Integrated rural development from a historical and global perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-452
Author(s):  
W. James Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrated Rural Development ◽  
Over Time

Purpose With roots dating back to the early twentieth century, integrated rural development (IRD) is a term that became commonplace in international development circles in the 1960s and afterwards. Based largely on a dual concept of helping to meet basic needs and improve the overall quality of life of poor people from rural and remote regions within national contexts, IRD initiatives have undergone a series of shifts in emphases, approaches and funding schemes. The purpose of this paper is to document the historical background and development of IRD initiatives over time. Design/methodology/approach The research design for this study included a series of mixed data collection methods, including case study examples of best practices, interviews and a thorough review of the formal literature, as well as an in-depth examination of alternative and multi-media literature (e.g. project reports, policy reports, government reports, working papers, newspaper articles, internet publications, etc.). Findings The findings of this paper are divided into the following sections. First, key terms of IRD are defined. Next, the background and overview of IRD is introduced including addressing how IRD is viewed as an approach to development, its historical evolution over time, some major IRD initiatives and the major development organizations engaged in promoting IRD. Third, an examination of several IRD models is introduced based on recommended methodologies, noting the sequencing of interventions important to successful IRD initiatives, select examples of IRD initiatives built on public-private partnerships, and the positive and negative outcomes and impacts from select IRD approaches. Originality/value The final section focuses on conclusions and seven key recommendations (or ingredients) outlined by the author as essential for implementing successful IRD initiatives: first, create an enabling environment that is conducive and supportive of IRD; second, establish a National Policy Framework for Integrated Development, which includes IRD; third, establish supportive policies and a legal framework that is based on the National Policy Framework; fourth, include two or more sectoral approaches in the initiative (e.g. agriculture, education, health, employment, infrastructure and industry, environment, etc.); fifth, garner participation and commitment from all stakeholders during each of the planning, implementation and evaluation stages; sixth, secure initial seed capital and funding and afterwards sustained funding streams; and seventh, conduct continual monitoring and evaluation throughout the lifespan of the entire initiative with specific adherence to the four key principles of good governance: coordination, information flow, transparency and accountability.

Forgetting corruption: unlearning the knowledge of corruption in the Indonesian public sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendi Yogi Prabowo ◽  
Jaka Sriyana ◽  
Muhammad Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Conversion ◽  
Eradication Strategy ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Based on the authors’ study, the main purpose of this paper is to ascertain a systematic long-term solution for the corruption problem in the Indonesian public sector from the knowledge management perspective. To achieve its objectives, this paper applies multiple perspectives and theories of corruption and knowledge management on the corruption problem in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the authors’ study to assess the corruption problem in the Indonesian public sector in the past decade through the examination of reports from various institutions and other relevant documents to highlight various behavioral issues in knowledge management in the Indonesian public sector and how they relate to corruption. Findings The authors establish that a major factor behind corruption’s ability to regenerate over time in the Indonesian public sector is the fact that it has become part of knowledge conversion in Indonesian public institutions for so long that removing it would be a very challenging task. To remove corruption from Indonesian public institutions is to remove it from the existing knowledge conversion spiral within these institutions by means of organizational unlearning and re-learning. The primary focus of the unlearning and re-learning process should be to eliminate the knowledge of corruption, in both tacit and explicit forms, and replace it with the knowledge of good governance, accountability and integrity. Through systematic organizational unlearning and re-learning along with other more repressive measures, the risk of corruption in public institutions in Indonesia will gradually diminish over time. Research limitations/implications This study is relying on documentary analysis to highlight the trend in behavioral problems in relation to knowledge conversion in the Indonesian public sector. Future studies should incorporate interviews with corruption offenders and local leaders to gain a more accurate view of how knowledge conversion plays its role in the growth and regeneration of corruption in the Indonesian public sector. Practical implications This paper contributes to the development of corruption eradication strategy by proposing a framework for systematically removing corruption knowledge from an organization. With this, framework resources can be allocated more effectively and efficiently to achieve the objectives of corruption prevention. Originality/value This paper highlights the importance of behavior-oriented approaches in mitigating corruption in the Indonesian public sector.

School boards and superintendents doing local curriculum work

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 842-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Skott
Keyword(s):  
School Boards ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governing System ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Local Work ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The paper is about a specific part of the Swedish governing system: the municipality, which has the responsibility of implementing national school goals. The starting point is an identified local governing chain including the chairman of the politically elected school board, the superintendent, principals and head teachers. It is the first link in this chain which is in focus, between chairmen and superintendents. The purpose of this paper is to investigate their role understanding and enactment: what roles do they have, formally and enacted? Is it a clear or blurred line between them? What can be seen as causing conflict or success? Design/methodology/approach – The paper is part of a larger research project focussing on what happens when national policy meets local governing structures. The project as a whole has a mixed method design and includes surveys with superintendents, politicians and principals. It also includes interviews with chairmen of local school boards, superintendents and principals. In this paper the focus is on interviews made with politicians and superintendents in six (of 290) municipalities followed over time (including a political election between the authors visits). The municipalities are spread over the country, with shifting political majorities. Findings – The authors identify that there seem to be a shared formal role understanding in that politicians are responsible for the what-side and superintendents for the how-side of the local work. The roles are, however, enacted in a blurred zone with role intrusion as an active component. What causes a conflict or not is if the two have a shared understanding of how to play the game. This makes the local work sensitive to changes on the positions. Success comes from a relationship built on trust and where there is a mutual understanding of how to work. Research limitations/implications – The study is built on a small selection of municipalities and must be complemented by further ones to be able to generalize the results. What it can say something about is, however, how actors in six different local settings enact the same kinds of assignments and if there are similarities and differences between their role enactment. Originality/value – Although the study is built on a small selection of municipalities it is unique in that it follows interlinked actors over time, making it possible not only to discuss municipality stereotypes but study human relationships over time. This also makes it possible to discuss new aspects of governing chains.

scholarly journals Irish rural social enterprises and the national policy framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-37
Author(s):  
Lucas Olmedo ◽  
Mara van Twuijver ◽  
Mary O’Shaughnessy ◽  
Alan Sloane
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Rural Development Policies

Abstract There is a growing recognition of the role that social enterprises play in rural areas. In Ireland this is formally acknowledged in recent social enterprises and rural development policies which commit to developing a suite of supports to realise the potential of social enterprises and strengthen their contribution to place-based sustainable rural development. However, these policies offer a generalised approach to social enterprises, compounded to date by the considerable gaps in our knowledge of these organisations. The main purpose of this article is to fill a gap in our understanding of Irish rural social enterprises. Using Defourny & Nyssens’ meso-level framework (2017), this paper presents an analysis of surveys completed by 258 Irish rural social enterprises. Our findings illustrate five clusters which represent different types of Irish rural social enterprises. The findings confirm the validity of applying a meso-level approach for capturing in-country heterogeneity within the social enterprise sector and for informing policy supports for these significant actors in place-based sustainable rural development.

Policymakers’ perspective about e-Government success using AHP approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamad Hassan ◽  
Jongsu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe e-Government has a potential to entrench Good Governance in Pakistan. However, this technology could not be successfully developed and implemented in public sector – despite of efforts made by the Government. Consequently, public sector is suffering from bad Governance, which ultimately affects the Governance as well as e-Government ranking of Pakistan in the globe – as indicated by the UN surveys and other relevant indices. This paper aims to propose a novel techno-policy framework for its successful implementation by considering all relevant critical success factors (CSFs) and determining their relative importance from policymakers’ perspective. Further, it aims to excerpt the root causes of e-Government failure in Pakistan and to derive valuable policy implications for its success in the public sector.Design/methodology/approachThe techno-policy framework was developed by identifying all the CSFs and assimilating them by deploying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach. The survey instrument was designed to compare all the CSFs on the basis of AHP scale and to collect the socio-demographic data. An interview based survey of all the concerned stakeholders was conducted to know their perspective about the proposed framework and to determine their relative importance about all the CSFs. Finally, the empirical estimations were performed by using the Expert-Choice decision-making system.FindingsThe analysis of empirical results depicts that among CSFs’ main-categories –Governanceis the most important; whereas, theManagementandResourcesare relatively more important; however, theSocio-Economicsis relatively less important for the e-Government success in Pakistan. Further, among CSFs’ sub-categories –Political, Managerial, Legislative, Non-Technical, andTechnicalare relatively more important thanSocial, Economic, andScopefor the e-Government success in Pakistan. Lastly, among all CSFs –Political Stability, Managerial Strategy, ICT Policies, Funding, Portal Technology, Education & Skills, Cost, andAutonomyare the most important factors of their respective categories, and which can positively affect the e-Government success in Pakistan.Research limitations/implicationsThis study fills the gap caused by paucity of literature in terms of empirical based techno-policy research in the e-Government domain – from implementation perspective. Further, it serves as a prototype for the prospective researchers, who aim to conduct policy oriented research toward e-Government development in their respective regions.Practical implicationsThe key findings, policy implications & recommendations of this study are quite valuable and of practical significance for the government, policymakers, practitioners, researchers and all the concerned stakeholders and beneficiaries. Further, this study paves a way forward toward entrenching the Good Governance in Pakistan.Originality/valueThis study contributes in several ways. It highlights the significance of e-Government as a technology for attaining Good Governance in Pakistan. Further, it presents consolidated view of all the concerned stakeholders toward the successful implementation of all e-Government programs in Pakistan. Finally, it provides a guideline for the government agencies to formulate their e-Government policy and strategy as per the needs of all stakeholders in Pakistan.

Prioritizing agricultural, rural development and implementing the rural revitalization strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Jun Han
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Service Allocation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Weak Points

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify key missions in the “three nong” domain (i.e. issues related to agriculture, farmers and rural areas in China) that should be successfully accomplished to successfully implement the rural revitalization strategy. Design/methodology/approach Specified objectives involved in the grand goal of “Completing the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects” and China’s current achievements in the “three nong” domain are systematically compared; weak points are discussed and priorities to address these weak points are outlined. Findings In this paper, four key missions are identified: first, to win the battle against poverty; second, to stabilize the bedrock of agricultural and rural development; third, to complete key missions (i.e. to build and develop thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, socialized etiquette and civility, effective governance and prosperous life) in the initial stage of rural revitalization; and finally, to establish an efficient policy framework for prioritizing agricultural and rural development and mobilize resources to support the four priorities in agricultural and rural development (i.e. priorities in personnel, resource, funding and public service allocation). Originality/value This paper is the first to systematically summarize and identify key missions that should be accomplished for the successful implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

Financing university sustainability initiatives in China: actors and processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Liguang Liu ◽  
Lianhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Campus Sustainability ◽  
Routine Manner ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives

Purpose This paper aims to study the mechanism of how the public universities have funded the campus sustainability projects in China, by identifying key actors and examining the processes. Design/methodology/approach Besides a review of campus sustainability initiatives at higher education institutions in China, the case of Central University of Finance and Economics (CUFE) is selected to provide an empirical understanding of the campus sustainability management in a typical university. Findings The paper points to dominant roles played by the state ministries in financing university conservation programs and the absence of a national policy framework and low sustainability proactiveness in a majority of higher educational institutions. It argues that more discretionary power and more policy deliberations are needed for the transformation. Research limitations/implications Universities in China vary distinctively in status, operations and performance. In terms of campus sustainability management, the case of CUFE is highly representative as it shares more common features with universities that develop in a routine manner. Practical implications With the financial support from government agencies, the campus conservation-oriented projects have been conducted and financially supported in hundreds of pilot universities, but failed in diffusing to more universities. This study identifies the barriers and challenges. Social implications An in-depth understanding of the working mechanism in financing university sustainability initiatives will promote a discussion on China’s policymaking process and will provide useful insights regarding its future policy options. Originality/value China has conducted nationwide conservation-oriented campus constriction for almost a decade and many universities increase their investment in campus facilities and their operations; however, there is a lack of understanding of the rationale of the funding models and how they have been implemented.

A stakeholder analysis of government policy intervention in the Ghanaian slum communities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng ◽  
Alexander Preko
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
National Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Slum Upgrading ◽  
Key Issues

Purpose Slum upgrading has received intense attention in the Global South, particularly among stakeholders. This study aims to examine government policy priorities towards slum management with the view of establishing its level of commitment in terms of measures undertaken and identify specific policies to structure the sector. Design/methodology/approach The study systematically reviewed national policies, guided by the frequency statistics method in identifying key issues relating to slums management. Content analysis was used to identify findings into themes and discussed in line with the study’s objectives. Findings The results revealed the government’s determination to upgrade the existing slums, with the establishment of a Ministry for Inner City and Zongo Development to facilitate collaboration between stakeholders in the value chain of slum management. Furthermore, the study established government’s resolve to strengthen the Local Government Act, 1993, and the National Development Planning Act, 1994 within context to pave way for slums upgrading. Research limitations/implications The study used a national policy framework to inform the conclusion reached. Further studies are needed in similar contexts to understand the inputs of government and stakeholders and their contributions towards slum management. This would further expand the frontiers of knowledge in the domain. Practical implications The findings revealed policy-driven that can be used by policymakers, practitioners, housing managers and other relevant stakeholders to create workable policies for slum management. Originality/value This study provides first insight into government commitment to slums management using national policy documents in context.

Rediscovering people, places and traditions: a story of stories

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-147
Author(s):  
Monica Palladino
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrated Rural Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Participatory Rural Development ◽  
Conducting Research

Purpose Focussing on the links among people, places and traditions, this study aims to present the reflections derived from five in-depth personal interviews on traditions regarding wine, fish, cheese making and rural hospitality, collected in a journey across the province of Reggio Calabria in southern Italy. It provides an original view of the “stories” behind the places and the products, useful to inform local development strategies centred on traditional food products. Design/methodology/approach The article presents a novel approach in conducting research that involves collecting information via empathetic interviews and presenting the findings in a reflexive, narrative storytelling style. Findings Empathetic personal interviewing is key to elicit information useful to frame the links among people, places and traditions. The economic motivation is not the main one for people to remain engaged in the production of traditional food products in the province of Reggio Calabria. Pride in linking their activities and the products they make to the territory, its traditions and the culture embedded therein, clearly contribute to define a sense of place that might be further drawn upon in participatory, rural development initiatives. Research limitations/implications Due to the way in which the interviewees have been selected, not all findings can be generalized as applicable to the entire Province or beyond. Practical implications Recognizing the people and the stories behind a product may offer insights on how to design effective, socially sustainable policies that would preserve important traditions. Personal food narratives might contribute, in a unique way, to an effective branding of the products and the territory. Social implications Doing more empathetically participatory research, rather than taking a “neutral” stance in data collection and data crunching, which has traditionally characterized the work of agricultural economists, may help in making the institutions being perceived as less distant by the ultimate beneficiary of development policies and make participatory planning much more effective. Originality/value The article contributes to an emerging area of research at the intersection between agricultural economics and rural development policy. How to highlight and protect the people and their stories as fundamental aspects of the “places”, “products” and “traditions”, remains an area of research that has not yet been fully explored, at least in the rhetoric and discourse on integrated rural development in Italy.

scholarly journals Impact of demographic, political and financial factors on municipal transparency: a dynamic panel approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Rodrigues Brás ◽  
Kathleen M. Dowley
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThis paper seeks to identify some of the most important drivers of Portuguese local government transparency in their activities over time. The recent literature on good governance has repeatedly identified transparency as central to promoting accountability, preventing corruption and mismanagement and stimulating greater civic engagement. As local government is the main provider of many primary services to the population, evaluating its transparency is especially relevant given that misconduct or maladministration will have a strong impact on the population's well-being. Given increased diffusion of European good governance norms and practices, the authors believe the Portuguese case to be relevant across the EU.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a dynamic panel data model to evaluate the simultaneous influence of both political and contextual variables on the municipal transparency index (MTI) in 308 Portuguese municipalities during the period from 2013 to 2017.FindingsThe results suggest support for previous studies that found increased Internet enabled transparency in municipalities with low levels of indebtedness (per capita), are more highly populated, are governed by left-wing parties, demonstrating higher levels of financial efficiency. The urban/rural status, measured by population density, is not a significant predictor.Originality/valueThe paper seeks to confirm earlier analyses of these same data over a longer period of years to substantiate the validity of those findings. This is important especially in the context of the political variable, to demonstrate it was not necessarily a particular collection of left-wing mayors, but that the relationship holds over time, across administrations, because the dataset covers two election periods.

A strategic framework for good governance through e-governance optimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmaljeet Singh Kalsi ◽  
Ravi Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Major Factors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to attempt to find out whether the new information and communication technologies can make a significant contribution to the achievement of the objective of good governance. The study identifies the factors responsible for creating a conducive environment for effective and successful implementation of e-governance for achieving good governance and the possible barriers in the implementation of e governance applications. Based on the comprehensive analysis it proposes a strategic policy framework for good governance in Punjab in India. Punjab is a developed state ranked amongst some of the top states of India in terms of per capita income and infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach – The study designs a framework for good governance by getting the shared vision of all stakeholders about providing good quality administration and governance in the Indian context through “Participatory Stakeholder Assessment”. The study uses descriptive statistics, perception gap, ANOVA and factor analysis to identify the key factors for good governance, the priorities of public regarding e-services, the policy makers’ perspectives regarding good governance to be achieved through e-governance. Findings – The study captures the good governance factors mainly contributing to the shared vision. The study further highlights that most Indian citizens in Punjab today believe in the power of information and communication technology (ICT) and want to access e-governance services. Major factors causing pain and harassment to the citizens in getting the services from various government departments include: unreasonable delay, multiple visits even for small services; poor public infrastructure and its maintenance in government offices. In the understanding of citizens the most important factors for the success of e-governance services are: overall convenience and experience of the citizens; reduction in the corruption levels by improvement in the transparency of government functioning and awareness about the availability of service amongst general masses. Originality/value – The present study has evolved a shared vision of all stakeholders on good governance in the Indian context. It has opened up many new possibilities for the governments, not only to use ICTs and help them in prioritizing the governance areas for focused attention, but also help to understand the mindset of the modern citizenry, their priorities and what they consider as good governance. The study will help policy makers focus on these factors for enhancing speedy delivery of prioritized services and promote good governance in developing countries similar to India.

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