scholarly journals Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate Improves Intestinal Health by Modulating Its Development and Microbiota in Weaned Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Shuaishuai Hu ◽  
Jiali Li ◽  
Bohao Zhao ◽  
Naisu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Intestinal Environment ◽  
The Impact

Intestinal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and agricultural animals, especially newborns and weaned animals. Preventive treatments that help weaned animals maintain homeostasis and balance the hindgut microbial populations are desirable. The present study aimed to explore the impact of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on the intestinal health by analyzing the intestinal environment, morphology, expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), and flora of weaned rabbits. A total of 300 New Zealand weaned rabbits were randomly divided into the following five treatment groups for a 35-day feed trial: control group (basal diet), bacitracin zinc (BZ) group (50 mg/kg BZ), BMDa group (100 mg/kg BMD), BMDb group (50 mg/kg BMD), and BMDc group (rabbits fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg BMD). In each treatment group, 28 rabbits were slaughtered for experimental analysis. The results showed that the supplementation of BMD increased the environmental acidity of the cecum of the weaned rabbits and reduced the ammonia-nitrogen concentration, which was beneficial to the survival of useful bacteria in the intestine. The morphology analysis of the duodenum using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the villus length, villus/crypt ratio, and intestinal wall thickness increased in the BMD group, thereby improving the structure of the duodenum and the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction test showed that PGRPs (especially PGLYRP-1 and PGLYRP-2) in the intestinal had an antagonistic effect with BMD in the process of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, resulting in their decreased expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, through 16S rRNA sequencing in the cecal content, the abundance of the predominant phyla in the BMDa and BZ groups was found to be the closest. The abundance of the genera Lachnospira, Erysipelotrichaceae (p-75-a5), Paraprevotellaceae (YRC22), Mogibacterium, Peptococcaceae (rc4-4), Anaerovibrio, Succinivibrio, and Sphaerochaeta increased in the BMDa and BZ groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Alistipes, Sedimentibacter, and Dorea significantly increased only in the BMDa group (P < 0.05). Conclusively, BMD, as well as microbes, improved the intestinal environment and structure to maintain the intestinal health of weaned rabbits.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Effect of fosfomycin,Cynara scolymusextract, deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Martínez ◽  
Susana N. Diéguez ◽  
María B. Fernández Paggi ◽  
María B. Riccio ◽  
Denisa S. Pérez Gaudio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Enhanced Production

AbstractIntestinal health of weaning piglets was studied after oral treatments with fosfomycin (FOS),Cynara scolymusextract (CSE), deoxynivalenol (DON) and their combinations. Piglets were divided in groups and received different treatments during 15 days, namely DON (1mg/kg of feed), FOS administered into the drinking water (30 mg/kg b.w.), CSE (300 g/ton of feed) and all possible combinations including a control group that received clean balanced diet. At day 15, three piglets from each group were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate pH, bacteriology (enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria), volatile fatty acids concentration (VFAs), disaccharidases activity (lactase, sucrase and maltase), histology (intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and adherence of bacteria to intestinal mucus. Animals receiving FOS and CSE treatments exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared to animals receiving diets free from these compounds. This was revealed by a lower enterobacteria population together with a lower E/L, an enhanced production of butyric acid, an increased enzymatic activity (particularly maltase), and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal mucus. Interactions between both treatments resulted in similar beneficial effects as their individual administration. On the contrary, DON produced detrimental effects on intestinal health as a decrease was observed on volatile fatty acids production, enzymatic activity and goblet cells count in animals receiving diets containing sub- toxic concentrations of this mycotoxin. The knowledge of the intestinal effects of these compounds contributes to understand the physiological and pathological gut changes and their potential productive consequences.

PSIV-B-22 Comparative effects of nanoparticle-selenium, selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite antagonize cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in chicken (Gallus gallus) via modulating AHR/CAR/PXR/Nrf2 pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Jing Ge ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Jinlong Li
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Phase I Metabolism ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Selenium (Se), a nutritionally essential mineral for human and animals, has a significant antagonistic effect on heavy metal cadmium (Cd) biotoxicity. Still, the impact of different Se source on alleviating Cd toxicity has received only limited attention. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to assess the mitigation level of Cd-induced cardiotoxicity by different sources such as nanoparticles of selenium (Nano-Se), selenium-rich yeast (SY) and sodium selenite (SS). Two hundred of male, 1-day old Hy-Line Variety White chickens were randomly, equally divided into five groups (n = 25). These chicken groups were assigned to (1) basal diet (Con), (2) 140 mg/kg CdCl[2] of basal diet Cd (Cd), (3) 1 mg/kg Nano-Se plus 140 mg/kg CdCl[2] of basal diet (Nano-Se + Cd), (4) 3 mg/kg selenium-enriched yeast plus 140 mg/kg CdCl[2] of basal diet (SY + Cd group), and (5) 3 mg/kg sodium selenite plus 140 mg/kg CdCl[2] of basal diet (SS+ Cd group). The results evidenced that presence of Cd led to a significant increase in biochemical parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), as well as histopathological lesions in the heart of chickens. Cd exposure also resulted in more extensive effects on phase I metabolism enzymes and transcript CYP isoforms, elevated the levels of MDA and H[2]O[2] and depressed total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), Cu-Zn SOD, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activities. The expression of nuclear receptors (NRs), AHR, CAR and PXR was declined, down-regulated Nrf2 and its downstream targets in the Cd-treat group. Notably, Se sources application alleviated Cd toxicity by triggering AHR/CAR/PXR/Nrf2 signaling pathway to promote restoring antioxidant defense system and phase I metabolism enzymes system. However, when compared the effectiveness of antagonism, the Nano-Se was superior in relieving Cd-induced cardiotoxicity via AHR/CAR/PXR/Nrf2 pathway activation than other Se- sources.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dietary Grape Seed Meal on Healthy and Aflatoxin B1 Afflicted Microbiota of Pigs after Weaning

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulian A. Grosu ◽  
Gina C. Pistol ◽  
Ionelia Taranu ◽  
Daniela E. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the effect of grape seed (GS) meal, aflatoxin (AFB1), or their combination on the large intestine microbiota of weanling piglets. Twenty-four piglets were allocated into four groups based on diet composition: (1) Control group; (2) AFB1 (320 g/kg feed) group; (3) GS group (8% inclusion in the diet); (4) AFB1 + GS group. After 30 days of experiment, the colon content was used for microbiota analyses; after isolation of total bacterial genomic DNA, V3/V4 regions of the 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The raw sequences were analyzed using the v.1.9.1 QIIME pipeline software. 157 numbers of OTUs were identified among all four dietary groups with 26 of them being prevalent above 0.05% in the total relative abundance. GS and AFB1 increase the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, while decreasing the Firmicutes abundance in a synergic manner as compared with the individual treatments. An additive or synergistic action of the two treatments was identified for Lactobacillus, Prevotella and Campylobacter, while rather an antagonistic effect was observed on Lachnospira. The action mechanisms of aflatoxin B1 and grape seed meal that drive the large intestine microbiota to these changes are not known and need further investigations.

Effects of different doses of probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the duodenal mucosa in rabbits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilay Seyidoglu ◽  
Sabire Peker
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Probiotics and their components have been used to improve growth performance and immunity, as well as intestinal health. This study evaluated the effect of different doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the morphological properties of duodenums of rabbits. Twenty 6-7 weeks old male New Zealand White Rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups for 90 days. The first group (control group) received the basal diet, the second group received basal diet supplemented with S.cerevisiae at a level of 2g/kg of feed, and the third group was fed with S.cerevisiae live yeast culture added at 4.0 g/kg. At the end of the experiment duodenum segments were taken, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histological examination. In this study, the total thickness of the mucosa, the height of the villi and depth of the crypts and depth of the glands of the duodenum were found to be longer with the increased yeast doses. However, there was no significant difference among the villus crypt ratio of the groups. In conclusion, the total thickness of the mucosa, villus heights, crypt depths and gland depths were increased significantly in both of the yeast groups of rabbits. Therefore, it may be proposed that administration of S.cerevisiae in either low or high doses may be used for intestinal health.

scholarly journals Dietary seaweed-derived polysaccharides improve growth performance of weaned pigs through maintaining intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbial populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiande Zou ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Xiaobo Guo ◽  
Qin He ◽  
Zirui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
G Ratio

Abstract Background: Seaweed-derived polysaccharides (SDP) represent an attractive source of prebiotic nutraceuticals for the food and animal husbandry industry. However, the mechanism by which SDP from Enteromorpha mediates pig growth are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate how SDP supplementation influences the growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs.Results: In Exp. 1, 240 weaned pigs were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet containing 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg SDP, respectively, in a 21-d trial. Pigs on the 400 or 800 mg/kg SDP-supplemented group had greater ADG and lower F/G ratio than those on the control group (P＜0.05). In Exp. 2, 20 male weaned pigs were randomly assigned to two treatments and fed with a basal diet (CON group) or a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg SDP (the optimum does from Exp. 1), in a 21-d trial. Pigs fed the SDP diet had greater ADG, the concentrations of serum IL-6 and TNF-α and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase (P＜0.05), and lower F/G, diarrhea rate, as well as serum D-lactate concentrations and diamine oxidase activity (P＜0.05). Moreover, dietary SDP supplementation enhanced secretory immunoglobulin A content, villus height and villous height: crypt depth ratio in small intestine, as well as the lactase and maltase activities in jejunum mucosa (P＜0.05). SDP supplementation elevated the mRNA levels of inflammatory response-related genes (IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4, TLR6 and MyD88), and the mRNA and protein levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin in jejunum mucosa (P＜0.05). Importantly, SDP not only increased the Lactobacillus population but also reduced the Escherichia coli population in cecum (P＜0.05). Furthermore, SDP increased acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations in cecum (P＜0.05).Conclusions: These results not only suggest a beneficial effect of SDP on growth performance and intestinal barrier functions, but also offer potential mechanisms behind SDP-facilitated intestinal health in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Dietary Cold Pressed Watercress and Coconut Oil Mixture Enhances Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota, Antioxidant Status, and Immunity of Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Hack ◽  
Adham Al-Sagheer ◽  
Mohammed Naiel ◽  
Islam Saadeldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Cold Pressed

The present study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation with coconut oil (CNO), watercress oil (WCO), and their mixture as promoters of growth, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal microbiota in growing rabbits. A total of 120 rabbits were distributed into six groups (20 rabbits/group) receiving a basal diet without supplementation (G1) or diet supplemented with 2 g CNO (G2), 2 g WCO (G3), 0.5 g CNO plus 1.5 g WCO (G4), 1 g CNO plus 1 g WCO (G5), or 1.5 g CNO plus 0.5 g WCO/kg (G6). Live body weight and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher in the G4 and G5 groups than in the other groups. Superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione concentration were significantly improved in the CNO or WCO diets. Supplemental CNO plus WCO at all tested levels produced the best lysozyme and complement 3 activities. Cecal lactobacilli, coliform, Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridium spp. populations were lower in the group who received the 1 g CNO + 1 g WCO/kg diet than that in the control group. Dietary supplementation of 1 g CNO + 1 g WCO or 0.5 g CNO + 1.5 g WCO/kg had the potential to improve growth, feed utilization, antioxidant status, and immunity, and reduce cecal pathogenic bacteria in rabbits.

A comparison of various methods of feeding supplements of urea, sulfur and molasses to weaner heifers during the dry season in northern Queensland

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR McLennan ◽  
DJ Hirst ◽  
RK Shepherd ◽  
KR McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Group 2

Over 3 dry seasons (1984-86), delivery systems of urea supplements were evaluated on weaner heifers grazing native pasture. Daily treatments per heifer were urea-ammonium sulfate (US) (28g + 6g), via the drinking water; urea-molasses (UM) (30g + 250g), via roller drum lick feeders; UM2 (60g + 1000g), via open troughs. Rainfall recordings were well above average in all dry seasons. The only liveweight response to supplementation occurred in 1986, during a dry period from June to October. During this period the liveweight performance of the US group was improved relative to the control group (+7 v. -57 g/heifer.day; P<0.05). The response of the UM2 group (+82 g/heifer.day) exceeded (P<0.05) that of all other groups. There was no response to the UM supplement (-51 g/heifer.day). Over the combined dry and following wet seasons the UM2 group grew faster (P<0.05) than all other groups. Ammonia-nitrogen concentrations in the rumen fluid of heifers, measured in the 1984 and 1986 dry seasons, were very low for the control group (7-54 mg/L rumen fluid) but were much higher in the US group 2 h after drinking (108-152 mg/L). At 18 h after drinking, the ammonia-nitrogen concentration had declined markedly in the US group (30-54 mg/L) but, in 2 of 3 observations, was still higher than that of the controls (significantly in 1 case; P<0.05).

Compatibility of Commercially Produced Protective Cultures with Common Cheesemaking Cultures and Their Antagonistic Effect on Foodborne Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE A. GENSLER ◽  
STEPHANIE R. B. BROWN ◽  
SULAIMAN F. ALJASIR ◽  
DENNIS J. D'AMICO
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Cheese Industry ◽  
Ultrahigh Temperature ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT The documented survival of pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes (LM), Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Salmonella during the manufacture and aging of some cheeses highlights the need for additional interventions to enhance food safety. Unfortunately, few interventions are compliant with the Standards of Identity for cheese. Protective bacterial cultures (PCs) represent actionable, natural interventions. However, supportive data for commercially produced PCs regarding their efficacy against pathogens and potential antagonism with each other and cheesemaking cultures are scant, thereby impeding their potential use by the cheese industry. The overall objective of this study was to identify commercially produced PCs that exert antimicrobial activity toward pathogens with minimal impact on beneficial cheese microbes. Direct antagonism and agar well diffusion assays were used to determine the impact of 10 commercially produced PCs on the growth of starter cultures and cultures of ripening bacteria and fungi. Deferred antagonism was used to evaluate the potential for antimicrobial effects against LM, STEC, and Salmonella. PCs and starter cultures were cocultured in ultrahigh-temperature-processed milk to determine the effects of coculture on starter acidification profiles when incubated according to a simulated cheesemaking temperature profile (4 h at 35°C followed by 20 h at 20°C). Compatibility assays suggest that PC antagonism is microbe and strain specific. Only one PC negatively impacted the acidification of the starters tested. PC antagonism of ripening bacteria and fungi growth varied but was consistent within species. All PCs displayed deferred inhibition of LM, STEC, and Salmonella growth, but to varying degrees. These data identify commercial PCs with potential for the control of pathogens and characterize their compatibility with cheesemaking cultures for future use by cheesemakers and investigations of their efficacy in the production of cheese. HIGHLIGHTS

Risk of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia and Oral Hygiene

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Wagner ◽  
Sarah Marchina ◽  
Judith A. Deveau ◽  
Colleen Frayne ◽  
Kim Sulmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Background: Pneumonia is a major complication of stroke, but effective prevention strategies are lacking. Since aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions is the primary mechanism for development of stroke-associated pneumonia, strategies that decrease oral colonization with pathogenic bacteria may help curtail pneumonia risk. We therefore hypothesized that systematic oral care protocols can help decrease pneumonia risk in hospitalized stroke patients. In this study, we investigated the impact of a systematic oral hygiene care (OHC) program in reducing hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with acute-subacute stroke. Methods: This study compared the proportion of pneumonia cases in hospitalized stroke patients before and after implementation of a systematic OHC intervention. All patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to a large, urban academic medical center in Boston, Mass., USA from May 31, 2008, to June 1, 2010 (epoch prior to implementation of OHC), and from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013 (epoch after full implementation of OHC), who were 18 years of age and hospitalized for ≥2 days were eligible for inclusion. The cohort in the first epoch constituted the control group whereas the cohort in the second epoch formed the intervention group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for confounders. The main outcome measure was hospital-acquired pneumonia, defined via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Results: The cohort comprised 1,656 admissions (707 formed historical controls; 949 were in the intervention group). The unadjusted incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia was lower in the group assigned to OHC compared to controls (14 vs. 10.33%; p = 0.022) with an unadjusted OR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.48-0.95; p = 0.022). After adjustment for influential confounders, the OR of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the intervention group remained significantly lower at 0.71 (95% CI 0.51-0.98; p = 0.041). Conclusion: In this large hospital-based cohort of patients admitted with acute stroke, systematic OHC use was associated with decreased odds of hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document