scholarly journals Genomic differentiation and intercontinental population structure of mosquito vectors Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens molestus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Yurchenko ◽  
Reem A. Masri ◽  
Natalia V. Khrabrova ◽  
Anuarbek K. Sibataev ◽  
Megan L. Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pipiens ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Culex Pipiens Molestus

AbstractUnderstanding the population structure and mechanisms of taxa diversification is important for organisms responsible for the transmission of human diseases. Two vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. molestus, exhibit epidemiologically important behavioral and physiological differences, but the whole-genome divergence between them was unexplored. In this study, we re-sequenced and compared the whole genomes of 40 individual mosquitoes from four locations in Eurasia and North America: the Republic of Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the United States of America. Principal Component, ADMIXTURE, and neighbor joining analyses of the nuclear genomes identified two intercontinental, monophyletic clusters of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus. The third cluster, having a polyphyletic origin, was formed by Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus from the USA. The level of genomic differentiation between the subspecies was uniform along chromosomes. The ADMIXTURE analysis determined signatures of admixture in all Cx. p. pipens populations but not in Cx. p. molestus populations. Comparison of mitochondrial genomes among the specimens showed a paraphyletic origin of the major haplogroups between the subspecies but a monophyletic structure between the continents. Thus, our study identified that Cx. p. molestus and Cx. p. pipiens represent different evolutionary units with monophyletic origin that have undergone incipient ecological speciation.

scholarly journals Genomic differentiation and intercontinental population structure of mosquito vectors Culex pipiens pipiens and Culex pipiens molestus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Yurchenko ◽  
Reem A. Masri ◽  
Natalia V. Khrabrova ◽  
Anuarbek K. Sibataev ◽  
Megan L. Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pipiens ◽  
Culex Pipiens Molestus

Cultural Diversity and Trust in IT Adoption

2008 ◽  
pp. 3048-3061
Author(s):  
David Gefen ◽  
Gregory M. Rose ◽  
Merrill Warkentin ◽  
Paul A. Pavlou
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
It Adoption ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

To trust means to have expectations about others’ (the trustees’) socially acceptable behavior. One of the central effects of this trust in the context of IT adoption is to increase the perceived usefulness (PU) of Information Technology (IT) associated with the trustee’s agency. One way of increasing this trust is through greater sociocultural similarity. Taking previous research into the realm of electronic voting, this paper posits that because trust is culture-dependent, it should decrease considerably as cultural diversity and differentiation increases. To investigate the role of trust in IT adoption in different cultures where dissimilar concepts of socially acceptable behavior exist, this study compares trust-related perceptions of an emerging IT (i.e., electronic voting) between the United States of America (USA) and the Republic of South Africa (RSA). More specifically, the question was addressed by comparing the unique circumstances of the cultural changes in the RSA with the more socially integrated mainstream USA culture. In both cultures, a perceived sociocultural similarity between the individual and the agency in charge of the electronic voting IT contributed to both the establishment of trust and to an increase in the perceived usefulness of the IT, supporting and extending the extrapolations of past propositions to this new realm. However, only in the USA did trust contribute to the PU of the IT. The results suggest that when cultural diversity is large, trust becomes of lesser importance, perhaps because it can no longer reduce social uncertainty. Implications for researchers and governmental voting agencies are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.

scholarly journals Insight into the Current Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Domestic Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Russia

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Veronika Kharzinova ◽  
Arsen Dotsev ◽  
Anastasiya Solovieva ◽  
Olga Sergeeva ◽  
Georgiy Bryzgalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Habitat Location ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insight Into

To examine the genetic diversity and population structure of domestic reindeer, using the BovineHD BeadChip, we genotyped reindeer individuals belonging to the Nenets breed of the five main breeding regions, the Even breed of the Republic of Sakha, the Evenk breed of the Krasnoyarsk and Yakutia regions, and the Chukotka breed of the Chukotka region and its within-breed ecotype, namely, the Chukotka–Khargin, which is bred in Yakutia. The Chukotka reindeer was shown to have the lowest genetic diversity in terms of the allelic richness and heterozygosity indicators. The principal component analysis (PCA) results are consistent with the neighbor-net tree topology, dividing the reindeer into groups according to their habitat location and origin of the breed. Admixture analysis indicated a genetic structuring of two groups of Chukotka origin, the Even breed and most of the geographical groups of the Nenets breed, with the exception of the Murmansk reindeer, the gene pool of which was comprised of the Nenets and apparently the native Sami reindeer. The presence of a genetic component of the Nenets breed in some reindeer inhabiting the Krasnoyarsk region was detected. Our results provide a deeper insight into the current intra-breeding reindeer genetic diversity, which is an important requirement for future reindeer herding strategies and for animal adaptation to environmental changes.

scholarly journals Condition and the ways of development of the USA and the Republic of Korea alliance at the present stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Michael Motyavin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Joint Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

This article examines the current state and ways of development of the alliance of the United States of America and the Republic of Korea after the Joseph Biden administration came to power. During the summit held in Washington on May 21, 2021, the key positions of the two countries on the formation of a joint policy in the future were announced. There were areas and regions that had not previously appeared on the joint foreign policy agenda, which means fundamental changes in the understanding of the alliance’s future. Consequently, the author of the article analyzes the reasons why the Moon Jae-in administration could change its course in foreign policy, Washington's goals for reforming the alliance and the changes that the alliance of the United States and South Korea will undergo.

scholarly journals Population genomics of Drosophila suzukii reveal longitudinal population structure and signals of migrations in and out of the continental United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M Lewald ◽  
Antoine Abrieux ◽  
Derek A Wilson ◽  
Yoosook Lee ◽  
William R Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Genomic Dataset ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Whole Genomes

Abstract Drosophila suzukii, or spotted-wing drosophila, is now an established pest in many parts of the world, causing significant damage to numerous fruit crop industries. Native to East Asia, D. suzukii infestations started in the United States (U.S.) a decade ago, occupying a wide range of climates. To better understand invasion ecology of this pest, knowledge of past migration events, population structure, and genetic diversity is needed. In this study, we sequenced whole genomes of 237 individual flies collected across the continental U.S., as well as several sites in Europe, Brazil, and Asia, to identify and analyze hundreds of thousands of genetic markers. We observed strong population structure between Western and Eastern U.S. populations, but no evidence of any population structure between different latitudes within the continental U.S., suggesting there is no broad-scale adaptations occurring in response to differences in winter climates. We detect admixture from Hawaii to the Western U.S. and from the Eastern U.S. to Europe, in agreement with previously identified introduction routes inferred from microsatellite analysis. We also detect potential signals of admixture from the Western U.S. back to Asia, which could have important implications for shipping and quarantine policies for exported agriculture. We anticipate this large genomic dataset will spur future research into the genomic adaptations underlying D. suzukii pest activity and development of novel control methods for this agricultural pest.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE VALUE OF US AND SERBIAN FIRMS / Uticaj strukture kapitala na vrijednost američkih i srpskih firmi

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan S. Jović
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pe Ratio ◽  
The Capital Structure

According to the Modigliani–Miller theorem, the value of the company does not depend on the capital structure (debt to equity ratio). We checked the theorem in two financial markets, the global one and the regional one. In the research, we used a multiple linear regression model, panel model and VAR. The theorem did not withstand an empirical check on the financial markets of the United States and the Republic of Srpska. The value of American and Serbian firms is not indifferent to the movement in the capital structure. The growth of debt in relation to the capital in the USA and the Republic of Srpska diminishes the value of firms, i.e., value of the PE ratio. The inverse relationship between the capital structure and the value of capital is economically logical and expected, because the growth of indebtedness increases the risk of liquidity and solvency. The growth of indebtedness influences reducing of the demand for company shares and reducing of the value of the firm, i.e. reduction of the PE ratio.

scholarly journals Crisis of Regional Leadership and Stagnation of Mega-projects in Asia-Pacific: Consequences for Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
A. N. Fedorovsky
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

Analyses of modern trade and economic relations in Asia-Pacific region. Research of the roles of the United States of America and China under the conditions of protectionism initiated by the D. Tramp’s administration and stagnation of mega-projects. Crisis of leadership and role of USA and China in regional mega-project (APEC, TPP, RCPEC). Ability of the USA and the PRC to create regional economic priorities, as well as to determine the course of integration processes. Analysis of the main obstacles of realization of American and Chinese leadership potential. Regional integration project initiated by Japan, India and the Republic of Korea and prospects for Indo-Pacific Asia. China-USA competition and main trends of regional integration. Comparative study of opportunitiesand prospects for bilateral and mega-regional economic projects. As an example, observation of South Korean initiative “New Economic Map” is presented and analyzed. Role of “New Economic Forum” initiated by Bloomberg with support of global big business is examined also. Initiative of Indo-Pacific region, Japan-India economic cooperation are examined, as well as Washington policy to counterweight China foreign economic and political expansion. Analyzing of prospects and consequences of competition between USA and the PRC in Pacific regions. Main issues, opportunities and challenges of Russia’s economic expansion in Asia-Pacific region. Close interconnection between policy, security and economiccooperation in the region: influence on Russia’s Pacific priorities and diplomacy. Characteristics of some problems of Russian “East Policy” during last several years. Some arguments are presented in favor of Russia’s strategy of “policy of focused partnerships”. This kind of policy means prevail of business activity in some special projects as well as in some geographic areas. It is also stressed that it is in Russia’s long-run interests to use of all kind of diplomatic measures in order to minimize any attempts to oppose India to China. But try its best to support cooperation between Russia, China and India in Pacific, as well as in Indo-Pacific region. 

scholarly journals The Fateful Voyage of Tanker “Tuapse”: Chronicle of Detention

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Sergey Yu. Vradiy
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cold War History ◽  
Oil Tanker ◽  
Port Of Kaohsiung

The capture on 23rd June 1954 of the Soviet oil tanker “Tuapse” by the Republic of China (ROC) Navy became one of the most dramatic episodes in Cold War history. The Soviet vessel heading from Odessa to Shanghai was transporting, as indicated in the Bill of Lading, lighting kerosene. In the neutral waters of the Luzon Strait, north of the Philippines, the tanker was shelled, detained, and the crew were arrested, then escorted to the port of Kaohsiung in the south of Taiwan. This event which was developing into an international sensation almost provoked an armed clash between the United States of America (USA) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The aggravated confrontation overflowed onto the pages of the press, concentrating in diplomatic debates at the United Nations (UN) meetings during which the accusation raised respectively against Taiwan of “violating freedom of navigation on the high seas,” and to the USA of aiding to piracy. The detention of the tanker “Tuapse” in 1954 became a pretext for fierce debates and conflicts between Taiwan and the USSR at the UN. Thirty years later, in the second half of the 1980s, the discussion about the consequences of this incident resumed the fragile political contacts between Taiwan and the USSR, which became a noticeable sign of a thaw in their relations, though no one had yet imagined at that time how far the process of rapprochement could go. Based on recently declassified documents from the archive of the ROC Ministry of Defense, especially the reports of Navy officers who performed the operation to their commanders, this paper reveals the chronology of how the interception of the “Tuapse” Soviet oil tanker was implemented.

scholarly journals NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Д. Дзидзоев
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Independent State ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

В статье рассматривается, сложная проблема национального самоопределения народов. В современном международном праве, как известно, признаются два кардинально противоположных подхода к решению данной про блемы. Первый подход связан с территориальной целостностью государств, ко торая признается международным правом и уставом ООН, а второй с правом нации на самоопределение вплоть до отделения и возникновения нового незави симого государства. В то же время от влиятельных государств земного шара, а не от международного права зависит, признавать то или иное вновь образо вавшееся государство или не признавать. Классическим примером в этом плане служит Республика Косово, чью независимость признали США и другие государ ства, а независимость Абхазии и Южной Осетии признала РФ и еще несколько государств. The article deals with the complex problem of national selfdetermination of peoples. Modern international law, as we know, recognizes two radically opposite approaches to the solution of this problem. The rst approach is related to the territorial integrity of States, which is recognized by international law and the UN Charter, and the second to the right of a nation to selfdetermination up to the separation and emergence of a new independent state. At the same time, it is up to the in uential States of the world, not international law, to recognize a newly formed state or not to recognize it. Classic examples in this regard are the Republic of Kosovo, separated with the help of the United States, great Britain and other States from Serbia, as well as Abkhazia and South Ossetia, separated from Georgia. The independence of Kosovo was recognized by the USA and other States, and the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia was recognized by Russia and some other States.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF CRIMINAL-PROCEDURAL ACTIVITY OF THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR IN PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Ксения Таболина ◽  
Kseniya Tabolina
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The Public ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic

This article is dedicated to peculiarities of criminal-procedural activity of the Public Prosecutor in pre-trial proceedings in foreign countries. In this regard, the author studied the provisions of the constitutional and criminal procedure legislation of all member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (the Azerbaijan Republic, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine), Georgia, and Federal Republic of Germany, and presented in the article foreign experience of the French Republic and the United States of America. According to the results of the analysis the conclusion is drawn concerning the role of public prosecution in foreign countries, the main activities of the Public Prosecutor in pre-trial criminal procedure of these countries and the scope of the powers of the Public Prosecutor in pre-trial proceedings in foreign countries and its relationship with the form of the preliminary investigation.

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