A new high-throughput tool to screen mosquito-borne viruses in Zika virus endemic/epidemic areas

AbstractMosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses affecting animal and human health. Arboviruses circulate primarily within an enzootic cycle and recurrent spillovers contribute to the emergence of human-adapted viruses able to initiate an urban cycle involving anthropophilic mosquitoes. The increasing volume of travel and trade offers multiple opportunities for arbovirus introduction in new regions. This scenario has been exemplified recently with the Zika pandemic. To incriminate a mosquito as vector of a pathogen, several criteria are required such as the detection of natural infections in mosquitoes. In this study, we used a high-throughput chip based on the BioMarkTM Dynamic arrays system capable of detecting 64 arboviruses in a single experiment. A total of 17,958 mosquitoes collected in Zika-endemic/epidemic countries (Brazil, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Suriname, Senegal, and Cambodia) were analyzed. Here we show that this new tool can detect endemic and epidemic viruses in different mosquito species in an epidemic context. Thus, this fast and low-cost method can be suggested as a novel epidemiological surveillance tool to identify circulating arboviruses.

Download Full-text

A New High-Throughput Tool to Screen Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Zika Virus Endemic/Epidemic Areas

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11100904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 904 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sara Moutailler ◽

Lena Yousfi ◽

Laurence Mousson ◽

Elodie Devillers ◽

Marie Vazeille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

High Throughput ◽

Zika Virus ◽

French Guiana ◽

Low Cost ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Single Experiment ◽

Urban Cycle ◽

Enzootic Cycle

Mosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses affecting animal and human health. Arboviruses circulate primarily within an enzootic cycle and recurrent spillovers contribute to the emergence of human-adapted viruses able to initiate an urban cycle involving anthropophilic mosquitoes. The increasing volume of travel and trade offers multiple opportunities for arbovirus introduction in new regions. This scenario has been exemplified recently with the Zika pandemic. To incriminate a mosquito as vector of a pathogen, several criteria are required such as the detection of natural infections in mosquitoes. In this study, we used a high-throughput chip based on the BioMark™ Dynamic arrays system capable of detecting 64 arboviruses in a single experiment. A total of 17,958 mosquitoes collected in Zika-endemic/epidemic countries (Brazil, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Suriname, Senegal, and Cambodia) were analyzed. Here we show that this new tool can detect endemic and epidemic viruses in different mosquito species in an epidemic context. Thus, this fast and low-cost method can be suggested as a novel epidemiological surveillance tool to identify circulating arboviruses.

Download Full-text

Transmission Potential of Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Puerto Rico

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa286 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca A Zimler ◽

Donald A Yee ◽

Barry W Alto

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

The United States ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Transmission Potential ◽

Transmission Rates ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Local Transmission

Abstract Recurrence of local transmission of Zika virus in Puerto Rico is a major public health risk to the United States, where mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes mediovittatus (Coquillett) are abundant. To determine the extent to which Ae. mediovittatus are capable of transmitting Zika virus and the influence of viremia, we evaluated infection and transmission in Ae. mediovittatus and Ae. aegypti from Puerto Rico using serial dilutions of infectious blood. Higher doses of infectious blood resulted in greater infection rates in both mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti females were up to twice as susceptible to infection than Ae. mediovittatus, indicating a more effective midgut infection barrier in the latter mosquito species. Aedes aegypti exhibited higher disseminated infection (40–95%) than Ae. mediovittatus (<5%), suggesting a substantial midgut escape barrier in Ae. mediovittatus. For Ae. aegypti, transmission rates were low over a range of doses of Zika virus ingested, suggesting substantial salivary gland barriers.

Download Full-text

Organ-specific, multimodal, wireless optoelectronics for high-throughput phenotyping of peripheral neural pathways

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-20421-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Woo Seok Kim ◽

Sungcheol Hong ◽

Milenka Gamero ◽

Vivekanand Jeevakumar ◽

Clay M. Smithhart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

Low Cost ◽

Optoelectronic Device ◽

Antenna System ◽

Neural Pathways ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Coil Antenna ◽

Sensory Fibers

AbstractThe vagus nerve supports diverse autonomic functions and behaviors important for health and survival. To understand how specific components of the vagus contribute to behaviors and long-term physiological effects, it is critical to modulate their activity with anatomical specificity in awake, freely behaving conditions using reliable methods. Here, we introduce an organ-specific scalable, multimodal, wireless optoelectronic device for precise and chronic optogenetic manipulations in vivo. When combined with an advanced, coil-antenna system and a multiplexing strategy for powering 8 individual homecages using a single RF transmitter, the proposed wireless telemetry enables low cost, high-throughput, and precise functional mapping of peripheral neural circuits, including long-term behavioral and physiological measurements. Deployment of these technologies reveals an unexpected role for stomach, non-stretch vagal sensory fibers in suppressing appetite and demonstrates the durability of the miniature wireless device inside harsh gastric conditions.

Download Full-text

Design of Low-Cost and High-Strength Titanium Alloys Using Pseudo-Spinodal Mechanism through Diffusion Couple Technology and CALPHAD

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112910 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2910

Author(s):

Chaoyi Ding ◽

Chun Liu ◽

Ligang Zhang ◽

Di Wu ◽

Libin Liu

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Couple ◽

Titanium Alloys ◽

High Throughput ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Strength ◽

High Yield ◽

Α Phase ◽

Cr System

The high cost of development and raw materials have been obstacles to the widespread use of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-throughput experimental method of diffusion couple combined with CALPHAD calculation was used to design and prepare the low-cost and high-strength Ti-Al-Cr system titanium alloy. The results showed that ultra-fine α phase was obtained in Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy designed through the pseudo-spinodal mechanism, and it has a high yield strength of 1437 ± 7 MPa. Furthermore, application of the 3D strength model of Ti-6Al-xCr alloy showed that the strength of the alloy depended on the volume fraction and thickness of the α phase. The large number of α/β interfaces produced by ultra-fine α phase greatly improved the strength of the alloy but limited its ductility. Thus, we have demonstrated that the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with high-throughput diffusion couple technology and CALPHAD was an efficient method to design low-cost and high-strength titanium alloys.

Download Full-text

Discovery of an imidazonaphthyridine and a riminophenazine as potent anti-Zika virus agents through a replicon-based high-throughput screening

Virus Research ◽

10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 198388

Author(s):

Rafaela Sachetto Fernandes ◽

Andre Schutzer de Godoy ◽

Igor Andrade Santos ◽

Gabriela Dias Noske ◽

Ketllyn Irene Zagato de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

Zika Virus ◽

High Throughput Screening

Download Full-text

Where future emerging pathogens will come from and what approaches can be used to find them, besides VFARs

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2009.096 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S75-S93 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mark D. Sobsey ◽

Suresh D. Pillai

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Waterborne Pathogens ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Emerging Pathogens ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Waterborne Pathogen ◽

Pathogen Virulence ◽

Human Health Effects

A consideration of available evidence for some known and well-characterized waterborne pathogens suggests that the diversity of pathogen virulence mechanisms and properties is too great to specifically predict the emergence and future human health impacts of new waterborne pathogens. However, some future emerging pathogens are existing microbes that will be discovered to cause disease. Some will arise from existing ones by either predictable evolutionary and adaptation changes or by unpredictable changes involving a variety of biotic and abiotic mechanisms. Many, and perhaps most, emerging waterborne human pathogens will be zoonotic agents or come from other non-human reservoirs. The emergence of some waterborne pathogens will be related to antibiotic use, resulting in emerging antibiotic-resistant waterborne pathogens. Reliably predicting pathogen emergence and human health effects based on VFARs or other properties of microbes and their hosts is not possible at this time. This is because of (1) the diversity of microbes and their virulence and pathogenicity properties, (2) their ability to change unpredictably, (3) their intimate and diverse interrelationships with a myriad of hosts and dynamic natural and anthropogenic environments and (4) the subtle variations in the immune status of individuals. The best available approach to predicting waterborne pathogen emergence is through vigilant use of microbial, infectious disease and epidemiological surveillance. Understanding the microbial metagenome of the human body can also lead to a better understanding of how we define and characterize pathogens, commensals and opportunists.

Download Full-text

Efficient High-throughput Techniques for the Analysis of Disease-Resistant Plant Varieties and Detection of Food Adulteration

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203723666211223111238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Romesh Kumar Salgotra ◽

Rafiq Ahmad Bhat ◽

Deyue Yu ◽

Javaid Akhter Bhat

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

High Throughput ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Small Sample ◽

Food Crops ◽

Genomic Resources ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

Abstract: Over the past two decades, the advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have led to the identification of numerous genes/QTLs at high-resolution for their potential use in crop improvement. The genomic resources generated through these high-throughput sequencing techniques have been efficiently used in screening of particular gene of interest particularly for numerous types of plant stresses and quality traits. Subsequently, the identified-markers linked to a particular trait have been used in marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) activities. Besides, these markers are also being used to catalogue the food crops for detection of adulteration to improve the quality of food. With the advancement of technologies, the genomic resources are originating with new markers; however, to use these markers efficiently in crop breeding, high-throughput techniques (HTT) such as multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis (CE) can be exploited. Robustness, ease of operation, good reproducibility and low cost are the main advantages of multiplex PCR and CE. The CE is capable of separating and characterizing proteins with simplicity, speed and small sample requirements. Keeping in view the availability of vast data generated through NGS techniques and development of numerous markers, there is a need to use these resources efficiently in crop improvement programmes. In summary, this review describes the use of molecular markers in the screening of resistance genes in breeding programmes and detection of adulterations in food crops using high-throughput techniques.

Download Full-text