The tribocorrosion behaviors of Hastelloy C276 alloy in seawater

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Jun ◽  
Yan Fengyuan ◽  
Wang Jianzhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aisi 316 Stainless Steel ◽  
The Difference

Purpose – The aim of this work is to study the tribocorrosion behaviors of Hastelloy C276 alloy sliding against AISI 316 stainless steel in artificial seawater and distilled water. Design/methodology/approach – The electrochemical behaviors of Hastelloy C276 alloy are measured by potentiodynamic polarization method. The tribocorrosion properties are evaluated using an MRH-03 type ring-on-block test rig in artificial seawater with different salinity. The wear loss is determined by the difference of sample weight before and after tribocorrosion tests. Findings – The results show that the typical passivation behavior is observed for C276 alloy in seawater. The Hastelloy C276 alloy has the maximum corrosion current density in 3 percent seawater, which is the synergism of salt concentration and dissolved oxygen in seawater. Friction coefficients are in general larger in distilled water compared with seawater. The wear loss in seawater is always higher than that in distilled water for both alloys. Seawater could reduce the friction coefficient and the wear resistance. Originality/value – Many scientists focused on studying the friction behavior of passive metals sliding against alumina or zirconia, which was considered to act as inert antagonist in the experiments. However, there are few papers available on the tribocorrosion properties of passive metals sliding each other in corrosion mediums.

Optimizing the environmental attitudes inventory

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Sutton ◽  
Emma Gyuris
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Students First ◽  
The Difference ◽  
University Experience ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to optimize the Environmental Attitudes Inventory (EAI) and second, to establish a baseline of the difference in environmental attitudes between first and final year students, taken at the start of a university’s declaration of commitment to EfS. Design/methodology/approach – The psychometrically designed EAI was used to overcome the problems and limitations of the much-used, but controversial, revised New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale. The performance of the original 72-item EAI was compared with our 37-item reduced form using a population of first- and final-year university students. Findings – The reduced 37-item EAI provides a reliable and valid tool for investigating structured, multi-dimensional environmental attitudes of university students while reducing response burden and increasing response and completion rates compared with the longer versions of the EAI. Research limitations/implications – No attempt is made to link elements of the university experience with changes in attitude between first- and third-year students. The authors expect the 12-faceted EAI to provide more detailed feedback on the affective outcomes of EfS initiatives than currently used instruments. Originality/value – This research contributes to establishing the EAI as a gold standard with which to monitor students’ environmental attitudes. Although most studies aimed at understanding the impact of EfS measure attitude change over relatively short periods of time – typically using the brief NEP scale administered immediately before and after a specific semester course – the approach developed here is designed to detect attitudinal change that may be ascribed to the entire university experience between students’ first and final year.

Regulating non-financial reporting: evidence from European firms’ environmental, social and governance disclosures and earnings risk

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Christohper Gan ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Earnings Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Purpose Motivated by the enactment of non-financial reporting regulations by the European Parliament, this paper aims to investigate the impact of European Union (EU) directive 2014/95/EU on the quantity of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures by the S&P Europe 350 index firms. This study also investigates whether the implementation of the non-financial information (NFI) reporting regulations influences the association between ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk. Design/methodology/approach To measure the impact of mandatory regulations on the quantity of ESG disclosures, this study estimates the average treatment effects using a propensity weighted sample. Then this study uses the difference-in-differences method to estimate the differences in the association between ESG disclosures and earning risk before and after implementation of the EU directive. Findings The results show a significant positive impact of the EU directive on the quantity of ESG disclosures for the sample European public-interest entities, which indicates that the mandatory NFI reporting requirements could boost the availability of increasingly demanded ESG related information. The enhanced association between the ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk during the post-directive period reveals that mandating NFI reporting also increases the quality of ESG disclosures. Originality/value Using the legitimacy and decision-usefulness theories, this study provides novel evidence concerning the impact of the EU directive on the quantity and quality of ESG disclosures.

THE LIPIDE COMPOSITION DURING STORAGE OF HUMAN PLASMA, POOLED, IRRADIATED, AND DRIED

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Normal Human Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Transfusion Service ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the total lipide, neutral fat, total fatty acid, total cholesterol, ester cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipide content, estimated by oxidative micromethods, of human plasma, pooled, irradiated, and dried, as collected by the Canadian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and processed at the Connaught Medical Research Laboratories. Determinations were made before and after storage as dried plasma for six months in the dark at temperatures of −40° C., 4° C., 20° C., and 40° C. All lipides present in this dry powdered plasma were found to be completely taken up in the distilled water used for its reconstitution to liquid plasma. The reconstituted liquid plasma contained approximately one-half the concentration of lipides present in fresh normal human plasma, the difference being due entirely to dilution during preparation and processing, except in the instances of both free and esterified cholesterol, of which approximately one-fifth the amount present in fresh normal human plasma was found to be missing in the final product. No statistically significant loss of lipides in dried plasma occurred after storage at −40° C., 4° C., or 20° C.; at 40° C. there was a statistically significant loss of approximately one-fifth of practically all lipides. Ultraviolet irradiation during processing did not affect the lipide composition of dried plasma determined before and after storage at 4° C.

Effect of aeromedical training on anxiety levels of ab initio pilots

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Ata ◽  
Berna Aytac ◽  
Dijan Ertemir ◽  
Muzaffer Cetinguc ◽  
Ebru Yazgan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Aerospace Medicine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Aeromedical training is meant to train aircrew in combating physiological problems that they might face in flight. Given the importance of the training, there are limited studies in the literature investigating the anxiety levels during aeromedical training along with training outcomes. This study aims to assess the untrained participants’ anxiety levels before and after aeromedical training, investigate the differences in anxiety levels across different physiological training devices and determine whether participants’ anxiety levels affect their G tolerances. Design/methodology/approach This study was carried out on 61 healthy male subjects (n = 61) who had applied for initial aeromedical training. Anxiety surveys and visual analog scales were administered before and after the practical aeromedical training. In addition, blood pressure and heart rate measurements were carried out. Findings Participants had significantly higher anxiety levels before human centrifuge training (pre-Glab) than before the altitude chamber training (pre-hypobaric). Participants who experienced G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) had slightly more anxiety reported than the non-G-LOC group. There was a significant decrease between pre-Glab and post-Glab (after the human centrifuge training) and between pre-hypobaric and post-hypobaric (after the altitude chamber training) anxiety levels. The incidence of G-LOC was lower in participants having higher pre-G-Lab blood pressure. However, the difference in anxiety levels between the G-LOC group and the non-G-LOC group was not statistically significant. Research limitations/implications In this study, state anxiety inventory was not performed after human centrifuge training as centrifuge training lasted for around 5 min only, and it is not advisable to repeat state anxiety inventory in such short periods. Blood pressure was not measured after G-Lab training because human centrifuge training is hard training and has an impact on blood pressure. Hence, it would have been difficult to distinguish whether the blood pressure change was due to anxiety or hard physical activity. These limitations, especially for the G-Lab, caused us to evaluate state anxiety only with VAS. It would be worthwhile to repeat similar studies with objective measurements before and after the training. Practical implications This information suggests that instructors who train the applicants on aerospace medicine be ready for the possible consequences of anxiety. Originality/value There are only a few centers in the world that include all the physiological training devices (practical aeromedical training laboratories) together. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there are no studies in the literature investigating the differences in anxiety levels across various physiological training devices. The studies about the effect of anxiety levels on aeromedical training outcomes and anxiety levels before and after the training are scant.

The influence of dead spaces and the designs of injectors on the amount of drug dose in intra-vitreal injection

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097782
Author(s):  
Erol Havuz ◽  
Seda Güdül Havuz ◽  
Onur Gokmen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Percent Error ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To evaluate the dead spaces resulting from different designs of the insulin injectors used for intravitreal injections and the amounts of drug doses. Methods: In the study, five different brands of sterile insulin injectors of 1 mL were used for the test. The weight of the injectors was determined before and after filling the injectors with 0.05 and 0.1 mL distilled water. The weight of the injectors was measured with and without the needle after the water within the injectors had been taken out and weight differences were measured. The difference between the intended amount of fluid to be thrown out and the weight of the fluid remaining in the injector was calculated as percent error. Results: After throwing out 0.05 mL distilled water from the injector, weights of the Beybi®, Traf®, Becton Dickinson®, Ayset®, and Setojet® brands of injectors with 30 G needle were detected to increase the mean 0.0220 ± 0.006 g, 0.0208 ± 0.008 g, 0.0355 ± 0.016 g, 0.0219 ± 0.017 g, and 0.0150 ± 0.007 g, respectively compared to the weights of the dry injectors. The 0.1 mL injector group was found to be mean 0.0350 ± 0.014 g, 0.0264 ± 0.008 g, 0.0405 ± 0.015 g, 0.0272 ± 0.013 g, and 0.0245 ± 0.014 g, respectively. The maximum increase due to the dead spaces in the injectors was found in the Becton Dickinson® injector, both in the 0.05 mL and the 0.1 mL groups ( p < 0.000). Conclusion: The injector designs may affect the dose of IVI required to be given. More correct amounts of drugs may be administered via the intra-vitreal route through designs that reduce the dead spaces at the end part of the injector and between the inner wall and the plunger.

The different impact of personal social capital and intra-organizational SC

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batia Ben-Hador ◽  
Eyal Eckhaus
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study relates to two levels of organization social capital (SC): personal SC and intra-organizational SC. Personal SC is the utility derived from the person’s relationship, and his positioning in networks, inside and out of the organization. Intra-organizational SC is the benefit derived from interactions within, and between groups in the organization, and is based on trust, reciprocity, common goals, sharing information and knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to examine the difference between the SC levels by their connections to employee energy and success, before and after crisis. Design/methodology/approach In order to test the hypotheses, the authors used the Enron e-mails corpus, the texts were analyzed using SQL. Findings The findings suggest that the impact of personal SC and intra-organizational SC, on employee energy and success is different. Personal SC was found to have a higher impact on those two variables, than intra-organizational SC. After crisis, this gap became larger. Originality/value The importance of the findings is in the distinction between the SC levels, and their different impact on the employees. However, the situation of Enron employees at that time implies that the more important level of SC is the intra-organizational SC.

Sweat Rate and Electrolyte Concentration in Swimmers, Runners, and Nonathletes

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone D. Henkin ◽  
Paulo L. Sehl ◽  
Flavia Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Similar Intensity ◽  
Maximal Cycle

Because swimmers train in an aquatic environment, they probably do not need to sweat as much as runners who train on land and, therefore, should not develop the same magnitude of sweating adaptations.Purpose:To compare sweat rate and electrolyte concentration in swimmers, runners and nonathletes.Methods:Ten swimmers (22.9 ± 3.1 years old), 10 runners (25 ± 2.9 y) and 10 nonathletes (26.5 ± 2.2 y) cycled in the heat (32°C and 40% relative humidity) for 30 min at similar intensity relative to their maximal cycle test. Sweat volume was calculated from the difference of their body mass before and after cycling, since they were not allowed to drink. Sweat was collected from the scapula using absorbent patch placed on the skin that was cleaned with distilled water. After cycling, the patch was transferred to syringe and the sample was obtained when squeezing it to a tube. Concentration of sodium ([Na+]), chloride ([Cl–]) and potassium ([K+]) were analyzed using an ion selector analyzer.Results:The sweat volume, in liters, of swimmers (0.9 ± 0.3) was lower (P < .05) than that of runners (1.5 ± 0.2) and similar to that of nonathletes (0.6 ± 0.2). [Na+] and [Cl-], in mmolL-1, of swimmers (65.4 ± 5.5 and 61.2 ± 81), and nonathletes (67.3 ± 8.5 and 58.3 ± 9.6) were higher (P < .05) than those of runners (45.2 ± 7.5 and 38.9 ± 8.3). [K+] was similar among groups.Conclusions:The lower sweat volume and higher sweat [Na+] and [Cl-] of swimmers, as compared with runners, indicate that training in the water does not cause the same magnitude of sweating adaptations.

scholarly journals Effect of Nano-Filled Protective Coating and Different pH Enviroment on Wear Resistance of New Glass Hybrid Restorative Material

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Sandra Brkanović ◽  
Ana Ivanišević ◽  
Ivana Miletić ◽  
Dražen Mezdić ◽  
Silvana Jukić Krmek
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Periodic Exposure

The purpose of the study was to determine the wear rate of Equia Forte HT Fil with Equia Forte Coat or without coating and compare it with Fuji IX GP high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) in conditions with acid load or at neutral pH. The samples were stored for 7 days: (1) in artificial saliva, (2) in artificial saliva and cyclically exposed to low pH, and (3) in distilled water and cyclically exposed to low pH. Wear was determined by measuring the difference in mass before and after brushing in an abrasion testing device. The wear of Fuji IX GP was significantly higher than that of Equia Forte HT Fil with or without coating (p = 0.000). The difference between Equia Forte HT Fil with and without Coat was not statistically significant (p < 0.803). The differences in wear resistance between samples stored in saliva and in distilled water were not significant (p = 0.588). Periodic exposure to the low pH solution significantly affected the wear resistance of all materials (p = 0.000). Equia Forte HT Fil was more resistant to wear than Fuji IX GP in all storage conditions. A resinous coat did not significantly increase wear resistance.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

Changes in Platelet Aggregability after Ovariectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1332-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Takeshi Motomiya ◽  
Minoru Sonoda ◽  
Noboru Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryChanges in platelets in 48 patients with uterine myoma before and after hysterectomy with and without ovariectomy were examined. Bilateral ovariectomy in 25 cases (ovariec-tomized group) and unilateral or non-ovariectomy in 23 cases (control group) were performed at the hysterectomy. Platelet count and an appearance rate of secondary aggregation decreased at one day after and increased at one week after the operation, similarly in both the ovariectomized and the control group. The appearance rate of secondary aggregation was reflected in an intensity of aggregation at 5 min after the addition of reagent to PRP. At one month after the operation, the appearance rate of secondary aggregation induced by 3 μM ADP showed a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the preoperation value (P <0.05) and the enhancement of 5-min aggregation was still observed in the control group, while ceased in the ovariectomized group. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was almost no change in the speed and intensity of primary and secondary aggregation during the observation period. No significant differences in collagen-induced aggregation were noted between the two groups. The results suggest that ovarian hormones, mainly estrogen, facilitate platelet activation which is mediated by the so-called secondary aggregation.

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