scholarly journals A non-invasive online photoionization spectrometer for FLASH2

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Braune ◽  
Günter Brenner ◽  
Siarhei Dziarzhytski ◽  
Pavle Juranić ◽  
Andrey Sorokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Individual Photon ◽  
Sase Fel ◽  
Cross Calibration

The stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process of free-electron lasers (FELs) effects pulse-to-pulse fluctuations of the radiation properties, such as the photon energy, which are determinative for processes of photon–matter interactions. Hence, SASE FEL sources pose a great challenge for scientific investigations, since experimenters need to obtain precise real-time feedback of these properties for each individual photon bunch for interpretation of the experimental data. Furthermore, any device developed to deliver the according information should not significantly interfere with or degrade the FEL beam. Regarding the spectral properties, a device for online monitoring of FEL wavelengths has been developed for FLASH2, which is based on photoionization of gaseous targets and the measurements of the corresponding electron and ion time-of-flight spectra. This paper presents experimental studies and cross-calibration measurements demonstrating the viability of this online photoionization spectrometer.

Multiphysics Modeling and Experimental Validation of Reconfigurable, E-Textile Origami Antennas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamil Shah ◽  
Abdullahi Inshaar ◽  
Chengzhe Zou ◽  
Shreyas Chaudhari ◽  
Saad Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Multiphysics Modeling ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Wide Range

Physical deformation mechanisms are emerging as compelling and simple ways to adapt radio frequency (RF) characteristics of antennas in contrast to digital steering approaches acting on topologically fixed antennas. Concepts of physical reconfigurability also enable exceptional capabilities such as deployable and morphing antenna arrays that serve multiple functions and permit compact transport with ease. Yet, the emergent concepts lack broad understanding of effective approaches to integrate conformal, electrically conductive architectures with high-compliance foldable frameworks. To explore this essential interface where electrical demands and mechanical requirements may conflict, this research introduces a new class of origami-based tessellated antennas whose RF characteristics are self-tuned by physical reconfiguration of the antenna shape. E-textile materials are used to permit large antenna shape change while maintaining electrical conductivity. Dipole and patch antennas are considered as conventional antenna platforms upon which to innovate with the e-textile origami concept. Multiphysics modeling efforts establish the efficacy of foldable antenna geometries for broad tailoring of the RF characteristics. Experiments with proof-of-concept antennas confirm the large adaptability of wave radiation properties enabled by the reconfiguration of the e-textile origami surfaces. The results suggest that e-textile antennas can be integrated into clothing and mechanical structures, providing a non-invasive way of quantifying deformation for a wide range of applications.

scholarly journals Modern Foreign Neurocognitive Approaches to the use of the Music-Enriched Environment in the Rehabilitation of Aphasic Disorders and Alzheimer's type Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
K.M. Shipkova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neurocognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Neuropsychological Diagnostics ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Transcranial Brain Stimulation

This paper presents an analysis of current foreign trends in neurocognitive rehabilitation of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and neuropsychological rehabilitation of the most common form of vascular cognitive disorders (VCD) - aphasia. Two approaches to the restoration of higher mental functions (HMF), based on a different understanding of the neuroplasticity mechanisms, are described. The description presents non-invasive and functional methods of direct stimulation of HMF. Various methods of transcranial brain stimulation and Intensive Language-Action Therapy (ILAT) are reviewed and analyzed. The data of experimental studies present the application of these methods to the restoration of Broca's aphasia. The paper also considers an approach to neurorehabilitation based on the methodology of "workaround" recovery of HMF using sensory-enriched environment. The article describes and analyzes the theoretical foundations of Music Intonation Therapy (MIT), Thérapie mélodique est rythmée) (TMR), palliative MIT, Music Therapy (MT). The paper carries out an analytical review of the implementation of abovementioned methods in aphasics. Also, programs and neurocognitive correction methods in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are considered. The paper describes the possibilities of using active and passive MT, STAM-DEM Therapy, and Multimodal Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (MCET) in AD. The study presents the data of systematic and meta-analytical reviews on their use in MCI. The paper describes the methodology of "musical" neuropsychological diagnostics in dementia.

scholarly journals Temperature measurement methods in an experimental setup during bone drilling: A brief review on the comparison of thermocouple and infrared thermography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012096
Author(s):  
Md Ashequl Islam ◽  
Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin ◽  
Ruslizam Daud ◽  
Ishak Ibrahim ◽  
Anas Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Significant Opportunity

Abstract Predicting thermal response in orthopedic surgery or dental implantation remains a significant challenge. This study aims to find an effective approach for measuring temperature elevation during a bone drilling experiment by analyzing the existing methods. Traditionally thermocouple has frequently been used to predict the bone temperature in the drilling process. However, several experimental studies demonstrate that the invasive method using thermocouple is impractical in medical conditions and preferred the thermal infrared (IR) camera as a non-invasive method. This work proposes a simplified experimental model that uses the thermocouple to determine temperature rise coupled with the thermal image source approach. Furthermore, our new method provides a significant opportunity to calibrate the thermal IR camera by finding out the undetected heat elevation in a workpiece depth.

scholarly journals Photoelectron spectroscopy as a non-invasive method to monitor SASE-FEL spectra

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. P02003-P02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wellhöfer ◽  
J T Hoeft ◽  
M Martins ◽  
W Wurth ◽  
M Braune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Sase Fel

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Online Monitoring of Cell Growth in Disposable Bioreactors with a Planar Coil

2016 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 582-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Reinecke ◽  
P. Biechele ◽  
M. Frickhöffer ◽  
T. Scheper ◽  
S. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Planar Coil

Diffraction properties of a strongly bent diamond crystal used as a dispersive spectrometer for XFEL pulses

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Samoylova ◽  
Ulrike Boesenberg ◽  
Aleksandr Chumakov ◽  
Vladimir Kaganer ◽  
Ilia Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Strain Gradient ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Diamond Crystal ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stochastic Nature

Self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) enables X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) to generate hard X-ray pulses of sub-100 fs duration. However, due to the stochastic nature of SASE, the energy spectrum fluctuates from pulse to pulse. Many experiments that employ XFEL radiation require the resolution of the spectrum of each pulse. The work presented here investigates the capacity of a thin strongly bent diamond crystal to resolve the energy spectra of hard X-ray SASE pulses by studying its diffraction properties. Rocking curves of the symmetric C*(440) reflection have been measured for different bending radii. The experimental data match the theoretical modelling based on the Takagi–Taupin equations of dynamical diffraction. A uniform strain gradient has proven to be a valid model of strain deformations in the crystal.

Beyond Death: Forensic Investigations of pre-Columbian Mummies from the Tarapacá Valley, Chile, Using Variable Pressure SEM and Raman Spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Prikhodko ◽  
C. Fischer ◽  
R. Boytner ◽  
M. C. Lozada ◽  
M. Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Non Destructive

Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM) coupled with other non-destructive analytical methods, such as energy dispersive (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) offers new capabilities for non-invasive imaging and chemical characterization of archaeological materials. This article underlines the application of VPSEM-EDS-RS on bioarchaeological specimens of pre-Columbian mummies from the Tarapacá Valley in northern Chile. The aim of the scientific investigations is to identify nonanatomical features and to provide qualitative and quantitative information at molecular levels, complementing the morphological record from studies in physical anthropology, in an effort to understand mortuary practices in the Tarapacá Valley and the effects of the burial environment in the preservation of mummified human remains.

The Solar Transmittance of Some Convection Suppression Devices for Solar Energy Applications: An Experimental Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Azimuth Angle ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Correlation Equations ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Extensive Information

The solar transmittance of seven convection suppression devices (CDSs) has been measured as a function of both angle of incidence and azimuth angle using a large integrating sphere test facility. The CSD designs tested include a honeycomb and various slat geometries made from FEP Teflon1 film, and a tubular glass honeycomb. All FEP Teflon CSDs tested had solar transmittances not less than 0.94 for angles of incidence up to 45 deg, whereas for the glass tubular CSD, the solar transmittance was not less than 0.87 over the same range. The results for FEP Teflon CSDs compare well with previous theoretical and experimental studies of similar CSDs. Empirical solar transmittance correlation equations have been derived, based on a simple CSD solar transmittance model, and they match the measured performance of the CSDs to within 2 percent. The transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance of each CSD to isotropic diffuse radiation have been determined. The radiation properties data presented provides extensive information on some alternative CSD designs, some of which have not been analysed previously.

Concordia Transform-Based Current Analysis for Induction Motor Diagnosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
Jin Jiang Wang ◽  
Robert X. Gao ◽  
Ru Qiang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Instantaneous Frequency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bearing Defects ◽  
Bearing Defect ◽  
Three Phase

This paper presents a new approach for bearing defect diagnosis in induction motor by taking advantage of three-phase stator current analysis based on Concordia transform. The current signature caused by bearing defect is firstly analyzed using an analytic model. Concordia transform is performed to extract the instantaneous frequency based on phase demodulation. The bearing defect feature is then identified via spectrum analysis of the variation of current instantaneous frequency. Both simulation and experimental studies are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method in identifying bearing defects. The method is inherently low cost, non-invasive, and computational efficient, making it a good candidate for various applications.

Experimental Analysis of Loss Mechanisms in a Gas Spring

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sapin ◽  
Drazen Fabris ◽  
Alexander J. White ◽  
Aly Taleb ◽  
Christos N. Markides
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pulse Signal ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Piston Cylinder ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Storage Solutions ◽  
Bulk Parameters

Reciprocating-piston compressors and expanders are promising solutions to achieve higher overall efficiencies in various energy storage solutions. This article presents an experimental study of the exergetic losses in a gas spring. Considering a valveless piston-cylinder system allows us to focus on the thermodynamic losses due to thermal-energy exchange processes in reciprocating components. To differentiate this latter loss mechanism from mass leakages or frictional dissipation, three bulk parameters are measured. Pressure and volume are respectively measured with a pressure transducer and a rotary sensor. The gas temperature is estimated by measuring the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) of an ultrasonic pulse signal across the gas chamber. This technique has the advantage of being fast and non-invasive. The measurement of three bulk parameters allows us to calculate the work as well as the heat losses throughout a cycle. The thermodynamic loss is also measured for different rotational speeds. The results are in good agreement with previous experimental studies and can be employed to validate CFD or analytical studies currently under development.

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