal blood which may have crossed the placental barrier.

scholarly journals PO 8502 DETERMINANTS AND PREVALENCE OF PARASITE RESISTANCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN RECEIVING IPTP WITH SULPHADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A46.3-A47
Author(s):  
Atinuke Olaleye ◽  
Noblefather Uyaiabasi ◽  
Charles Elikwu ◽  
Oladapo Walker
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine ◽  
In Pregnancy

BackgroundMalaria in pregnancy carries a risk of significant adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) is advocated to reduce its occurrence, but resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is being reported. This study aims to describe the burden of SP resistance and determinants of its occurrence among pregnant women receiving IPTp in Nigeria.MethodsA prospective observational study is to be conducted in Ogun State over 24 months. Pregnant women 16–28 weeks gestation meeting the eligibility criteria are being enrolled; blood samples are taken for analysis pre- and post- IPTp-SP administration at scheduled intervals. Microscopy-confirmed parasitaemic samples will be analysed using PCR to detect drug resistance markers (pfdhfr and pfdhps). Participants will be followed up until 28 days post-delivery and assessed for maternal and foetal outcomes (anaemia, low birth weight, preterm delivery, placental parasitaemia, stillbirth, neonatal death). The primary endpoint is the prevalence of the SP resistance gene markers. Secondary endpoints include the prevalence of peripheral and placental parasitaemia at delivery; incidence of maternal and newborn morbidity; parasitaemia pre-IPTp and day 28 post-IPTp; risk factors for SP resistance and haemoglobin changes at delivery.ResultsFollowing statistical analysis with STATA 14, results will be displayed in appropriate formats. Geometric mean parasite densities with 95% confidence intervals will be calculated, and proportions compared using the t-test, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate. Multivariate analysis including logistic regression models will be used to test for associations between maternal characteristics and SP resistance. Level of significance will be set at p<0.05.ConclusionIn a malaria-endemic country like Nigeria with a large at-risk population, information on the effectiveness of chemoprevention is essential. Determining the proportion and extent of relevant molecular markers within the population offers an invaluable tool for epidemiological surveillance of SP resistance within this endemic setting.

scholarly journals Role of pregnancy and female sex steroids on aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture: a systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milli Desai ◽  
Arvin R. Wali ◽  
Harjus S. Birk ◽  
David R. Santiago-Dieppa ◽  
Alexander A. Khalessi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysm ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

OBJECTIVEWomen have been shown to have a higher risk of cerebral aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture than men. The authors present a review of the recently published neurosurgical literature that studies the role of pregnancy and female sex steroids, to provide a conceptual framework with which to understand the various risk factors associated with cerebral aneurysms in women at different stages in their lives.METHODSThe PubMed database was searched for “(“intracranial” OR “cerebral”) AND “aneurysm” AND (“pregnancy” OR “estrogen” OR “progesterone”)” between January 1980 and February 2019. A total of 392 articles were initially identified, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 papers were selected for review and analysis. These papers were then divided into two categories: 1) epidemiological studies about the formation, growth, rupture, and management of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy; and 2) investigations on female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms (animal studies and epidemiological studies).RESULTSThe 20 articles presented in this study include 7 epidemiological articles on pregnancy and cerebral aneurysms, 3 articles reporting case series of cerebral aneurysms treated by endovascular therapies in pregnancy, 3 epidemiological articles reporting the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms through retrospective case-control studies, and 7 experimental studies using animal and/or cell models to understand the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms. The studies in this review report similar risk of aneurysm rupture in pregnant women compared to the general population. Most ruptured aneurysms in pregnancy occur during the 3rd trimester, and most pregnant women who present with cerebral aneurysm have caesarean section deliveries. Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy is shown to provide a new and safe form of therapy for these cases. Epidemiological studies of postmenopausal women show that estrogen hormone therapy and later age at menopause are associated with a lower risk of cerebral aneurysm than in matched controls. Experimental studies in animal models corroborate this epidemiological finding; estrogen deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which may predispose to the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms, while exogenous estrogen treatment in this population may lower this risk.CONCLUSIONSThe aim of this work is to equip the neurosurgical and obstetrical/gynecological readership with the tools to better understand, critique, and apply findings from research on sex differences in cerebral aneurysms.

RELATIONSHIP OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AND BLOOD FLOW IN THE UMBILICAL ARTERY DURING EXCERVATION OF MONO- AND MIXT-CYTOMEGALOVIRAL INFECTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Andrievskaya ◽  
A Milovanov ◽  
Igor Gorikov ◽  
Inna Dovzhikova ◽  
Nataliya Ishutina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In order to determine the role of a cytokine in the regulation of blood supply to the placenta, the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and blood flow in the umbilical artery in healthy pregnant women and during pregnancy complicated by exacerbation of mono- and mixed cytomegalovirus infection in the second trimester was studied

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