In vitro effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on reduction of aflatoxin B1

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parya Rahnama Vosough ◽  
Ali Mohamadi Sani ◽  
Masoumeh Mehraban ◽  
Reza Karazhyan
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxin Removal ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Vitro Effect

Purpose – Since a sound detoxification method is needed for controlling aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as one of the most harmful mycotoxins in animal production and food industry, this study was performed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study was conducted to examine the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG to remove AFB1 from liquid media. The binding of AFB1 to Lb. rhamnosus GG was studied for viable, heat-killed and acid-killed bacteria. AFB1 at concentrations (5, 10 and 20 μg/l) was added to the bacterial culture (109 cfu/ml) in MRS broth medium and incubated at 25°C for 4, 12 and 24 h. The aflatoxin-binding capacity of the strain was quantified by the amount of unbound AFB1 using ELISA technique. Findings – Results showed the AFB1-binding capacity of viable, heat-killed and acid-killed bacteria was about 43, 49 and 50 percent, respectively. The percentage of AFB1 removed was the highest amount in low (5 μg/l) and high (20 μg/l) concentrations, and there was no significant difference between them (p=0.05). These findings suggest that lactic acid bacteria can be exploited as an approach to detoxification of aflatoxins from foods. Practical implications – This method is safe because non-viable bacteria have more ability to remove toxin than viable bacteria, and also it is an effective method with 50 percent approximately toxin removal. Originality/value – Since there has been no research on the ability of this strain on the removal of AFB1, the authors assessed the ability of the strain in high levels of AFB1.

scholarly journals The Ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in Solution, Spray-Dried or Lyophilized to Bind Aflatoxin B1

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Bovo ◽  
Larissa Tuanny Franco ◽  
Roice Eliana Rosim ◽  
Carmen Silvia Favaro Trindade ◽  
Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Spray Dried

<p>Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) can cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive effects in humans and animals. Several lactic acid bacteria species have the ability to bind AFB<sub>1 </sub><em>in vitro</em>, showing a potential application for reducing the bioavailability of AFB<sub>1</sub> in contaminated products. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em>, non-viable and dried, in removing the AFB<sub>1</sub> from a contaminated medium. <em>L. rhamnosus</em> were cultured in MRS broth, sterilized (121 ºC, 15 min.) to inactivate their metabolism and then dried by spray-drying or freeze-drying (lyophilization). Binding assays using AFB<sub>1</sub> (1.0 µg/ml) and <em>L. rhamnosus</em> cells (1×10<sup>10</sup> cells, in suspension or spray-dried or freeze-dried) were conducted at pH 3.0 and 6.0, room temperature and contact time of 60 min. Quantification of AFB<sub>1</sub> was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography. Scanning electron microscope was also performed in order to analyze the drying effect on the atomized and lyophilized <em>L. rhamnosus</em> cells. For pH 3.0 and 6.0, there were no significant differences between AFB<sub>1</sub> binding efficiency by <em>L. rhamnosus</em> cells in solution (45.9 ± 8.8% and 35.8 ± 7.7%, respectively) or freeze-dried (36.6 ± 7.1% and 27.2 ± 4.0%, respectively). However, the spray-dried cells lost completely the AFB<sub>1</sub> binding capacity during atomization, which damaged the structural and functional properties of the bacterial cell wall. In conclusion, <em>L. rhamnosus</em> retained its AFB<sub>1</sub> binding ability only when its cell wall remained intact as observed in the lyophilization procedure. Lyophilized <em>L. rhamnosus</em> cells therefore can be a practicable alternative for decontamination of food products susceptible to aflatoxin contamination.</p>

Role of Apolipoprotein A-I in Protecting against Endotoxin Toxicity

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Xue-Ling Liao ◽  
Bin Lou ◽  
Man-Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mtt Method ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Plasma Fraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Abstract High density lipoprotein (HDL) binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin) and neutralizes its toxicity. We investigated the function of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), a major apolipoprotein in HDL, in this process. Mouse macrophages were incubated with LPS, LPS+ApoA-I, LPS+ApoA-I+LFF (lipoprotein-free plasma fraction d>1.210 g/ml), LPS+HDL, LPS+HDL+LFF, respectively. MTT method was used to detect the mortality of L-929 cells which were attacked by the release-out cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages. It was found that ApoA-I significantly decreased L-929 cells mortality caused by LPS treatment (LPS vs. LPS+ApoA-I, P<0.05) and this effect became even more significant when LFF was utilized (LPS vs. LPS+ApoA-I+LFF, P<0.01; LPS vs. LPS+HDL+LFF, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between LPS+ApoA-I+LFF and LPS+HDL+LFF treatment, indicating that ApoA-I was the main factor. We also investigated in vivo effects of ApoA-I on mouse mortality rate and survival time after LPS administration. We found that the mortality in LPS+ApoA-I group (20%) and in LPS+ApoA-I+LFF group (10%) was significantly lower than that in LPS group (80%) (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively); the survival time was (43.20 ± 10.13) h in LPS+ApoA-I group and (46.80 ± 3.79) h in LPS+ApoA-I+LFF group, which were significantly longer than that in LPS group (16.25 ± 17.28) h (P<0.01). We also carried out in vitro binding study to investigate the binding capacity of ApoA-I and ApoA-I+LFF to fluorescence labeled LPS (FITC-LPS). It was shown that both ApoA-I and ApoA-I+LFF could bind with FITC-LPS, however, the binding capacity of ApoA-I+LFF to FITC-LPS (64.47 ± 8.06) was significantly higher than that of ApoA-I alone (24.35 ± 3.70) (P<0.01). The results suggest that: (1) ApoA-I has the ability to bind with and protect against LPS; (2) LFF enhances the effect of ApoA-I; (3) ApoA-I is the major contributor for HDL anti-endotoxin function.

scholarly journals Comparison of In Vitro Activity and MIC Distributions between the Novel Oxazolidinone Delpazolid and Linezolid against Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojing Zong ◽  
Wei Jing ◽  
Jin Shi ◽  
Shu'an Wen ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mdr Tb

ABSTRACT Oxazolidinones are efficacious in treating mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB) caused by drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we compared the in vitro activities and MIC distributions of delpazolid, a novel oxazolidinone, and linezolid against multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in China. Additionally, genetic mutations in 23S rRNA, rplC, and rplD genes were analyzed to reveal potential mechanisms underlying the observed oxazolidinone resistance. A total of 240 M. tuberculosis isolates were included in this study, including 120 MDR-TB isolates and 120 XDR-TB isolates. Overall, linezolid and delpazolid MIC90 values for M. tuberculosis isolates were 0.25 mg/liter and 0.5 mg/liter, respectively. Based on visual inspection, we tentatively set epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values for MIC determinations for linezolid and delpazolid at 1.0 mg/liter and 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. Although no significant difference in resistance rates was observed between linezolid and delpazolid among XDR-TB isolates (P > 0.05), statistical analysis revealed a significantly greater proportion of linezolid-resistant isolates than delpazolid-resistant isolates within the MDR-TB group (P = 0.036). Seven (53.85%) of 13 linezolid-resistant isolates were found to harbor mutations within the three target genes. Additionally, 1 isolate exhibited an amino acid substitution (Arg126His) within the protein encoded by rplD that contributed to high-level resistance to linezolid (MIC of >16 mg/liter), compared to a delpazolid MIC of 0.25. In conclusion, in vitro susceptibility testing revealed that delpazolid antibacterial activity was comparable to that of linezolid. A novel mutation within rplD that endowed M. tuberculosis with linezolid, but not delpazolid, resistance was identified.

scholarly journals Myocyte-Derived Hsp90 Modulates Collagen Upregulation via Biphasic Activation of STAT-3 in Fibroblasts during Cardiac Hypertrophy

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritwik Datta ◽  
Trisha Bansal ◽  
Santanu Rana ◽  
Kaberi Datta ◽  
Ratul Datta Chaudhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collagen Expression ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3)-mediated signaling in relation to upregulated collagen expression in fibroblasts during cardiac hypertrophy is well defined. Our recent findings have identified heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) to be a critical modulator of fibrotic signaling in cardiac fibroblasts in this disease milieu. The present study was therefore intended to analyze the role of Hsp90 in the STAT-3-mediated collagen upregulation process. Our data revealed a significant difference between in vivo and in vitro results, pointing to a possible involvement of myocyte-fibroblast cross talk in this process. Cardiomyocyte-targeted knockdown of Hsp90 in rats (Rattus norvegicus) in which the renal artery was ligated showed downregulated collagen synthesis. Furthermore, the results obtained with cardiac fibroblasts conditioned with Hsp90-inhibited hypertrophied myocyte supernatant pointed toward cardiomyocytes' role in the regulation of collagen expression in fibroblasts during hypertrophy. Our study also revealed a novel signaling mechanism where myocyte-derived Hsp90 orchestrates not only p65-mediated interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis but also its release in exosomal vesicles. Such myocyte-derived exosomes and myocyte-secreted IL-6 are responsible in unison for the biphasic activation of STAT-3 signaling in cardiac fibroblasts that culminates in excess collagen synthesis, leading to severely compromised cardiac function during cardiac hypertrophy.

scholarly journals d-Amino Acids Enhance the Activity of Antimicrobials against Biofilms of Clinical Wound Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4353-4361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Sanchez ◽  
Kevin S. Akers ◽  
Desiree R. Romano ◽  
Ronald L. Woodbury ◽  
Sharanda K. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

ABSTRACTWithin wounds, microorganisms predominantly exist as biofilms. Biofilms are associated with chronic infections and represent a tremendous clinical challenge. As antibiotics are often ineffective against biofilms, use of dispersal agents as adjunctive, topical therapies for the treatment of wound infections involving biofilms has gained interest. We evaluatedin vitrothe dispersive activity ofd-amino acids (d-AAs) on biofilms from clinical wound isolates ofStaphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosa; moreover, we determined whether combinations ofd-AAs and antibiotics (clindamycin, cefazolin, oxacillin, rifampin, and vancomycin forS. aureusand amikacin, colistin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and ceftazidime forP. aeruginosa) enhance activity against biofilms.d-Met,d-Phe, andd-Trp at concentrations of ≥5 mM effectively dispersed preformed biofilms ofS. aureusandP. aeruginosaclinical isolates, an effect that was enhanced when they were combined as an equimolar mixture (d-Met/d-Phe/d-Trp). When combined withd-AAs, the activity of rifampin was significantly enhanced against biofilms of clinical isolates ofS. aureus, as indicated by a reduction in the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) (from 32 to 8 μg/ml) and a >2-log reduction of viable biofilm bacteria compared to treatment with antibiotic alone. The addition ofd-AAs was also observed to enhance the activity of colistin and ciprofloxacin against biofilms ofP. aeruginosa, reducing the observed MBIC and the number of viable bacteria by >2 logs and 1 log at 64 and 32 μg/ml in contrast to antibiotics alone. These findings indicate that the biofilm dispersal activity ofd-AAs may represent an effective strategy, in combination with antimicrobials, to release bacteria from biofilms, subsequently enhancing antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Protein A Promotes Immune Suppression

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Kobayashi ◽  
Frank R. DeLeo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a prominent cause of human infections worldwide and is notorious for its ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics. Methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA), in particular, is endemic in hospitals and is the most frequent cause of community-associated bacterial infections in the United States. Inasmuch as treatment options for severe MRSA infections are limited, there is need for a vaccine that protects against such infections. However, recent efforts to generate a staphylococcal vaccine have met with little success in human clinical trials. These failures are somewhat puzzling, since the vaccine antigens tested promote opsonophagocytosisin vitroand confer protection in animal infection models. One possibility is that the pathogen inhibits (and/or fails to elicit) the development of protective immunity in humans. Indeed,S. aureusproduces numerous molecules that can potentially promote immune evasion, including protein A (SpA), an immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding protein present on the bacterial surface and freely secreted into the extracellular environment. SpA binds the Fc region of antibody and the Fab regions of the B-cell receptor, processes that are known to block opsonophagocytosis and cause B-cell deathin vitro. In a recent study, Falugi et al. [F. Falugi, H. K. Kim, D. M. Missiakas, and O. Schneewind, mBio 4(5):e00575-13, 2013] showed that vaccination withspamutantS. aureusstrains lacking antibody Fc- and/or Fab-binding capacity protects against subsequent challenge with the USA300 epidemic strain. The findings provide strong support for the idea that SpA promotesS. aureusimmune evasionin vivoand form the foundation for a new approach in our efforts to develop a vaccine that prevents severeS. aureusinfections.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Genomic and Phenotypic Stability in an Industrial Production Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Stage ◽  
Anita Wichmann ◽  
Mette Jørgensen ◽  
Natalia Ivonne Vera-Jimenéz ◽  
Malue Wielje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Probiotic Strains

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is one of the most widely marketed and studied probiotic strains. In L. rhamnosus GG, the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster encodes pili, which are important for some of the probiotic properties of the strain. A previous study showed that the DNA sequence of the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster was not present in some L. rhamnosus GG variants isolated from liquid dairy products. To examine the stability of the L. rhamnosus GG genome in an industrial production process, we sequenced the genome of samples of L. rhamnosus GG (DSM 33156) collected at specific steps of the industrial production process, including the culture collection stock, intermediate fermentations, and final freeze-dried products. We found that the L. rhamnosus GG genome sequence was unchanged throughout the production process. Consequently, the spaCBA-srtC1 gene locus was intact and fully conserved in all 31 samples examined. In addition, different production batches of L. rhamnosus GG exhibited consistent phenotypes, including the presence of pili in final freeze-dried products, and consistent characteristics in in vitro assays of probiotic properties. Our data show that L. rhamnosus GG is highly stable in this industrial production process. IMPORTANCE Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is one of the best-studied probiotic strains. One of the well-characterized features of the strain is the pili encoded by the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster. These pili are involved in persistence in the gastrointestinal tract and are important for the probiotic properties of L. rhamnosus GG. Previous studies demonstrated that the L. rhamnosus GG genome can be unstable under certain conditions and can lose the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster. Since in vitro studies have shown that the loss of the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster decreases certain L. rhamnosus GG probiotic properties, we assessed both the genomic stability and phenotypic properties of L. rhamnosus GG throughout an industrial production process. We found that neither genomic nor phenotypic changes occurred in the samples. Therefore, we demonstrate that L. rhamnosus GG retains the spaCBA-srtC1 cluster and exhibits excellent genomic and phenotypic stability in the specific industrial process examined here.

Selective laser sintered nano-HA/PDLLA composite microspheres for bone scaffolds applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesheng Lin ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jia-Min Wu ◽  
Yunlong Sun ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Aseptic Inflammation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Biological Toxicity ◽  
Composite Microspheres ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose The main cause of aseptic inflammation after an in vivo implantation is that Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and Poly(D-lactide) have a slower degradation and absorption rate, while Poly(D, L-lactide) (PDLLA) has a much faster degradation rate than PLLA because of its amorphous structure. Also, the hydrolyzate of Hydroxyapatite (HA) is alkaline, which can neutralize local tissue peracid caused by hydrolysis of Polylactic acid. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the selective laser sintering (SLS) technique was chosen to prepare bone scaffolds using nano-HA/PDLLA composite microspheres, which were prepared by the solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) method. First, the SLS parameters range of bulk was determined by the result of a single-layer experiment and the optimized parameters were then obtained by the orthogonal experiment. The tensile property, hydrophobicity, biocompatibility, biological toxicity and in vitro degradation of the samples with optimized SLS parameters were characterized. Findings As a result, the samples showed a lower tensile strength because of the many holes in their interior, which was conducive to better cell adhesion and nutrient transport. In addition, the samples retained their inherent properties after SLS and the hydrophobicity was improved after adding nano-HA because of the OH group. Furthermore, the samples showed good biocompatibility with the large number of cells adhering to the material through pseudopods and there was no significant difference between the pure PDLLA and 10% HA/PDLLA in terms of biological toxicity. Finally, the degradation rate of the composites could be tailored by the amount of nano-HA. Originality/value This study combined the S/O/W and SLS technique and provides a theoretical future basis for the preparation of drug-loaded microsphere scaffolds through SLS using HA/PDLLA composites.

In vitro anti-diabetic activity of Tribulus terrestrisL. fruits extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-640
Author(s):  
Kholowd AlKhaldi ◽  
Manal Daghestani ◽  
Thanaa Al-Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Dose Dependent

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the inhibition activity of Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) fruits extracts with solvents of increasing polarity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and to determine the inhibition mode of the most effective extract against both enzymes. Design/methodology/approach Hexane, acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of T. terrestris fruits were prepared using ultrasonic sequential extraction and analyzed for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities by specific assay for each enzyme. The modes of inhibitions were detected using Lineweaver–Burk plots. Findings T. terrestris fruits extracts showed inhibition activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase which was in the dose-dependent manner. Hexane extract had the highest α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC50 = 27.28 μg/ml, p = 0.003), followed by acetone and ethanol extracts (IC50 = 60.58 μg/ml and IC50 = 84.21 μg/ml, respectively). The inhibition mode of hexane extract was noncompetitive. While acetone extract showed the highest inhibition activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 6.18 mg/ml, p = 0.002), hexane and ethanol extracts showed no significant difference (IC50 = 13.04 mg/ml and IC50 = 14.20 mg/ml, respectively, p = 0.09). The inhibition mode of acetone extract was competitive. Originality/value T. terrestris fruits extracts had strong inhibition activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and they can be used as a promising anti-diabetic agent.

Selective alterations in hepatic nuclear T3-receptors and enzyme responses by glucocorticoid deficit or excess

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo R. Recúpero ◽  
Aldo H. Coleoni ◽  
Olga Cherubini ◽  
Adriana Oviedo
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basal Activity ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
T3 Receptors ◽  
Apparent Association

Abstract. Glucocorticoid deficit in rats induced by adrenalectomy for a 10-day period resulted in an increase in the apparent association constant (Ka) of the liver nuclear T3-receptor while maximal binding capacity (MBC) remained unaltered compared to the intact (sham-operated) animals and to adrenalectomy plus dexamethasone (Sx + D) animals. In addition, a significant increase in the basal activity of liver mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD) was observed, while cytosolic malic enzyme (ME) activity was not modified in this situation. Dexamethasone injection (5 mg/kg/day for 4–5 days) to previously adrenalectomized animals (Sx + D) induced a significant increase in MBC of nuclear T3-receptors. On the other hand, Ka value and α-GPD activity were restored to the values found in the control group. However, basal activity of ME as well as the response of this enzyme to a saturating dose of T3 was substantially increased by dexamethasone treatment. A non-specific in vitro effect of dexamethasone on MBC and ME was excluded as these parameters were not modified when dexamethasone was added immediately before the in vitro assays. The present study indicates that glucocorticoid deficit or excess is able to induce changes at the level of the nuclear T3-receptor site. The increase in the activity of cytolic ME induced by dexamethasone injection was associated with a simultaneous

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