Effect of fosfomycin,Cynara scolymusextract, deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets

AbstractIntestinal health of weaning piglets was studied after oral treatments with fosfomycin (FOS),Cynara scolymusextract (CSE), deoxynivalenol (DON) and their combinations. Piglets were divided in groups and received different treatments during 15 days, namely DON (1mg/kg of feed), FOS administered into the drinking water (30 mg/kg b.w.), CSE (300 g/ton of feed) and all possible combinations including a control group that received clean balanced diet. At day 15, three piglets from each group were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate pH, bacteriology (enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria), volatile fatty acids concentration (VFAs), disaccharidases activity (lactase, sucrase and maltase), histology (intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and adherence of bacteria to intestinal mucus. Animals receiving FOS and CSE treatments exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared to animals receiving diets free from these compounds. This was revealed by a lower enterobacteria population together with a lower E/L, an enhanced production of butyric acid, an increased enzymatic activity (particularly maltase), and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal mucus. Interactions between both treatments resulted in similar beneficial effects as their individual administration. On the contrary, DON produced detrimental effects on intestinal health as a decrease was observed on volatile fatty acids production, enzymatic activity and goblet cells count in animals receiving diets containing sub- toxic concentrations of this mycotoxin. The knowledge of the intestinal effects of these compounds contributes to understand the physiological and pathological gut changes and their potential productive consequences.

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EFFECTS OF DIETARY SODIUM MONENSIN ON THE METABOLIC AND HORMONAL PROFILES OF DAIRY GOATS DURING THE PERIPARTUM PERIOD

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v19e-51453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cleyber José Trindade de Fátima ◽

Carla Lopes de Mendonça ◽

Adony Querubino de Andrade Neto ◽

Adalberto Freire do Nascimento Júnior ◽

Sergio Peres Ramos da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Chloride Content ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Control Group ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Hormonal Profiles ◽

Peripartum Period

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the energetic and hormonal profiles of dairy goats fed diets supplemented with monensin during the peripartum period. Eleven pregnant Saanen goats were subdivided into two random groups, a control group (GC) and the monensin group (MG). The MG group received 40 mg sodium monensin per animal per day for 15 days before partum and throughout the subsequent experimental period. Clinical observations and sample collection were performed at 30, 15, and 7 days before birth; on the day of partum; and at 5, 15, and 30 days after birth. The following biochemical and hormonal profile variables analyzed were: cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, and insulin. The ruminal fluid pH, chloride content, and volatile fatty acids were also measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Pearson's correlation. At partum, the MG group had lower values of NEFAs and lower acetate/propionate ratio. MG had higher triglycerides during the entire experiment period. The administration of monensin generated benefits in terms of energy parameters, improving the metabolic status of the dairy goats during peripartum.

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Enhanced production of volatile fatty acids by adding a kind of sulfate reducing bacteria under alkaline pH

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 195 ◽

pp. 111249

Author(s):

Guangzhi Wang ◽

Dongdong Wang ◽

Likun Huang ◽

Yanmei Song ◽

Zhiqiang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Sulfate Reducing ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Reducing Bacteria

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Study of Scar Content in Cows When Using Carbohydrate-Vitamin-Mineral Concentrate «LS»

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 2241-2243

Author(s):

Damir D. Hairullin ◽

Farit F. Zinnatov ◽

Shamil K. Shakirov ◽

Sergey Yu. Smolentsev ◽

Radiy M. Papaev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Control Group ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

The Cost

Scientific studies of feeding dairy cattle prove that it is most rational to balance rations according to standardized nutrition indicators due to concentrates, which contain all the necessary nutrients in the main diet, consisting of bulky feed (succulent and rough). The advantage of using protein supplements in the feeding of farm animals is that there is no need for oncoming transport of grain fodder and animal feed, which significantly reduces the cost of livestock production. The digestive apparatus of ruminants, due to the presence of pre-stomachs, is adapted to the absorption and digestion of a large number of coarse plant foods. The main feature of the processes of digestion of ruminants is that the food eaten by animals is exposed to microorganisms in the rumen. Ammonium and other nitrogenous compounds are an accessible form of nitrogen for organisms from which a microbial protein is synthesized in a rumen. This protein and unsplit protein feed are sources of coverage of the amino acid needs of the animal. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the metabolic processes in the rumen of ruminants. To study the effect of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate «LS», 2 groups of animals were formed with 8 animals each. The contents were investigated: pH, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) - butyric, propionic and acetic; the total number of microorganisms and number of ciliates. The introduction of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate «LS» in the diets of dairy cows for 30 days contributed to an increase in the name of bacteria by 3.3±3.4% and protozoa by 6.7±4.1%. In the cicatricialcontent of the experimental groups, the number of volatile fatty acids increased by 12.4±2.4% and propionic and butyric acids by 3.4±3.1 and 5.7±2.7% in relation to the control group of cows

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Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate Improves Intestinal Health by Modulating Its Development and Microbiota in Weaned Rabbits

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.579006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Chen ◽

Shuaishuai Hu ◽

Jiali Li ◽

Bohao Zhao ◽

Naisu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Intestinal Environment ◽

The Impact

Intestinal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and agricultural animals, especially newborns and weaned animals. Preventive treatments that help weaned animals maintain homeostasis and balance the hindgut microbial populations are desirable. The present study aimed to explore the impact of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on the intestinal health by analyzing the intestinal environment, morphology, expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), and flora of weaned rabbits. A total of 300 New Zealand weaned rabbits were randomly divided into the following five treatment groups for a 35-day feed trial: control group (basal diet), bacitracin zinc (BZ) group (50 mg/kg BZ), BMDa group (100 mg/kg BMD), BMDb group (50 mg/kg BMD), and BMDc group (rabbits fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg BMD). In each treatment group, 28 rabbits were slaughtered for experimental analysis. The results showed that the supplementation of BMD increased the environmental acidity of the cecum of the weaned rabbits and reduced the ammonia-nitrogen concentration, which was beneficial to the survival of useful bacteria in the intestine. The morphology analysis of the duodenum using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the villus length, villus/crypt ratio, and intestinal wall thickness increased in the BMD group, thereby improving the structure of the duodenum and the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction test showed that PGRPs (especially PGLYRP-1 and PGLYRP-2) in the intestinal had an antagonistic effect with BMD in the process of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, resulting in their decreased expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, through 16S rRNA sequencing in the cecal content, the abundance of the predominant phyla in the BMDa and BZ groups was found to be the closest. The abundance of the genera Lachnospira, Erysipelotrichaceae (p-75-a5), Paraprevotellaceae (YRC22), Mogibacterium, Peptococcaceae (rc4-4), Anaerovibrio, Succinivibrio, and Sphaerochaeta increased in the BMDa and BZ groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Alistipes, Sedimentibacter, and Dorea significantly increased only in the BMDa group (P < 0.05). Conclusively, BMD, as well as microbes, improved the intestinal environment and structure to maintain the intestinal health of weaned rabbits.

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Ruminal acidosis in local bucks fed on al-zahdydates

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v30i2.814 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 31-45

Author(s):

Laiby A. K.

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Dark Green ◽

Loss Of Appetite

Ruminal acidosis was induced experimentally in local bucks fed onAL-zahdy dates at 20 and 40 g/kg B.W. daily. Two groups of five animalseach beside another group of five animals as a control reseved 20g/kg B.W.of concentrates beside green roughage. One animal from each group wassurgically provided with ruminal fistula. The experiments lasted for fourweeks during which the animals examined clinically daily, and ruminal fluidand blood samples were collected weekly.The results showed that theanimals in the two experimental groups show significant rise in the means ofrespiratory and pulse rates,but not in body temperature.The ruminalcontractions ranged between weak and reduced in the 1st experiment totemporary loss of contractions in the 2nd experiment. All experimental goatsmanifested weakness, depression, loss of appetite, however, temporaryrecumbency was noticed in the goats of the 2nd experiment. The color of theruminal fluid was light to dark green in the control group while theexperimental groups showed light to dark brown color .The pH reached it'slowest levels, and the number and activity of the microflor altered afteramount of feeding on dates in the experimental groups to become reduced ordead after six and five hours respectively. The positive to negative bacterialratio changed in the experimental groups. The level of volatile fatty acids,lactic acid concentrations and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen increased.Also the experimental animals showed biochemical changes in all bloodparameters. Feeding of bucks on 20 g/kg B.W.of Al-Zahdy dates dailycaused a simple form of ruminal acidosis, while 40 g/kg B.W.of dates dailycaused the subacute form of acidosis.

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Engineering Trichosporon oleaginosus for enhanced production of lipid from volatile fatty acids as carbon source

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s11814-018-0229-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 903-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kyungsoo Lee ◽

Yong Jae Lee ◽

Ho Nam Chang ◽

Ki Jun Jeong

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Enhanced Production

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Effects of plants containing secondary metabolites as feed additives on rumen metabolites and methanogen diversity of buffaloes

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15596 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 472 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Samal ◽

L. C. Chaudhary ◽

N. Agarwal ◽

D. N. Kamra

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Pooled Samples

Four fistulated adult Murrah buffaloes were fed on a basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrate mixture in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effects of feeding plants containing secondary metabolites on rumen metabolites and methanogen diversity. The four groups were Control (no additive), Mix-1 (ajwain oil and lemon grass oil in a 1 : 1 ratio @ 0.05% of dry matter intake), Mix-2 (garlic and soapnut in a 2 : 1 ratio @ 2% of dry matter intake) and Mix-3 (garlic, soapnut, harad and ajwain in a 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio @ 1% of dry matter intake). In each phase of 30 days’ duration, after 19 days of feeding, rumen liquor was sampled for two consecutive days at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post-feeding, whereas rumen content was sampled at 0 h feeding. The pH of the rumen liquor was recorded at every collection and then the rumen liquor of every collection was pooled day-wise and animal-wise. These pooled samples were used for estimation of rumen metabolites like ammonia, lactic acid and volatile fatty acids. Microscopic counting of protozoa was done in both 0 h and pooled samples of rumen liquor. Rumen contents collected from different locations of rumen were processed for enzyme estimation. The rumen contents were squeezed and the liquid portion was used for DNA isolation, which was further processed to determine methanogen diversity. Daily intake of feed was similar (P > 0.05) in all the four groups. The ammonia-N concentration and ciliate protozoa population were reduced significantly in the treatment groups supplemented with additives. Rumen pH, lactic acid, volatile fatty acids and enzyme activities were not affected (P > 0.05) by feeding of any of these additives. Methanogenic diversity comparison was made between the Control and Mix-1 group. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis of the 133 (44 from the Control group and 89 from the Mix-1 group) sequences showed similarity of the sequences of rumen archaea by up to 97% to the known sequences of rumen methanogens. The sequences with minimum length of 750 bp were selected for phylogenetic analysis. Per cent identity of these sequences with that of the available nearest neighbour as calculated by MEGA 5.03 software showed identity of the clones in the range of 88–97%. The clones were similar with Methanobrevibacter smithii ATCC 35061, uncultured Methanobrevibacter sp. clone MEME95 and M. ruminantium M1. Overall, feeding of any of these feed additives to fistulated buffaloes did not affect feed intake, rumen pH, or rumen metabolites except ammonia and enzyme profile. Methanogen diversity showed the possibility of Methanobrevibacter as the major methanogen in buffalo rumen liquor.

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Biological and productive parameters of ruminants fed by the complex of feed additive

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2018.2018.14569 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Н. Боголюбова ◽

В. Романов ◽

В. Короткий

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Control Period ◽

High Energy ◽

Amylolytic Activity ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Blood Protein ◽

Control Group

Проведены физиологический и научно-производственный эксперименты в условиях физиологического двора ФГБНУ «ФНЦ ВИЖ им. Л. К. Эрнста». Первый — методом групп-периодов (в контрольный период животные получали основной рацион, в опытный — хвойно-энергетическую добавку из расчёта 2,5 мл на 10 кг живой массы), второй эксперимент — на двух группах (контрольной и опытной) бычков по той же схеме. При проведении эксперимента изучали показатели рубцового пищеварения (рН, общее количество летучих жирных кислот, концентрацию аммонийного азота, амилолитическую активность, содержание биомассы простейших и бактерий), биохимические и клинические показатели, среднесуточный и валовой прирост живой массы. Включаемая в состав рациона питания подопытных овец энерго-витаминно-минеральная добавка оказывала благотворное действие на микробиологические и ферментативные процессы в преджелудках, проявляющееся в повышении содержания общей микробной массы, образования летучих жирных кислот — на 0,25‒1,13 мМоль/100 мл, амилолитической активности рубцовой жидкости — на 3,27 Е/мл (Р < 0,05). Отмечалось большее общее количество переваренных питательных веществ и коэффициенты переваримости сухого и органического вещества, сырого протеина, сырого жира — на 6,9 абс.% (Р < 0,05), сырой клетчатки — на 2,5 абс.%. Анализ биохимических показателей крови овец выявил улучшение состояния белкового обмена в организме животных в опытный период, на что указывает повышение концентрации общего белка в крови на 14,1% (Р < 0,05), повышение концентрации альбуминов — на 32,8% (Р <0,05) и альбумино-глобулинового соотношения. У ярок в опытный период отмечали повышение концентрации глюкозы в крови на 11,4%. Среднесуточный прирост бычков опытной групп был на 6,3% выше, чем в контроле. To test their physiological parameters ruminants consumed the basic diet in the control period while in the experimental one they received high-energy supplement from needle leaves. Farm experiment took place on control and experimental groups of male calves by the same scheme. Experiment tested ruminal digestion (рН, total amount of volatile fatty acids, ammonium nitrogen content, amylolytic activity, protist and bacterium concentration), biochemical and clinical parameters, average daily and gross weight gain. Energy-vitamin-mineral supplements positively affected microbiological and enzymatic processes in forestomach, increasing total microbial mass, production of volatile fatty acids — by 0.25‒1.13 mmol/100 ml, amylolytic activity of ruminal fluid — by 3.27 U/ml (Р < 0,05). Higher values were obtained for total amount of digested nutrients and digestion coefficients of dry, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat — by 6.9 % (Р < 0,05), crude fiber — by 2.5 %. Sheep blood biochemical characteristics showed improved protein metabolism during the experimental period, leading to higher concentration of total blood protein by 14.1% (Р < 0,05), albumins — by 32.8% (Р <0,05) and albumin/globulin ratio. Gimmers showed higher concentration of blood glucose by 11.4%. Average daily weight gain of male calves exceeded the control group by 6.3%.

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Effect of ileo-rectal anastomosis and post-valve T-caecum cannulation on growing pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19920086 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 293-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

T. KÖhler ◽

R. Mosenthin ◽

M. W. A. Verstegen ◽

J. Huisman ◽

L. A. Den Hartog ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Diaminopimelic Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Rectal Anastomosis ◽

N Retention

The effects of post-valve T-caecum (PVTC) cannulation and end-to-side ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA) on growth performance, nitrogen retention and intestinal fermentation were measured in growing pigs by comparison with a control group of intact animals. There were no differences between PVTC-pigs and intact pigs in growth performance and N balance. In IRA-animals reduced growth (P < 0.01), less efficient feed conversion (P < 0.01) and decreased N retention (P < 0.001) were found. Indices of fermentation measured in deal digesta of PVTC- and IRA-pigs were considerably different. In IRA-animals the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was about 112–162 mmol/l, higher (P < 0.001) than in digesta of PVTC-pigs (20–31 mmol/l). The molar proportions of acetate and propionate depended (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively) on the digesta-collection technique. Concentrations and ratios of VFA measured in PVTC-pigs were similar to reported values. Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) concentration and N:DAPA ratios measured in digesta were significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively) different between treatments. All digesta variables measured showed increased microbial activity in digesta of IRA-pigs; thus, an influence on digestibility measurement can be assumed.

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