Do federal davis-bacon and disadvantaged business enterprise regulations affect aggressive bidding? evidence from highway resurfacing procurement auctions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Procurement Auctions ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Prevailing Wage ◽  
Disadvantaged Business Enterprise ◽  
State Projects

Previous empirical studies examine the effect of asymmetries across bidders on auction outcomes. This paper tests for asymmetries in behavior when bidders are confronted with different regulatory environments. Data from federal and state highway resurfacing projects in Colorado are used to determine if bids are more aggressive when contractors switch from federal projects, with Davis-Bacon prevailing wage and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise regulations, to less-regulated state projects. Results from fixed effects estimates of winning bids indicate that the level of aggressive bidding is not altered with a change in regulations, at least not with respect to the policies and types of projects examined here.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

scholarly journals Public–Private Partnership and Social Equity: An Empirical Study of the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110312
Author(s):  
Kunqi Zhang ◽  
Qingbin Cui
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Disadvantaged Business Enterprise ◽  
Design Bid Build ◽  
Linear Regressions

Pushback for public–private partnerships (P3s) comes in part from their purported favoritism toward large firms. However, no study has empirically verified this claim. This paper examined the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program to assess whether delivery methods play a role in the participation of minority- and women-owned firms in federally assisted transportation contracts. A sample of 134 contracts from the US Major Transportation Project Database served as the dataset to run linear regressions. Results revealed that P3 associates with higher DBE goals than design–bid–build (DBB). Plausible explanations include P3 being associated with a larger contract size, more public attention, more potential subcontracting opportunities with design included in the package, and intensified agency desire for greater diversity in DBE subcontracts. Moreover, the delivery method has an insignificant effect on DBE attainment. This paper also introduces the DBE envelope, a radar plot capable of graphically assessing DBE program implementation.

scholarly journals Does development reduce damage risk from climate extremes? Empirical evidence for floods in India

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-767
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Bahinipati ◽  
Unmesh Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Damage Indicators

Abstract Using a dataset on reported loss and damage (L&D) from flood-affected Indian states between 1953 and 2011, this paper inquires whether development makes states become flood resilient. Although the disaster-specific and the generic adaptation measures have been largely researched, there are limited empirical studies, particularly those that conducted an analysis at the sub-national level and used a dataset of more than 50 years. Considering human development and different loss and damage indicators is another advantage. Employing zero-inflated negative binomial and fixed effects models, this study produces three major findings. First, an increasing trend is observed for the reported loss and damage indicators across the states. Second, both human development and income are mostly found as statistically insignificant, indicating that the states are not becoming flood-resilient with respect to the present development. Third, there is a lack of evidence of learning effect, however, disaster risk management programme mitigates risk. Therefore, the paper suggests that the ongoing development strategies must take into account climate risk and address the persistent adaptation deficit. These findings could have larger policy implications since Indian states are likely to encounter such events frequently, and they also provide inputs to several states' action plans on climate change.

Social Exchange and the Effects of Employee Stock Options

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cappelli ◽  
Martin Conyon ◽  
David Almeda
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Incentive Effects ◽  
Exchange Effects

The authors assert that broad-based stock options create a social exchange relationship between the employer and employees, leading to higher individual job performance in the next period. They compare this social exchange hypothesis to the more typical incentive-based explanation for stock options, which is that holding options generates financial incentives for better individual job performance in the current period. Findings show that significant and meaningful relationships are associated with social exchange effects and that these are both independent of incentive effects and arguably greater than those for the incentive effects. The authors use non-parametric and parametric fixed effects models, other controls for sample heterogeneity, and alternative specifications to address possible concerns about identification and endogeneity. These results extend empirical studies of social exchange relationships to common workplace practices. They also raise the possibility that some of the performance effects attributed to incentives in other studies may actually be attributable to social exchange effects.

scholarly journals ISLAMIC FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON ENERGY INTENSITY: EVIDENCE FROM ISLAMIC BANKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Jalil Ibrahim ◽  
Nasim S. Shirazi ◽  
Amin Mohseni-Cheraghlou
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Banking Development ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between financial development and energy intensity is yet firmly established as the literature is emerging, and the few empirical studies that have been done provide conflicting results. Whereas some conclude a U-shaped relationship between financial development and energy intensity, others show a linear relationship between the two variables.  This study investigates the relationship between financial development and energy intensity by focusing on the role of Islamic financial development. The study covers 30 countries where Islamic banks are present.  Using the  fixed-effects panel model, the empirical results suggest that Islamic banking development significantly increases energy intensity in the sample countries. We also identify other important factors that increase energy intensity.  These include carbon emissions, renewable energy use and energy imports. The findings point to the importance of designing policies to incentivize Islamic banks and Shari'ah-compliant investors to finance clean energy technologies as a potent tool for reducing energy intensity, achieving sustainable development, and greening Islamic finance.

Disregarding the Shoulders of Giants: Inferences from Innovation Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Reeb ◽  
Wanli Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
Sparse Set

Abstract Studies proposing new determinants of corporate innovation include previously identified factors in an ad hoc manner. We find that only a sparse set of recently proposed innovation determinants provide material, independent information about patents and citations. We document that inferences in recent empirical studies often change when we include previously discovered innovation determinants. Commonly used econometric methods, including fixed effects and plausible shocks, do not always mitigate the need to condition on previously identified innovation determinants. Rather than randomly selecting a subset of control variables from prior studies, our analysis offers researchers a framework to consider previously proposed variables.

scholarly journals A Study on the Influence of Financial Factors on the Growth of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Portuguese High Technology and Medium-high Technology Sectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors

The purpose of this paper is to find important financial influential factors to the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in high technology and medium-high technology manufacturing sectors in Portugal. Using the fixed effects model and the pooled regression model, the impacts of some financial variables in previous year on firm growth are observed. In addition, the total sample is further classified into the young firm group and the mature firm group in order to compare the differences of the impacts at different age stages. The results show that there are more financial factors (such as, receivables, short-term loans, intangibles, long-term debt and industry dummy) impacting on young SMEs compared to mature SMEs, which means that young SMEs tend to be more susceptible. In particular, the impacts of profitability and leverage are constant for both young and mature SMEs; the two factors of trade credit (accounts receivables and payables) are negatively related to growth. By contrast, firm age and GDP show different effects at different age stages. This paper has two main contributions: it can help SME managers identify important financial factors to firm growth and then promote development of SMEs; it also contributes to the empirical studies on SME growth in high technology and medium-high technology manufacturing sectors from financial perspective.

Trade and Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-116
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Thombs ◽  
Dennis L. Thombs ◽  
Colleen A. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Income Group ◽  
National Study ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Global Economic Integration

Prior reviews have discussed the potential relationship between global economic integration and smoking prevalence, but for the most part, these non-empirical studies have only offered speculative observations. This cross-national study employs two-way fixed effects regression models and a three-way interaction to test whether integration into the global economy, measured as imports (% of GDP), affects male and female smoking prevalence across country income groups (developed vs. less developed nations) and time from 2000 to 2015. We observe that the effect of global economic integration on female smoking prevalence increased in magnitude over time in both income groups, but we see no such effect on male smoking prevalence. The effect does not differ by income group. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our findings, along with policy recommendations.

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