Immigrant effects and international business activity: an overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Enderwick ◽  
Rosalie L. Tung ◽  
Henry F.L. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
International Business ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Intellectual Knowledge ◽  
Contemporary Context

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the myriad linkages between cross‐border migration and international business activity through a conceptual framework of international arbitrage.Design/methodology/approachWhile labour is internationally the least integrated of the various markets (capital, product, labour) the increasing co‐movement of both tasks and workers has created opportunities for the arbitrage and exploitation of differences between national labour markets. Because national labour markets typically display the two characteristics of separation and price discrepancy it is possible to utilise the principle of arbitrage and within this framework examine cost, intellectual, knowledge and employment arbitrage.FindingsThe discussion suggests that international business offers valuable insights into migration processes and effects which have been dominated by the research approaches of other disciplines. It is found that migrants can help reduce transaction costs for bilateral trade, contribute to nostalgic trade, encourage outsourcing and foreign direct investment through referrals and performance signalling, assist country of origin development through remittances and return migration and provide valuable knowledge to their employers in the country of residence.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is a conceptual one which offers no new empirical results but does provide a context for the interpretation of the more specialised studies that appear in this special issue. There is a need for research on this topic to be firmly grounded in the contemporary context of an increasingly integrated global economy. It also suggests a number of specific areas where further work would be useful.Originality/valueThe key contribution of the paper is in developing a comprehensive conceptual framework – that of labour market arbitrage – which enables a clearer understanding of the complex impacts of international migration on international business activity. It also distinguishes between direct and indirect effects.

HR analytics and performance appraisal system

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshu Sharma ◽  
Tanuja Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Employees Satisfaction ◽  
Management Area ◽  
And Performance

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the role of human resource (HR) analytics on employees’ willingness to improve performance. In doing so, the paper examines issues related to the performance appraisal (PA) system which affect employees’ willingness to improve performance and how HR analytics can be a potential solution to deal with such issues. Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a conceptual framework along with propositions by integrating both academic and practitioner literatures, in the field of HR analytics and performance management. FindingsThe paper proposes that the use of HR analytics will be negatively related to subjectivity bias in the PA system, thereby positively affecting employees’ perceived accuracy and fairness. This further positively affects employees’ satisfaction with the PA system, which subsequently increases employees’ willingness to improve performance. Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides implications for both researchers and practitioners in the performance management area for improving employees’ performance by applying HR analytics as a strategic tool in the PA system. It also provides implications for future researchers to empirically test the conceptual framework in different organizational settings. Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into how the use of HR analytics can deal with issues of subjectivity bias in the PA system and positively affects employees’ willingness to improve performance.

The development of innovations in organizations: the role of creative energy fields

Kybernetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Arild Johannessen ◽  
Hugo Skaalsvik
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Individual Enterprise ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – One problem that many organisations face today in the global economy is that too few ideas are turned into innovations. The purpose of this paper is to show how innovations in organisations may be obtained by means of creative energy fields. Design/methodology/approach – The design employed in the research represents a holistic, change oriented approach to innovation, and the methodology is conceptual where an analytical model is used. Findings – The paper provides arguments that organisations need to develop creative energy fields in order to enhance their innovative capacity and performance. In the paper the construct creative energy field is conceptualised as “a spot in an organisation where a Group of creative individuals collaborate and work together in order to bring to surface new ideas which may fuel innovation processes and Development in organisations”. The paper shows that creative energy fields are influenced by five distinct components; those of making a clear purpose, planning after the results have become apparant, an organisation’s rule breakers, drawing a map that changes the landscape, and igniting the flame of innovation. Furthermore, the findings encompass three conditions which need to be present in an organisation in order to make creative energy fields work. Research limitations/implications – The carried out focuses on the individual organisation which aims to enhance innovation performance. Practical implications – In relation to practical implications, the paper shows, in particular, how an organisation may move into areas of innovation by means of a Lego system of organising. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, the creation and use of a novel construct, that of creative energy fields, represents newness and originality in innovation research at the level of the individual enterprise. Furthermore, the paper contributes to the extant management knowledge of innovation by showing how a Lego system of organising may foster innovation at the enterprise level.

Technology business incubation for start-up generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Subrahmanya Mungila Hillemane ◽  
Krishna Satyanarayana ◽  
Deepak Chandrashekar
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Incubation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Purpose Technology business incubators (TBIs) form an indispensable part of an entrepreneurial ecosystem for the promotion of tech start-ups across the global economy. However, they have evolved in varied forms over a period of time, in terms of typologies, sponsors and stakeholders, goals and objectives, functions and services offered, process of incubation support provided through hard and soft infrastructure, outcomes and achievements and even in terms of theoretical bases. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to review the extant literature on TBIs to arrive at a framework that explains how TBIs contribute to start-up generation. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews extant empirical literature for a systematic evaluation to throw light on the various dimensions of TBIs: typology, goals and objectives, functions and services, process and provision of incubation support, outcomes and achievements. Further, after critically reviewing some of the theoretical propositions, it develops a conceptual framework combining pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation processes of TBIs. Findings Based on literature understanding and some of the key theoretical constructs, a conceptual framework is developed comprising pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation stages of start-up formation and graduation. The paper also identifies some prospective areas for future research. Research limitations/implications Any empirical research on technology business incubation must focus on pre-incubation and post-incubation processes as much as on the incubation process, to derive meaningful implications and enhance the productivity of TBIs. Originality/value The conceptual framework derived out of the systematic literature review will enable further research and exploration of micro-aspects of pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation phases across multiple dimensions.

Is there a commendable regime for combatting money laundering in international business transactions?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Emerson Clarke
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
State Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Money laundering and grand business corruption continue to plague the global economy, accounting for 2%-5% of the global gross domestic product. Illicit funds, produced through grand corruption, are laundered using complex layering schemes that cloak them in legitimacy by concealing their origins. Lamentably, weak anti-money laundering (AML) frameworks promote economic instability, unjust commercial advantages and organized crimes. This study aims to highlight the need for comprehensive anti-corruption and AML frameworks by critiquing the exploitable gaps in the global AML regime created by heterogeneous state-level AML regimes to date. Design/methodology/approach This study welcomes the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and the financial action task force (FATF) recommendations but underscores the limitations of their effectiveness by investigating state-level enforcement mechanisms to determine these instruments’ true impact or lack thereof. The mutual evaluation reports (MERs) and state-level AML regimes in the UK, the USA and Canada are analyzed to illustrate the distinct implementation of international soft law in domestic legislation. Findings This study finds that UNCAC and the FATF recommendations are pivotal steps towards the establishment of a global AML regime for international business, albeit, one that remains imperfect because of the inconsistency of state-level AML frameworks. Consequently, international cooperation is needed to navigate and improve the discrepancies in varied AML legislation. Originality/value The author provides an in-depth and balanced analysis of current state-level AML developments and relies upon the recent 2016-2018 MERs to indicate the successes and flaws of various AML legislation. Therefore, this critique may guide stakeholders to construct robust AML frameworks and contributes to academic research in AML.

Internationalization and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises from emerging economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-663
Author(s):  
Eva Cristina Manotas ◽  
Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Risk Function ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hazard Functions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to introduce the use of hazards functions for studying the relationship between internationalization and performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach Hazards functions analysis is applied to a sample of 64 companies, previously grouped into two subsets of manufacturing SMEs from an emerging economy. The first group contains firms that have attained an accelerated internationalization. And the second one those that have followed a sequential internationalization. Findings The results show strong evidence that internationalization positively affects the probability of a better performance, and therefore more competitiveness of SMEs. Practical implications The proposed methodology is an invitation to use models other than linear regression to explain the relationship between internationalization and performance, studying the risk function of poor performance, whose characterization in the lifetime of SMEs. The result of this study clearly illustrates how internationalization affects the performance of SMEs for both those SMEs with accelerated internationalization and those with a sequential process of internationalization. Social implications The implementation of quantitative methodologies, such as the analysis of hazards, has implications in the social practice of research in international business, by inviting the return of data from primary sources, obtained from direct sources, which, although they are not large samples, they are representative, and therefore the results of the well-applied methodology offer powerful and high-reliability information. Irreproducible and non-replicable research results threaten the credibility, usefulness and the very basis of all scientific fields. Studies in entrepreneurship, management and in international business are not exempt from this problem that affects the ethics and credibility of research works. Originality/value A literature review is presented exposing the disadvantages of the use of traditional correlation methodologies and proposes the methodology traditionally used in industrial engineering studies of hazard functions as a simple option, free of previous assumptions about the relation between internationalization and performance. Finally, the methodology is subjected to triple testing of conceptualization and measurement of internationalization, performance and the relation between internationalization and performance.

Co-creating value with suppliers: a conceptual framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-227
Author(s):  
Paulo Sergio Altman Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mutual Change

PurposeThis study aims to put forward a conceptual framework to promote strategies for exploring and exploiting value co-creation with suppliers through dynamic capabilities development.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual framework was developed by applying deductive logic to blend the theoretical perspectives of value co-creation and dynamic capabilities concerning interaction and innovation.FindingsThe suggested framework emphasized that to co-create value with suppliers, health-care organizations need to integrate innovation abilities with interactional abilities for assimilating mutual processes and resources. The study also points out the crucial role of middle managers to articulate the diverse value perspectives and act as change catalysts.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a roadmap for health-care managers to develop internal bundles of resources and integrate inter-organizational processes in the direction of co-creating value. The approach suggests the use of project pipelines and performance measures as managerial tools for aligning value co-creating initiatives with suppliers.Originality/valueThe study is a pioneering attempt to develop a conceptual framework for co-creating value with suppliers and, consequently, to provide innovative services to patients. The study aligns with previous value co-creation and dynamic capabilities works in terms of interaction and innovation development. However, based on the interrelation of these two dimensions, the study puts forth four interrelated processes (experimenting new possibilities of value creation; articulating value alignment initiatives; implementing mutual benefits; and executing and managing performance improvement) attached by mutual change mechanisms.

Chinese CSR standards and industrial policy in GPNs

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Braun-Munzinger
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
International Business ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Value Creation ◽  
Policy Objectives

Purpose Public policy to promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be a tool used by the state to promote the creation of social value by multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their global suppliers. Yet, this aspect has been little explored in the literature on social value creation in international business. While there is a substantial literature on the interactions of public and private regulation of firm behaviour in the global economy, little is known about the emergence of local institutional environments aimed at creating social value from MNE activities. This paper aims to address this gap in the literature. Design/methodology/approach Conceptually, the paper draws on the literatures on global production networks (GPNs) and on institutional approaches to CSR to grasp the local institutional environment for social value creation in MNEs and their suppliers. Empirically, the case of China is examined based on a review of literature, policy documents and interviews. The key questions the paper seeks to address is as follows: How can the emergence of local Chinese CSR standards be explained? How does the emergence of such CSR standards fit into wider policy objectives in the context of Chinese export-oriented growth? Findings The paper argues that the emergence of CSR standards in China needs to be seen in the context of changing industrial policy objectives to enhance both the social and economic value of participation in GPNs. Specifically, the evolution of Chinese CSR standards corresponds to a shift from structural towards functional coupling in GPNs, associated with increased policy attention on enhancing local skills and technology. Taking the case of the textile and apparel sector as an example, the paper illustrates how the adoption of China’s first CSR management system has taken place in a context of shifting strategic coupling objectives. Research limitations/implications A lack of data does not allow any conclusions on the impact of the Chinese institutional environment on social value creation and economic upgrading at firm level. This question could be addressed in further research. In addition, the findings open new questions around possible synergies between local policies and MNE efforts on sustainability. Increasing cooperation between Chinese and international standard setters around CSR opens the question of whether this leads to a convergence of horizontal and vertical governance on sustainability in the apparel GPN. Practical implications Findings show that there may be a window of opportunity for international practitioners to seek further dialogue with Chinese actors around promoting socially and environmentally sustainable business in a global economy. Originality/value The paper contributes to a better understanding of changes in the institutional environment for social value creation for MNEs and their suppliers in a key emerging economy. It illustrates how institutional approaches to CSR and the GPN framework can be combined to grasp the institutional environment for social value creation in an international business context.

Communicating shared vision and leadership styles towards enhancing performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Syahirah Mohd Adnan ◽  
Raju Valliappan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Science And Technology Policies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Technology Policies

Purpose Communicating vision of science and technology to inform and educate the nation is absolutely a way to expand science and technology literacy and promote industry growth. The scientific and progressive society has become one of the important agendas in realizing Malaysia to become a developed country. In line with the country’s agenda, this study focuses to discuss the concept of scientific and progressive society as stated in 2020 Vision and also to identify the gaps and challenges of the science and technology policies. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the relations between shared vision attributes and the effect of leadership styles of leaders within science and technology industry. Design/methodology/approach The study discuses about conceptual framework to analyze different leadership styles through the lenses of qualitative textual analysis and theoretically linked to shared-vision theory, leadership theories and performance theories. Findings The study identify gaps and challenges of the science and technology policies in Malaysia and proposed the conceptual framework with questioning the notion of shared vision as a principle theories, leadership styles and performance, significant to further assess the assumptions. Originality/value The study and its proposed framework is based on the literature reviews that may enhance knowledge and may help in identifying gaps in the policies of the science and technology industry in Malaysia.

Reforms' concrete impact on Turkey may not be obvious

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
International Business ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Subject The outlook for economic reform. Significance The government is carrying out a series of changes to laws and regulations affecting the business environment, aiming to make the economy more competitive and encouraging investors. Legislation on taxation and labour markets is already before parliament. Some landmark changes could be made, particularly in taxation. Other steps may be minor or partial, and their contribution to the economy and business environment may be less clear. Impacts The reform process may well help stabilise Turkey's ranking in international business indices. For individual firms, significant opportunities or benefits could arise, or changes in the environments in which they operate. Financial markets will react positively to progress on reforms, despite a focus on global financial and economic conditions and politics.

Demographics will underpin global productivity trends

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Content Type

Subject Global demographic trends. Significance Unprecedented demographic change confronts the global economy. By 2050, populations will grow the fastest in Africa and India while Japan's will fall by 15%, Russia's by 14% and Germany's by 12%. Impacts With no immigration, Germany's population will fall by 30 million by 2050 rather than the projected 10 million. High growth is probable in India and parts of Africa, where population growth is stronger. Governments facing demographic decline will need to reform their labour markets and health systems, while encouraging immigration.

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