scholarly journals Workers’ health and social relations in Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Fiorillo
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether social relations are associated with the health of workers. It uses two types of health status measures – self-reported and more objective health – and it considers two types of social relationships: individual social relations, measured through the frequency of meetings with friends; and contextual social relations, the average frequency with which people meet friends at the community level. Design/methodology/approach A probit model is estimated from the worker sample accounting for the possibility of selecting individuals in the labour market (selection equation). Then expanded probit models (including inverse Mills ratio) are used on both self-reported and more objective health measures using new data from an income and living conditions survey carried out in 2006 by the Italian Statistics Office. Robustness checks are employed to deal with possible problems when interpreting the results. Findings The study finds that social relations are correlated with health status of workers with differences among health outcomes. Social relations at the individual level are positively correlated with self-perceived health (SPH), negatively associated with chronic condition (CC) but not related to limitations in daily activities. Contextual social relations are negatively linked with CC and limitations in daily activities but not correlated with SPH. Research limitations/implications Although the results are consistent with the argument that individual and contextual social relations influence workers’ health, the author cannot prove causality. Social implications Improving the health of workers could reduce health inequalities and could increase work performance. The implication at a macro-economic level of an improvement in the health conditions of workers is relevant in Italy, where the level of labour productivity is low compared to the other developed countries (OECD, 2013). Policy makers should consider the benefits, both at social and economic level, of public policies designed to improve the social and physical infrastructure of social relations. Originality/value This paper is the first to relate individual and contextual social relations simultaneously to workers’ health. Moreover, it makes several other contributions to this area: it control for unobserved worker heterogeneity; it uses both subjective self-reported health as well as a more objective measure of health based on CC and limitations in activities of daily living; it adopts a multilevel approach to examine in the same framework the individual and contextual relationship of social relations with individual health status of workers, in so doing, filling a gap in the literature on social capital and public health.

scholarly journals Evaluating the individual- and country-level variations in tax morale

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C. Williams ◽  
Besnik Krasniqi
Keyword(s):  
Tax Compliance ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Actor Model ◽  
Tax Morale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Purpose Recently, a small but burgeoning literature has argued that tax non-compliance cannot be fully explained using the conventional rational economic actor approach which views non-compliance as occurring when the pay-off is greater than the expected cost of being caught and punished. Instead, a social actor approach has emerged which views tax non-compliance as higher when “tax morale”, defined as the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes, is low. To advance this social actor model, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the individual and national heterogeneity in tax morale, which is crucial if tax compliance is to be improved. Design/methodology/approach To do this, the authors report data from the 2010 Life in Transition Survey on tax morale in 35 Eurasian countries. Findings Logit econometric analysis reveals, on the one hand, that there is higher tax morale among middle-aged, married, homeowners with children, with a university degree and employed, and on the other hand, that there is higher tax morale in more developed countries with stronger legal systems and less corruption, and higher levels of state intervention in the form of both taxation and expenditure. Research limitations/implications Rather than continue with the rational actor approach, this paper reveals that how an emergent social actor approach can help to more fully explain tax non-compliance and results in a different policy approach focused upon changing country-level economic and social conditions associated with low tax morale and thus non-compliance. Practical implications These results display the specific populations with low tax morale which need targeting when seeking to tackle tax non-compliance. Originality/value This paper provides a new way of explaining and tackling tax non-compliance in Eurasian countries.

How does finance influence labour market outcomes? A review of empirical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1232
Author(s):  
Mark Heil
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

PurposeThis paper reviews economic studies on the effects of various aspects of finance on labour market outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a systematic literature review that reviews the weight of the evidence on the relationships between specific elements of finance and labour outcomes. The review is divided into three major sections: (1) job quantity and job quality; (2) distributional effects; and (3) resilience and adaptability.FindingsFinance interacts with labour market institutions to jointly determine labour outcomes. Firm financial structures influence their labour practices – highly leveraged firms show greater employment volatility during cyclical fluctuations, and leverage strengthens firm bargaining power in labour negotiations. Bank deregulation has mixed impacts on labour depending upon the state of prior bank regulations and labour markets. Leveraged buyouts tend to dampen acquired-firm job growth as they pursue labour productivity gains. The shareholder value movement may contribute to short-termism among corporate managers, which can divert funds away from firm capital accumulation toward financial markets, and crowd out productive investment. Declining wage shares of national income in most OECD countries since 1990 may be driven in part by financial globalisation. The financial sector contributes to rising income concentration near the top of the distribution in developed countries. The availability of finance is associated with increased reallocation of labour, which may either enhance or impede productivity growth. Finally, rising interest rate environments and homeowners with mortgage balances that exceed their home's value may reduce labour mobility rates.Originality/valueThis review contributes to the understanding of the effects of finance on labour by reviewing and synthesising a large volume of literature.

Determinants of user behaviour and recommendation in social networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 1477-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Curras-Perez ◽  
Carla Ruiz-Mafe ◽  
Silvia Sanz-Blas
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Uses And Gratifications ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Uses And Gratifications Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of social network use behaviour using Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Uses and Gratifications Theory. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative study was carried out with data gathered by personal interview using a structured questionnaire. Relationships proposed in the theoretical model were estimated through structural equation models. In total, 811 users of social networks over 14 and residents in Spain were part of the sample. Findings – Results indicate that use attitude and the subjective norm, both TPB variables, directly and significantly influence social network loyalty. Thus, network loyalty can be achieved if the individual shows a favourable attitude towards use and receives positive feed-back (comments, opinions, etc.) from friends, acquaintances and other individuals in their environment. Perceived control has no influence on social network loyalty. Finally, this research highlights the importance of socialisation and entertainment as antecedents of social network attitude. Research limitations/implications – Social network use has been analysed globally and database includes users with very different profiles (e.g. Facebook and Tuenti) what may skew the results. Practical implications – Individuals access social networks to establish social links with friends/family/acquaintances, seeking entertainment and fun, but they are never used to be fashionable or up-to-date. Given the importance of social relations, companies should motivate participation elements in their social networks profiles. Originality/value – The paper presents a model that explains the formation of loyal social network customers, integrating TPB and Uses and Gratifications Theory to enable understanding of the role of these networks in individuals’ lives.

scholarly journals Le rapport a la santé des travailleurs: contextes et stratégies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-89
Author(s):  
Philippe Sarnin ◽  
Christine Durif-Bruckert ◽  
Sabrina Rouat
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Large Firm ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unique Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to report, from a qualitative study, the individual and organizational factors andprocesses that lead an employee to build a unique relationship to is health. We discuss these processes in relationto the construction of health among a sample of 34 „workers” selected in diverse contexts, considering health asa dynamic and co-constructed object. From biographical interviews and records of interactions between workersand professionals who support them, we analyze we analyze the transactions made between work and health.These transactions, which are defined in dynamic and combined processes (psychological, cognitive, interactiveand organizational), contribute to define the orientation of the relationship to work, the professional route, anddetermine the evolution of more objective health status and how it can be seen, lived and managed individually.This article examines three different contexts: small business employees, employees of a large firm, and job seekers.These three contexts are related with different types of strategies implemented by individuals on their healthin relation to their position in the world of work.

How an organization's ethical climate contributes to customer satisfaction and financial performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung Koo Moon ◽  
Byoung Kwon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – Researchers in the field of business ethics have posited that an organization's ethical climate can benefit for employees as well as organizations. However, most of the prior research has been conducted at the level of the individual, not organization. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine how an organization's ethical climate has a positive influence on two its performance indicators – customer satisfaction and financial performance – with a perspective of organizational innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from 29 subsidiaries of a conglomerate in South Korea. Hypotheses were tested using the partial least squares (PLS). Findings – The result showed that an organization's ethical climate was positively related to customer satisfaction as well as financial performance, and this relationship was mediated by perceived organizational innovation. Additionally, the positive influence of an ethical climate on employees’ perceived organizational innovation was mediated by their organizational commitment and the climate for innovation. Originality/value – With a focus on innovation, the study explained how an organization's ethical climate influences customer satisfaction and financial performance. Furthermore, as was the case in studies conducted in other developed countries, the results derived from South Korea sample demonstrated that an ethical climate is critical for organizational performances in developing countries.

The psychological secrets behind improving work performance: the individual and cumulative effects of employees pursuing intrinsic and extrinsic goals

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Martin Andrew Green
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extrinsic Goals ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Orientation Type

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper explores the impact on work performance that an employee’s goal orientation type has. Intrinsically, goal-orientated employees perform well across the board, but having both intrinsic and extrinsic goals simultaneously turbocharges an employee’s work performance. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives’ and researchers’ hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

scholarly journals Health Status, Labour Productivity and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kelani, Fatai Adeshina ◽  
Odunayo, Henry Adewale ◽  
Ozegbe, Azuka Elvis ◽  
Nwani, Stanley Emile
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test

The quest for rapid economic growth and development has pre-occupied the minds of researchers and policy makers most especially in less developed countries. This has resulted to empirical inquiry into the causes of growth in a sustainable term. This study therefore examines the impact of health status and labour productivity on economic growth in Nigeria. By utilizing annual time series data from 1981 to 2017, the study carried out ADF unit root test to ascertain the stationarity of the series. The result confirms that the series were stationary at levels and t first difference, hence, the adoption of ARDL bound test to Co-integration. The empirical estimates of the parameters of the model show that both health status and labour productivity have positive impacts on economic growth in Nigeria. This follows economic theory as expected. A further analysis of the significance of the estimates reveals that health status plays a significant role in Nigerian growth process. However, labour productivity fails to significantly impact on growth episodes in Nigeria. Other variable which stimulates economic growth in the country is gross fixed capital formation. The study therefore recommends a policy framework towards improvement in the quality of labour through adequate funding of education and re-tooling the educational system to enhance labour productivity for a more robust growth of the economy.

Apprenticeship bullying in the building and construction industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Riggall ◽  
Jason Skues ◽  
Lisa Wise
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the definition, prevalence, antecedents, consequences and coping behaviours associated with apprenticeship bullying in the building and construction industry. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprises 13 participants aged between 22 and 27 (M=23.8, SD=1.26) who were all men who had completed their apprenticeship within the past five years. Participants completed an individual semi-structured interview in which several themes and sub-themes were identified. Findings Four characteristics (intention to harm, imbalance in power, repeated behaviours, target interpretation) and two types (personal, work-related) were identified by participants as fundamental to the definition of apprenticeship bullying. Being the target of bullying was found to be commonplace during an apprenticeship. Several antecedents were identified at the individual level (age, personality, physical appearance, work ethic, work performance) along with factors at the organisation level (culture and leadership style) that determined whether bullying would occur. The consequences of apprenticeship bullying included poor individual (personal and work-related) and organisational outcomes. Targets of apprenticeship bullying also tended to use avoidance coping. Originality/value This study has provided clarification on the characteristics and behaviours associated with apprenticeship bullying, as well as identified the antecedents and consequences of apprenticeship bullying from the perspective of past apprentices in the building and construction industry.

Budi and Malay workplace ethics

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Richardson ◽  
Md Salleh Yaapar ◽  
Sabrina Amir
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Workplace Ethics ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Workplace Practices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of budi, a concept incorporating moral values and intellect, in shaping the Malay workplace ethics and behaviour of the Malays. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper investigating how existing knowledge of budi and Malay cultural traditions manifests and affects contemporary workplace practices. Findings – Although the origins of budi can be traced back to pre-Islamic Malay civilisation, its influence can still be found in contemporary workplace settings. For example, the hierarchical organisational structure and workplace etiquette that characterise Malay managerial practices are related to budi. At the same time, this paper also suggests that budi may potentially serve as a catalyst for certain less desirable work practices, including the greater importance attached to prioritising social relations over work performance. Originality/value – In analysing budi, the paper explores a largely overlooked cultural concept within management literature. Although the Malay world is a rapidly growing centre of economic and business activity, relatively little scholarly attention has been devoted to exploring the cultural underpinnings and foundations that shape and influence Malay managerial and workplace practices among Malays.

Entrepreneurial orientation and performance – are sexes equal?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Fellnhofer ◽  
Kaisu Puumalainen ◽  
Helena Sjögrén
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Entrepreneurship Policy ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the different perceptions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of females compared to those of their male counterparts. EO and its links to performance are examined at the level of both the individual and the firm. Design/methodology/approach – Multiple linear regression analyses of a data set with 301 employees in different industries reveal significant differences between genders. Findings – EO has a positive impact on performance at both individual and firm levels of analysis. Females tend to perceive their individual EO as lower than males, but their self-evaluated work performance is higher than that of males. The firm’s EO is also perceived differently by men and by women, but the perceptions of firm’s performance are similar. Research limitations/implications – The results draw attention to the differences between individuals when they evaluate firm-level constructs like EO. While the sample is based on a small number of firms, the findings suggest that EO is neither pervasive throughout the firm nor gender-neutral. Practical implications – The different gender-related perceptions should be kept in mind when promoting entrepreneurially oriented behaviour within organizations. A strong focus on EO in entrepreneurship policy or education may discourage women. Originality/value – So far, multi-level organizational interrelationships have been substantially neglected with respect to the gender dimension.

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