Effect of microstructure on corrosion of welded joints of X80 steel in water saturated supercritical CO2

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Hongda Deng ◽  
Xianlong Cao ◽  
Yongbo Yan ◽  
Kuanya Xie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corrosion Scale ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
X80 Steel ◽  
Water Saturated

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to research whether microstructure varieties of zones at welded joints pose a tremendous effect on its corrosion in SC-CO2. Design/methodology/approach The interrelation between the corrosion and microstructure of base metal (BM), fine grain heat affected zone (FHAZ), coarse grain heat affected zone and weld metal (WM) in welded of X80 steel in water saturated supercritical CO2 was studied by using optical microscope, weight loss test, electrochemical measurements and surface analytical techniques. Findings The all subzones of X80 weld joints were attacked by SC-CO2 corrosion and showed flower-like corrosion scale spots consisted of granular FeCO3. The most severe corrosion appeared at WM due to lower proportion of ferrite to pearlite, but the slightest corrosion displayed at BM. GHAZ with larger grains and more polygonal ferrite exhibited more severe corrosion than that at BM. Due to its smaller grain, FHAZ displayed comparatively more severe corrosion to that at BM. Originality/value There exists close interrelation between the corrosion and microstructure of the welded carbon steel in water saturated supercritical CO2.

The use of hydroxyethyl cellulose as a transparent filling material in finishing polish

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jülide Erkmen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alkyd Resins ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to propose a solution to decrease the environmental pollution caused by alkyd resins that harm the environment during their production and use. Design/methodology/approach A commercially produced polish formulation was used in the study. To reduce the use of this formulation in finishing polish, a water-saturated transparent solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose was used as a transparent filling material. Findings The use of hydroxyethyl cellulose at its optimum concentration in finishing polish only reduced the gloss by 0.027 per cent. The amount of alkyd was reduced by 24 per cent in weight. Research limitations/implications The literature contained highly limited information on this subject. No transparent filling material was found. Thus, no comparison can be made with other studies. Practical implications The results obtained from this study can help manufacturers in the polish industry to produce varnish in a more cost-effective and eco-friendly way. Originality/value Considerable amount of volatile organic compounds released into the atmosphere as a result of the use of solvent-based dye/varnishes in the woodworking industry alone proves the importance of water-based systems. The results of this study indicate both economic and environmental gain.

Beyond green façades: active air-cooling vertical gardens

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Maks Davis ◽  
Andrea Lorena Vallejo Espinosa ◽  
Francisco Rene Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Monteith Equation

Purpose Vertical gardens offer multiple benefits in urban environments, including passive cooling services. Previous research explored the use of “active vertical gardens” as potential evaporative air-cooling units by developing a mathematical model based on the FAO-56 Penman Monteith equation. Further research showed that active vertical gardens function best by creating an airflow in the cavity behind the garden such that air is cooled by flowing over the water-saturated garden substrate. The purpose of this paper is to improve the quantification of active vertical garden performance. Design/methodology/approach A building-incorporated vertical garden was built in Quito, Ecuador, with an air inlet at the top of the garden, an air cavity behind the garden and where air was expelled from the base. Measurements were made of air temperature, humidity and velocity at the air inlet and outlet. Findings The active vertical garden cooled the air by an average of 8.1 °C with an average cooling capacity of 682.8 W. Including the effects of pre-cooling at the garden inlet, the garden cooled the air by an average of 14.3 °C with an average cooling capacity of 1,203.2 W. Originality/value The results are promising and support the potential for active vertical gardens to be incorporated into building services and climate control.

Analytics based decision making

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Different Types

Purpose – This paper aims to trace the history, application areas and users of Classical Analytics and Big Data Analytics. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses different types of Classical and Big Data Analytical techniques and application areas from the early days to present day. Findings – Businesses can benefit from a deeper understanding of Classical and Big Data Analytics to make better and more informed decisions. Originality/value – This is a historical perspective from the early days of analytics to present day use of analytics.

Innovation types and performance in growing UK SMEs

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegoke Oke ◽  
Gerard Burke ◽  
Andrew Myers
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Telecommunications Industries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

PurposeThe objective of this study is to explore the types of innovation that are predominant in UK SMEs, whether they are predominantly radical or incremental, and to investigate the impact of these innovations on performance.Design/methodology/approachA web‐based survey instrument was used to administer survey questionnaires to a sample of UK SMEs in manufacturing, engineering, electronics, information technology and telecommunications industries. The response rate was 13.8 percent. Relevant statistical analytical techniques including regression for analysis was then used.FindingsIt is found that the SMEs tend to focus more on incremental than radical innovations and that this focus is related to growth in sales turnover.Practical implicationsIt is not such a bad idea for SMEs, particularly those operating in high technological industries, to focus on incremental innovations as these are actually related positively to sales turnover growth.Originality/valueAn investigation of the types of innovation that SMEs pursue is pioneering in the field as previous studies of this type have been based on large firms. The contention that the raison d'etre of SMEs is to develop radical innovations is not supported empirically, at least for the sample of SMEs. In addition, it is found that the age of an SME is not related to its focus on either incremental or radical innovation. These are the contributions of this paper.

A viewpoint from the trenches

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sergius Koku
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to present the author’s viewpoint on the developments in the Journal of Services Marketing (JSM) during the past 25 years of his association with the Journal. The paper documents the evolution in the Journal, highlights significant changes and makes some prognostications for the future. Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on the first-hand account of the author, which is supplemented by limited qualitative data analysis that consists of analyzing keywords and the abstract of articles published in JSM during the past 25 years. Findings The first-hand account shows that JSM has undergone changes that reflect changes that have taken place in the field of marketing. The issues/topics of manuscripts submitted and published in the Journal have become interdisciplinary and so are the analytical techniques. This expanding scope of the Journal positions it well for the future in which collaborative research will be more pervasive in the academy. Research limitations/implications This is a first-hand account with limited data analysis and therefore could suffer from the writer’s biases even though they might be unintended. Practical implications This paper documents the expanding scope of the Journal that may have been the result of explicit steps taken to make the Journal more successful in the future. Originality/value As a first-hand account, this study is original.

Temper Embrittlement Analyses at HAZ in New Generation of 2-1/4Cr-1Mo Steels by CTOD Tests

Materials ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronio Zumpano ◽  
Itamar Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
New Generation

Temper embrittlement susceptibility was analyzed at HAZ of welded joints at room temperature in new generation of 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steels. Assessment was made by fracture toughness parameter CTODm in welded joints at coarse-grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) and fine-grain heat affected zone (FGHAZ). Microstructural analysis was made before and after CTODm tests to place correctly fatigue pre crack at CGHAZ or at FGHAZ. Temper embrittlement simulation was made by “Step Cooling” treatment. Hardness results and microstructural analysis proved the use of stress associated with “Step Cooling” made the efficacy of this treatment better. The control of impurities content in the steel avoids development of temper embrittlement. This was confirmed by fracture toughness experiments at room temperature. No significant variation on CTODm results of three different situations of treatment and between CGHAZ and FGHAZ were observed. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis indicated fracture mechanism after embrittlement simulation was microvoids coalescence.

Characterization of Intergranular Corrosion in Heat-Affected Zone of Low Carbon 12Cr-Ni Ferritic Stainless Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 260-268
Author(s):  
Huai Bei Zheng ◽  
Xiao Ning Ye ◽  
Zheng Cai ◽  
Lai Zhu Jiang ◽  
Zhen Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Residual Tensile Stress ◽  
Low Carbon

Intergranular corrosion in heat-affected zone of low carbon 12Cr-Ni ferritic stainless steel was investigated by the method of practice Z in ASTM A 763-93. The microstructure of welded joint was characterized using an optical microscope and a scanning electronic microscope. Severe intergranular corrosion (IGC) was only observed in low temperature heat-affected zone (LTHAZ) adjacent to base metals at the back of the welded joints in unstabilized steel. On the other hand, IGC was not observed in the welded joints of stabilized steels. According to the analysis of microstructure, the severe IGC is attributed to both the precipitated phase along the grain boundaries inducing the presence of chromium-depleted zone and the welding residual tensile stress promoting the corrosion. Therefore, stabilized elements addition such as Ti and Nb is required in order to avoid the IGC in welded joint of these steels. Relief residual tensile stress by post weld heat treatment would also be an effective method to avoid the IGC in the welded joints of these steels.

Prediction of heat affected zone and other mechanical properties of welded joints of HSLA A588-B of jet blast deflector

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Waghmare ◽  
A.S. Dhoble ◽  
Ravindra Taiwade ◽  
Jagesvar Verma ◽  
Himanshu Vashishtha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict and optimize the width of heat affected zone (HAZ) with better mechanical properties using suitable welding process and parameters for the fabrication of jet blast deflector (JBD) (high strength low alloy material of grade A588-B was used for fabrication) so that the JBD can sustain high exhaust parameters, because there are different welding zones formed due to the rapid cooling of weld metals. Out of the various zones of welding, HAZ remains the weakest zone in the entire weldment. Design/methodology/approach The present work describes the modeling, simulation, Modeling of three-dimensional plate and mess generation process are carried out using ICEM CFD software. FLUENT 16.0 software is used for ANSYS simulation where various models are used for analysis and results are validated with the experimental outcomes. High strength low alloy plates are welded by using shielded metal arc welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding processes with two different electrodes. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for metallurgical study. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile strength test, vickers microhardness test and impact test. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by performing the potentiodynamic polarization test. Findings The present study indicated for better mechanical properties and improved corrosion resistance for TIG welded joints with type 308 L filler. Practical implications In aeronautical, defense, space and research organizations. Originality/value It can be shown from the scanning electron microscope technique that sound weld joint is produced with very good mechanical properties and joint also showed better corrosion resistance.

Canadian competitive intelligence practices – a study of practicing strategic and competitive intelligence professionals Canadian members

foresight ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Calof
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Competitive Intelligence ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Communication Methods

Purpose With intelligence (a field related to foresight) practice growing, the purpose of this study was to examine the practices of Canadian competitive intelligence (CI) practitioners. Design/methodology/approach Survey of Canadian CI practitioners who are SCIP members (Strategic and Competitive Intelligence Professional), using a revision to a previously used instrument designed to examine competitive intelligence practices. Findings Canadian SCIP member competitive intelligence practices seem to be more formalized than those found in the global SCIP study in 2006 with 84.8 per cent having a manager with CI responsibilities, 61 per cent with a formal centralized CI unit and only 9 per cent responding that CI was done informally. Intelligence units were generally smaller with 38 per cent having one full-time CI resource and 41 per cent having between 2 and 4 full-time resources. Additional findings on information sources used, analytical techniques used, evaluation methods and communication methods are reported. Research limitations/implications Despite getting responses from close to 50 per cent of SCIP members, the small sample size (79) makes it difficult to generalize the results beyond the Canadian SCIP environment and limits the testing that can be done. Originality/value The last study on Canadian competitive intelligence practices was in 2008, thus part of the originality of the study was getting more recent information on corporate intelligence practice. In addition, this is the first Canadian study to focus specifically on known intelligence practitioners (SCIP members). Past studies focused on companies in general regardless of whether respondents knew what competitive intelligence was or practiced CI.

A network group booking model for airline revenue management

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Vanamalla Venkataraman ◽  
Ankit Kaushik ◽  
Siddharth Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Behaviour ◽  
Bid Price

Purpose Airlines use various analytical techniques to optimally control seats in its various fare classes. Most literature on inventory control does not discuss policies for group arrivals. This study aims to address the literature gap in determining an optimal booking policy which considers the dynamics of group behaviour with respect to cancellations and refunds. Design/methodology/approach An analytical model by which bid price control mechanism can be applied to group bookings is developed through this study. Findings Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the analytical model under various scenarios. A comparison of the model with the traditional model indicates an increase in the total revenue generated. Originality/value The novelty of this work is in modelling the dynamics of group behaviour in a network of flights, and it contributes to the literature on revenue management.

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