scholarly journals Cytokine and Growth Factor Response in a Rat Model of Radiation Induced Injury to the Submental Muscles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne N. King ◽  
Zakariyya Al-Quran ◽  
Justin Hurley ◽  
Brian Wang ◽  
Neal Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mylohyoid Muscle ◽  
Submental Muscles ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Post Radiation

ABSTRACTSubmental muscles (i.e. mylohyoid and geniohyoid) play a vital role during swallowing, protecting the airway from ingested material. To design therapies to reduce the functional deficits associated with radiation treatment relies in part on our understanding of the changes in the cytokine and growth factor response that can impact muscle function. The purpose of this study is to quantify changes in the inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic factors following 48Gy of fractionated radiation to the mylohyoid muscle. We hypothesized that (1) irradiation will provoke increases in TGF-1β and MMP-2 mRNA in the mylohyoid muscle; and (2) muscles surrounding the target location (i.e. geniohyoid and digastric muscles) will exhibit similar alterations in their gene expression profiles. Rats were exposed to 6 fractions of 8Gy using a 6MeV electron beam on a clinical linear accelerator. The highest dose curve was focused at the mylohyoid muscle. After 2-and 4-weeks post-radiation, the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and digastric muscles were harvested. Expression of TNF-α, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-1β, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 mRNA was analyzed via PCR and/or RT-PCR. TGF-1β, MMP-2, and IL-6 expression was upregulated in the irradiated mylohyoid compared to nonirradiated controls. No notable changes in TNF-α, IFNγ, and IL-1β mRNA expression was observed in irradiated muscles. Differing expression profiles were found in the surrounding muscles post-radiation. Results demonstrated that irradiation provokes molecular signals involved in the regulation of the extracellular matrix, which could lead to fibrosis or atrophy in the swallowing muscle after radiation.

Global gene expression profiles in fibroblasts from synovial, skin and lymphoid tissue reveals distinct cytokine and chemokine expression patterns

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 688-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Filer ◽  
Ewan Ross ◽  
Margarita Bofill ◽  
Stuart Martin ◽  
Mike Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Tnf Α

SummaryWe investigated the extent to which fibroblasts isolated from diverse tissues differ in their capacity to modulate inflammation by comparing the global gene expression profiles of cultured human fibroblasts from skin, acute and chronically inflamed synovium, lymph node and tonsil. The responses of these fibroblasts to TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 stimulation were markedly different, as revealed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. In the absence of exogenous cytokine, syn-ovial and skin fibroblasts exhibited similar patterns of gene expression. However their transcriptional profiles diverged upon treatment with TNF-α.This proved to be biologically relevant, as TNF-α induced the secretion of different patterns and amounts of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 (MCP-1) in the two fibroblast types. Co-culture of skin or synovial fibroblasts with synovial fluid-derived mononuclear cells provided further evidence that these transcriptional differences were functionally significant in an ex vivo setting. Interestingly, the transcriptional response of skin fibroblasts to IL-4 converged with that of TNF-α-treated synovial fibroblasts, suggesting resident tissue fibroblasts and their blood-borne precursors may be imprinted by inflammatory cytokines that are characteristic of different tissues. Our data supports the concept that fibroblasts are heterogeneous, and that they contribute to the tissue-specificity of inflammatory reactions. Fibroblasts are therefore likely to play an active role in the persistence of chronic inflammatory reactions.This publication was partially financed by Serono Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Science.Part of this paper was originally presented at the 2nd International Workshop on New Therapeutic Targets in Vascular Biology from February 6-9, 2003 in Geneva, Switzerland.

scholarly journals UVB Dose Optimization for Phototherapy in Vitamin D Deficiency : Profile Analysis of Vitamin D, TNF-α, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-754
Author(s):  
Cynthia Arsita ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽  
Atina Hussaana
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Post Radiation

Background : UVB radiation responsible for the most important biological effects including Vitamin D3 synthesis and inflammation. UVB radiation are absorbed by 7-dehydrocholesterol in the plasma membrane of epidermal cells resulting in production of cis-previtamin D3. In the other hand, an exposure to UVB leads to cutaneous tissue inflammation modulates by TNF-α which also increases platelet activating factor. VEGF and PDGF induced by TNF-α during wound healing, characterized with angiogenesis and reephitalization. Furthermore, vitamin D plays a role in inflammation inhibition and upregulates growth factors. However, the study of the mechanism has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Methods: This study uses post test only group design, subjected wistar rats divided into four groups. Control group, non irradiated with UVB, and the other three groups, treated with graded UVB dose started with 1 MED (50 mJ/cm2), 2 MED (100mJ/cm2) and 3 MED (150 mJ/cm2) and investigated at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours post UVB irradiation. Result : The serum level of vitamin D, VEGF and PDGF were increasing due to UVB dose addition. The highest level was reached at 6 hours post radiation using 3 MED, which gradually decrease up to 48 hours (p =0,000). The rise of vitamin D after UVB radiation, inhibit TNF-α induction in every dose accordant UVB dose addition and the lowest level is using 3 MED at 12 hours post radiation (p =0,000). TNF-α reach its highest level at 24 hours post radiation using 1 MED, it is related with the acute phase of inflammation. Conclusion : This study reveal that higher UVB irradiance increases vitamin D and inhibit TNF-α which also promotes VEGF and PDGF. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.749-754

scholarly journals Regulation of Cellular Metabolism and Cytokines by the Medicinal Herb Feverfew in the Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Fu Chen ◽  
Chun-Huai Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Folk Remedy ◽  
Mediate Metabolism

The herb feverfew is a folk remedy for various symptoms including inflammation. Inflammation has recently been implicated in the genesis of many diseases including cancers, atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanisms of action of feverfew in the human body are largely unknown. To determine the cellular targets of feverfew extracts, we have utilized oligo microarrays to study the gene expression profiles elicited by feverfew extracts in human monocytic THP-1 cells. We have identified 400 genes that are consistently regulated by feverfew extracts. Most of the genes are involved in cellular metabolism. However, the genes undergoing the highest degree of change by feverfew treatment are involved in other pathways including chemokine function, water homeostasis and heme-mediated signaling. Our results also suggest that feverfew extracts effectively reduce Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-mediated TNF-α and CCL2 (MCP-1) releases by THP-1 cells. We hypothesize that feverfew components mediate metabolism, cell migration and cytokine production in human monocytes/macrophages.

scholarly journals Distinct gene expression profiles in norepinephrine- and epinephrine-producing hereditary and sporadic pheochromocytomas: activation of hypoxia-driven angiogenic pathways in von Hippel–Lindau syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Eisenhofer ◽  
T-T Huynh ◽  
K Pacak ◽  
F M Brouwers ◽  
M M Walther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Biochemical Phenotype ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Men 2

Pheochromocytomas in von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) syndrome produce exclusively norepinephrine, whereas those in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) produce epinephrine. This study examined the pathways activated in VHL-associated pheochromocytomas by comparing gene expression profiles in VHL and MEN 2 tumors in relationship to profiles in sporadic norepinephrine- and epinephrine-producing tumors. Larger and more distinct differences in gene expression among hereditary than sporadic tumors indicated the importance of the underlying mutation to gene expression profiles. Many of the genes over-expressed in VHL compared with MEN 2 tumors were clearly linked to the hypoxia-driven angiogenic pathways that are activated in VHL-associated tumorigenesis. Such genes included those for the glucose transporter, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor, angiopoietin 2, tie-1, VEGF receptor 2 and its coreceptor, neuropilin-1. Other up-regulated genes, such as connective tissue growth factor, cysteine-rich 61, matrix metalloproteinase 1, vascular endothelial cadherin, tenascin C, stanniocalcin 1, and cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 are known to be involved in VEGF-regulated angiogenesis. Shared differences in expression of subsets of genes in norepinephrine- versus epinephrine-producing hereditary and sporadic pheochromocytomas indicated other differences in gene expression that may underlie the biochemical phenotype. Over-expression of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, HIF-2α, in norepinephrine-predominant sporadic and VHL tumors compared with epinephrine-producing tumors indicates that expression of this gene depends on the noradrenergic biochemical phenotype. The findings fit with the known expression of HIF-2α in norepinephrine-producing cells of the sympathetic nervous system and might explain both the development and noradrenergic biochemical phenotype of pheochromocytomas in VHL syndrome.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Post-radiation Gene Expression Profiles: A System Biology Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S101-S106
Author(s):  
Reza Vafaee ◽  
Abdolrahim Nikzamir ◽  
Mohhamadreza Razzaghi ◽  
Sina Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
Alireza Ahmadzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
System Biology ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Post Radiation

scholarly journals Scopolamine-induced Delirium Promotes Neuroinflammation and Neuropsychiatric Disorder in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yeong Cheon ◽  
Bon-Nyeo Koo ◽  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Eun Hee Kam ◽  
Junhyun Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Compare Gene Expression ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract BackgroundPostoperative delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting in a high postsurgical mortality rate and decline in postdischarge function. Extensive research has been performed on both human and animal delirium models due to their clinical significance, focusing on systemic inflammation and consequent neuroinflammation playing a key in the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunctions. Since animal models are widely utilized for pathophysiological study of neuropsychiatric disorders, this study aimed at examining the validity of the scopolamine-induced delirium mice model with respect to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of delirium. MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were treated with intraperitoneal scopolamine (2 mg/kg). Neurobehavioural tests were performed to evaluate the changes in cognitive functions, including learning and memory, and the level of anxiety after surgery or scopolamine treatment. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ꞵ, IL-18, and TNF-α) and inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) in different brain regions were measured. Gene expression profiles were also examined using whole-genome RNA sequencing analyses to compare gene expression patterns of different mice models.Results Scopolamine treatment showed significant increase in the level of anxiety and impairments in memory and cognitive function associated with increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome components. Genetic analysis confirmed the different expression patterns of the genes involved in immune response and inflammation and those related with the development of the nervous system in both surgery and scopolamine-induced mice models. Conclusions The scopolamine-induced delirium mice model successfully showed that analogous neuropsychiatric changes coincide with the neuroinflammatory hypothesis for pathogenesis of delirium.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Profile of Meniscal Tissue Macrophages in Human Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jingbin Zhou ◽  
Zhihong Zhao ◽  
Chen He ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Meniscal Tissue ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome

Osteoarthritis (OA) has long been considered as a degenerative disease, but growing evidence suggests that inflammation plays a vital role in its pathogenesis. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, inflammation in OA is chronic and, in relatively low grade, mainly mediated by the innate immune system, especially macrophages. However, due to its low abundance, there is a lack of systematic studies on macrophages in the OA condition. Here, we have used single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to gain insight into the heterogeneity and functional specialization of human knee macrophages. We also compared the gene expression profiles of macrophages in healthy people and OA patients and found the characteristic changes of special macrophages in the OA knee. We believe that this in-depth understanding of the basis of OA inflammation will bring hope for the development of new therapies.

scholarly journals A large-scale screening of the normalized mammalian mitochondrial gene expression profiles

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEY V. ANISIMOV
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Mammalian mitochondrial genomes are organized in a conserved and extremely compact manner, encoding molecules that play a vital role in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and carry out a number of other important biological functions. A large-scale screening of the normalized mitochondrial gene expression profiles generated from publicly available mammalian serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) datasets (over 17·7 millions of tags) was performed in this study. Acquired SAGE libraries represent an extensive range of human, mouse, rat, bovine and swine cell and tissue samples (normal and pathological) in a variety of conditions. Using a straightforward in silico algorithm, variations in total mitochondrial gene expression, as well as in the expression of individual genes encoded by mitochondrial genomes are addressed, and common patterns in the species- and tissue-specific mitochondrial gene expression profiles are discussed.

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