scholarly journals Three-dimensional single-cell imaging with X-ray waveguides in the holographic regime

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krenkel ◽  
Mareike Toepperwien ◽  
Frauke Alves ◽  
Tim Salditt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Cell Imaging ◽  
Space Wave

X-ray tomography at the level of single biological cells is possible in a low-dose regime, based on full-field holographic recordings, with phase contrast originating from free-space wave propagation. Building upon recent progress in cellular imaging based on the illumination by quasi-point sources provided by X-ray waveguides, here this approach is extended in several ways. First, the phase-retrieval algorithms are extended by an optimized deterministic inversion, based on a multi-distance recording. Second, different advanced forms of iterative phase retrieval are used, operational for single-distance and multi-distance recordings. Results are compared for several different preparations of macrophage cells, for different staining and labelling. As a result, it is shown that phase retrieval is no longer a bottleneck for holographic imaging of cells, and how advanced schemes can be implemented to cope also with high noise and inconsistencies in the data.

scholarly journals Noninvasive 3D Structural Analysis of Arthropod by Synchrotron X-Ray Phase Contrast Tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengkun Yao ◽  
Yunbing Zong ◽  
Jiadong Fan ◽  
Zhibin Sun ◽  
Huaidong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

X-ray imaging techniques significantly advanced our understanding of materials and biology, among which phase contrast X-ray microscopy has obvious advantages in imaging biological specimens which have low contrast by conventional absorption contrast microscopy. In this paper, three-dimensional microstructure of arthropod with high contrast has been demonstrated by synchrotron X-ray in-line phase contrast tomography. The external morphology and internal structures of an earthworm were analyzed based upon tomographic reconstructions with and without phase retrieval. We also identified and characterized various fine structural details such as the musculature system, the digestive system, the nervous system, and the circulatory system. This work exhibited the high efficiency, high precision, and wide potential applications of synchrotron X-ray phase contrast tomography in nondestructive investigation of low-density materials and biology.

scholarly journals Towards tender X-rays with Zernike phase-contrast imaging of biological samples at 50 nm resolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismo Vartiainen ◽  
Martin Warmer ◽  
Dennis Goeries ◽  
Eva Herker ◽  
Rudolph Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lipid Droplet Formation ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Science Application

X-ray microscopy is a commonly used method especially in material science application, where the large penetration depth of X-rays is necessary for three-dimensional structural studies of thick specimens with high-Zelements. In this paper it is shown that full-field X-ray microscopy at 6.2 keV can be utilized for imaging of biological specimens with high resolution. A full-field Zernike phase-contrast microscope based on diffractive optics is used to study lipid droplet formation in hepatoma cells. It is shown that the contrast of the images is comparable with that of electron microscopy, and even better contrast at tender X-ray energies between 2.5 keV and 4 keV is expected.

scholarly journals X-ray structural analysis of single adult cardiomyocytes: tomographic imaging and micro-diffraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reichardt ◽  
C. Neuhaus ◽  
J-D. Nicolas ◽  
M. Bernhardt ◽  
K. Toischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Diffraction Signal

ABSTRACTWe present a multi-scale imaging approach to characterize the structure of isolated adult murine cardiomyocytes based on a combination of full-field three-dimensional (3d) coherent x-ray imaging and scanning x-ray diffraction. Using these modalities, we probe the structure from the molecular to the cellular scale. Holographic projection images on freeze-dried cells have been recorded using highly coherent and divergent x-ray waveguide radiation. Phase retrieval and tomographic reconstruction then yield the 3d electron density distribution with a voxel size below 50 nm. In the reconstruction volume, myofibrils, sarcomeric organisation and mitochondria can be visualized and quantified within a single cell without sectioning. Next, we use micro-focusing optics by compound refractive lenses to probe the diffraction signal of the acto-myosin lattice. Comparison between recordings of chemically fixed and untreated, living cells indicate that the characteristic lattice distances shrink by approximately 10% upon fixation.SIGNIFICANCEDiffraction with synchrotron radiation has played an important role to decipher the molecular structure underlying force generation in muscle. In this work, the diffraction signal of the actomyosin contractile unit has for the first time been recorded from living cardiomyocytes, bringing muscle diffraction to the scale of single cells. In addition to scanning diffraction, we use coherent optics at the same synchrotron endstation to perform holographic imaging and tomography on a single cardiomyocyte. By this hard x-ray microscopy modality, we extend the length scales covered by scanning diffraction and reconstruct the electron density of an entire freeze-dried cardiomyocyte, visualizing the 3d architecture of myofibrils, sarcomers, and mitochondria with a voxel size below 50 nm.

scholarly journals A phase-retrieval toolbox for X-ray holography and tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon M. Lohse ◽  
Anna-Lena Robisch ◽  
Mareike Töpperwien ◽  
Simon Maretzke ◽  
Martin Krenkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
And Performance

Propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging is by now a well established imaging technique, which – as a full-field technique – is particularly useful for tomography applications. Since it can be implemented with synchrotron radiation and at laboratory micro-focus sources, it covers a wide range of applications. A limiting factor in its development has been the phase-retrieval step, which was often performed using methods with a limited regime of applicability, typically based on linearization. In this work, a much larger set of algorithms, which covers a wide range of cases (experimental parameters, objects and constraints), is compiled into a single toolbox – the HoloTomoToolbox – which is made publicly available. Importantly, the unified structure of the implemented phase-retrieval functions facilitates their use and performance test on different experimental data.

Three-dimensional measurements of the lower extremity in children and adolescents using a low-dose biplanar X-ray device

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Gheno ◽  
Eric Nectoux ◽  
Bernard Herbaux ◽  
Matteo Baldisserotto ◽  
Luiz Glock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimensional Measurements

Visualization of microvasculature and thrombi by X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography in hepatocellular carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Jian ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Xinyan Zhao ◽  
Ruijiao Xuan ◽  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
Micrometer Scale

Visualization of the microvascular network and thrombi in the microvasculature is a key step to evaluating the development of tumor growth and metastasis, and influences treatment selection. X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCCT) is a new imaging technique that can detect minute changes of density and reveal soft tissues discrimination at micrometer-scale resolution. In this study, six human resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues were investigated with PCCT. A histological stain was added to estimate the accuracy of PCCT. The results showed that the fine structures of the microvasculature (measuring 30–100 µm) and thrombi in tiny blood vessels were displayed clearly on imaging the HCC tissues by PCCT. Moreover, density distributions of the thrombi were obtained, which could be reliably used to distinguish malignant from benign thrombi in HCC. In conclusion, PCCT can clearly show the three-dimensional subtle structures of HCC that cannot be detected by conventional absorption-based computed tomography and provides a new method for the imageology of HCC.

scholarly journals Gauging low-dose X-ray phase-contrast imaging at a single and large propagation distance

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 4331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Hofmann ◽  
Alexander Schober ◽  
Steffen Hahn ◽  
Julian Moosmann ◽  
Jubin Kashef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Low-dose phase contrast mammography with conventional x-ray sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 090701 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Olivo ◽  
S. Gkoumas ◽  
M. Endrizzi ◽  
C. K. Hagen ◽  
M. B. Szafraniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Three-dimensional propagation in near-field tomographic X-ray phase retrieval

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aike Ruhlandt ◽  
Tim Salditt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reconstruction Quality ◽  
Consistency Constraints

This paper presents an extension of phase retrieval algorithms for near-field X-ray (propagation) imaging to three dimensions, enhancing the quality of the reconstruction by exploiting previously unused three-dimensional consistency constraints. The approach is based on a novel three-dimensional propagator and is derived for the case of optically weak objects. It can be easily implemented in current phase retrieval architectures, is computationally efficient and reduces the need for restrictive prior assumptions, resulting in superior reconstruction quality.

White matter imaging of ethanol-fixed rat brain by phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110307
Author(s):  
Thet-Thet- Lwin ◽  
Akio Yoneyama ◽  
Shogo Kokubo ◽  
Hiroko Maruyama ◽  
Kazuyuki Hyodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Values ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Background Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography imaging (PCI) based on crystal X-ray interferometry can detect minute density differences within biological soft tissues without contrast agents. Ethanol fixation yields increased tissue-background density differences due to the dehydrating and delipidifying effects of ethanol. Purpose To obtain high image contrast of cerebral white matter structures in PCI, tissue fixation using ethanol and routinely used formalin have been examined. Material and Methods Ethanol-fixed (EF) (n = 4) and formalin-fixed (FF) (n = 4) rat brains were imaged by crystal X-ray interferometry-based PCI. Tissue staining/microscopy was also performed for histological comparison and myelin density evaluation. Three-dimensional white matter tract images were reconstructed. Results Superior image contrast was obtained in the images of EF brains (EF images) compared to those of formalin-fixed brains (FF images), particularly for white matter structures. Significant density differences between the white matter structures and hippocampus ( P < 0.01)/thalamus ( P < 0.001) were observed in the EF, but not FF, images. Ethanol fixation enhanced the image contrast of white matter tracts by approximately sixfold compared to formalin fixation, and close agreement (r2 = 0.97; P < 0.05) between the density values on the CT images and the myelin density values in histological images was observed for the EF brains. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the white matter tracts was possible from the EF images, but not FF images. Conclusion Ethanol fixation resulted in marked contrast enhancement of cerebral white matter structures in PCI. Thus, high-resolution PCI using ethanol for tissue fixation could be valuable for experimental neurological studies and postmortem neuropathology evaluation.

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