Trade and Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-116
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Thombs ◽  
Dennis L. Thombs ◽  
Colleen A. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Income Group ◽  
National Study ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Global Economic Integration

Prior reviews have discussed the potential relationship between global economic integration and smoking prevalence, but for the most part, these non-empirical studies have only offered speculative observations. This cross-national study employs two-way fixed effects regression models and a three-way interaction to test whether integration into the global economy, measured as imports (% of GDP), affects male and female smoking prevalence across country income groups (developed vs. less developed nations) and time from 2000 to 2015. We observe that the effect of global economic integration on female smoking prevalence increased in magnitude over time in both income groups, but we see no such effect on male smoking prevalence. The effect does not differ by income group. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our findings, along with policy recommendations.

Modinomics in India

Asian Survey ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-572
Author(s):  
Shalendra D. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Global Economic Integration

An assessment of Modi’s economic policies (“Modinomics”) shows that the gap between intentions and outcomes remains wide because Modinomics has been too cautious and contradictory to overcome the unusual structural challenges facing India’s economy. Moreover, the contradictions of Modinomics, which privileges trade protectionism and selective financial-sector liberalization, limits the potential gains from deeper global economic integration. This article argues that deepening economic reforms, including integration into the global economy, can help mitigate the structural impediments facing the Indian economy.

scholarly journals The Great Shift of Globalization: From the Transatlantic Axis towards China and Emerging Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-226
Author(s):  
Dan Steinbock
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
White House ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Global Economic Integration

Since the mid-2010s, global economic integration, as measured by world trade, investment and migration, has come to a standstill. During the global crisis of 2008–2009, the negative demand shock in the advanced West and the drastic trade plunge in the emerging East highlighted the increasing inter-dependency in the global economy. Nevertheless, in the past few years, world trade has been falling; world investment continues to stagnate while slower migration has given rise to elevated global displacement and refugee crises, despite peace time conditions. In the Trump era, the eclipse of the U.S. postwar trading regime is accompanied with the rise of new protectionism that has a historical precedent. While China seeks to promote globalization, the White House is moving from multilateral free trade toward bilateral deficit targeting, despite its ongoing secular rebalancing and associated cyclical fluctuations. Although the first Trump-Xi Summit suggests that there may be more room for policy compromises than initially anticipated, the eclipse of U.S. globalism will make any reconciliation difficult. Nevertheless, the global economy is now amid a secular transition that is characterized by increasing South-to-South trade, investment and migration. In this new era, globalization, responsibility and accountability in the international community can no longer be subject mainly to the interests of major advanced economies. While global economic integration was initiated by advanced economies in the 20th century, it will be completed by emerging economies in the 21st century. The drivers of globalization are moving from the transatlantic axis to China and emerging Asia.

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

Openness of the Russian economy as a source of economic growth

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kadochnikov ◽  
A. Knobel ◽  
S. Sinelnikov-Murylev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Russian Economy

The paper considers measures on Russia’s integration into the global economy, aimed at the economic growth resumption. It analyzes conditions and mechanisms due to which the expanding trade and mutual investment with other countries contribute to economic growth in Russia. The paper provides policy recommendations for export support, regional economic integration agenda and the institutions reform.

The Nexus Between Urbanisation and Human Empowerment: Income Group Based Findings of Bidirectional Causality

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Christos Kollias ◽  
Panayiotis Tzeremes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Democratic Rule

Abstract The economic and social drivers of democratisation and the emergence and establishment of democratic institutions are longstanding themes of academic discourse. Within this broad body of literature, it has been argued that the process of urbanisation is also conducive to the emergence and consolidation of democracy through a number of different channels. Cities offer better access to education and facilitate organised public action and the demand for more democratic rule and respect of human rights. The nexus between urbanisation and human rights is the theme that is taken up in the present paper. Using a sample of 123 countries for the period 1981–2011, the paper examines empirically the association between urbanisation and human empowerment using the Cingranelli-Richards Index. In broad terms, the findings reported herein do not point to a strong nexus across all income groups. Nevertheless, there is evidence suggesting the presence of such a statistically significant positive association in specific cases.

LOCUS OF CONTROL AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AMONG THE EMPLOYEES OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (01-02) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Paramanandam ◽  
K. Sangeetha
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Group A

Locus of control reflects the extent to which individuals believe that what happens to them is within their control, or beyond it. The objective of the present study was to study locus of control and employee engagement among the employees of automobile industry. A convenience sample consisting of ninety employees working in automobile industry participated in the study. By administering questionnaires locus of control and employee engagement among the employees were assessed. The collected data was analysed with various statistical tools like Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation, regression and ANOVA tests. A higher level of locus of control was observed among the above 50 years age group and a higher level of employee engagement among the 41-50 age group. A higher level of locus of control and employee engagement was observed among the above 30000 income group. There were significant differences in locus of control and employee engagement among the respondents of different income groups. There was a significant positive correlation between locus of control and employee engagement. Approximately 18% of the variance of employee engagement was explained by locus of control.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Environmental Efficiency and Environmental Pollution Treatment Efficiency in China’s Industrial Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ning Li ◽  
Ying Feng ◽  
Pei-Ying Wu ◽  
Yung-Ho Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
High Income ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Groups

This research adopts the meta Dynamic Directional Distance Functions (DDF) model in order to calculate the environmental efficiency and environmental governance efficiency of China’s industrial sector from 2010 to 2017 from the overall, sub-regional, and sub-provincial perspectives and discusses the technical gaps in regional environmental pollution control and the reasons for ineffective environmental governance. The research results show that the overall level of environmental governance efficiency in China’s industrial sector is relatively high over this time period, and the group frontier calculation results have improved compared to the meta frontier. The actual technical level of the high-income group is closest to the potential technical level, and the upper-middle income group is still far from the potential technical level. The main reason for the ineffective environmental governance of the provinces in the high-income group is ineffective management, while the main reason for ineffective environmental governance of the provinces in the upper-middle-income groups is technical inefficiency. Regardless of high-income groups or upper-middle-income groups, each province’s inefficiency of environmental governance is caused by inefficiency of the input factors.

Linked in Life and Death: A Note on the Effect of Parental Death on Sibling Relations in Young and Middle Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2098556
Author(s):  
Karsten Hank
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Family System ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Sibling Relations ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Parent Child

Despite the important role of adult parent–child and sibling relations in the family system, only few studies have investigated yet, how the common adult experience of parental death impacts sibling relations. Estimating fixed-effects regression models using four waves of data from the German Family Panel (pairfam; n = 4,123 respondents), the present note focused on changes in three dimensions of adult siblings’ relationship qualities following the first parent’s death. Our analysis revealed a short-term positive effect of parental death on sibling contacts as well as longer-lasting increases in emotional closeness and conflicts. Next to an intensification of sibling relations following the first parent’s death, we also detected significant spillover effects from respondents’ relationship with the surviving parent to their sibling relations. Our analysis thus provided evidence for adult parent–child and sibling relations to be “linked in life and death,” underlining the benefits of jointly analyzing intra- and intergenerational family relationships.

scholarly journals Improving Relations between a State and a Business Enterprise in the Context of Counteracting Adverse Effects of the Resource Curse

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Marek Szturo ◽  
Bogdan Włodarczyk ◽  
Alberto Burchi ◽  
Ireneusz Miciuła ◽  
Karolina Szturo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Key Resources

Natural resources play a significant role in the development of the global economy. This refers, in particular, to strategic fuel and mineral resources. Due to the limited supply of natural resources and the lack of substitutes for most of the key resources in the world, the competition for the access to strategic resources is a feature of the global economy. It would seem that the countries which are rich in resources, because of this huge demand, enjoy spectacular economic prosperity. However, the results of empirical studies have demonstrated what is known as the ‘resource curse’. This article concentrates on the characteristics of the paradox of plenty, and in particular on the possibilities of preventing this phenomenon. The aim of this article is to identify the measures of economic policy with which to counteract the resource curse, based on the relationship between the state and the extraction business. Upon the critical analysis of the relevant literature, we concluded that the state’s economic policy, implemented in cooperation with the extraction business, is increasingly important for the prevention of the resource curse. In the context of the resource curse, the optimal and most consensual instrument, in comparison with other resource sharing agreements, is a production sharing agreement (PSA), which should also be adjusted to the current local economic conditions in a given country.

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