Connector-Driven Process for the Gradual Evolution of Component-Based Software

Abstract In this paper we have studied the gradual evolution of stationary formations in electron acoustic waves at a finite temperature quantum plasma. We have made use of Quantum hydrodynamics model equations and obtained the KdV-Burgers equation. From here we showed how the amplitude modulated solitons evolve from double layer structures through shock fronts and ultimately converging into solitary structures. We have studied the various parametric influences on such stationary structure and also showed how the gradual variations of these parameter affect the transition from one form to another. The results thus obtained will help in the generation and structure of the structures in their respective domain. Much of the experiments on dense plasma will benefit from the parametric study. Further we have studied amplitude modulation followed by a detailed study on chaos.

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Human language evolution: a view from theoretical linguistics on how syntax and the lexicon first came into being

Primates ◽

10.1007/s10329-021-00891-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haruka Fujita ◽

Koji Fujita

Keyword(s):

Language Evolution ◽

Animal Cognition ◽

Action Planning ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Human Language ◽

Motor Action ◽

Cognitive Capacities ◽

Gradual Evolution ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Evolutionary Continuity

AbstractHuman language is a multi-componential function comprising several sub-functions each of which may have evolved in other species independently of language. Among them, two sub-functions, or modules, have been claimed to be truly unique to the humans, namely hierarchical syntax (known as “Merge” in linguistics) and the “lexicon.” This kind of species-specificity stands as a hindrance to our natural understanding of human language evolution. Here we challenge this issue and advance our hypotheses on how human syntax and lexicon may have evolved from pre-existing cognitive capacities in our ancestors and other species including but not limited to nonhuman primates. Specifically, we argue that Merge evolved from motor action planning, and that the human lexicon with the distinction between lexical and functional categories evolved from its predecessors found in animal cognition through a process we call “disintegration.” We build our arguments on recent developments in generative grammar but crucially depart from some of its core ideas by borrowing insights from other relevant disciplines. Most importantly, we maintain that every sub-function of human language keeps evolutionary continuity with other species’ cognitive capacities and reject a saltational emergence of language in favor of its gradual evolution. By doing so, we aim to offer a firm theoretical background on which a promising scenario of language evolution can be constructed.

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Flow of Devonian anatectic crust in the accretionary Altai Orogenic Belt, central Asia: Insights into horizontal and vertical magma transfer

Geological Society of America Bulletin ◽

10.1130/b35645.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sheng Wang ◽

Yingde Jiang ◽

Roberto Weinberg ◽

Karel Schulmann ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Crustal Thickening ◽

Drainage Network ◽

Vertical Flow ◽

Granite Emplacement ◽

Deep Crust ◽

Gradual Evolution ◽

Mass Redistribution ◽

Granite Complex ◽

Crustal Differentiation

Flow of partially molten crust is a key contributor to mass and heat redistribution within orogenic systems, however, this process has not yet been fully understood in accretionary orogens. This issue is addressed in a Devonian migmatite-granite complex from the Chinese Altai through structural, petrological, and geochronological investigations presented in this study. The migmatite-granite complex records a gradual evolution from metatexite, diatexite to granite and preserves a record of two main Devonian phases of deformation designated D1 and D2. The D1 phase was subdivided into an early crustal thickening episode (D1B) and a later extensional episode (D1M) followed by D2 upright folding. The D1M episode is associated with anatexis in the deep crust. Vertical shortening, associated with D1M, gave rise to the segregation of melt and formation of a sub-horizontal layering of stromatic metatexite. This fabric was reworked by the D2 deformation associated with the migration of anatectic magma in the cores of F2 antiforms. Geochronological investigations combined with petro-structural analysis reveal that: (1) D1M partial melting started probably at 420−410 Ma and formed sub-horizontal stromatic metatexites at ∼30 km depth; (2) The anatectic magma accumulated and migrated when a drainage network developed, as attested by the pervasive formation of massive diatexite migmatites, at 410−400 Ma; (3) Soon after, massive flow of the partially molten crust from orogenic lower to orogenic upper crustal levels, assisted by the interplay between D2 upright folding and magma diapirism, led to migmatite-granite emplacement in the cores of regional F2 antiforms that lasted until at least 390 Ma; (4) a terminal stage was manifested by the emplacement of 370−360 Ma granite dykes into the surrounding metamorphic envelope. We propose that Devonian anatexis assisted by deformation governed first the horizontal and then the vertical flow of partially molten orogenic lower crust, which drove crustal flow, mass redistribution, and crustal differentiation in the accretionary system of the Chinese Altai.

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Perio Millennium The journey of periodontology from then to now

RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.26715/rjds.13_3_3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 235-240

Author(s):

Patnaik R ◽

Nayak A

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Physical Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Gradual Evolution ◽

History Of ◽

Physical Health Care

Since the beginning of the civilisation, humans have been in a constant process of development. Along with lifestyle, healthcare developments have also been embraced in a remarkable journey through ages. With evolving lifestyle, the survival of disease-causing pathogens has also parallelly developed by sudden mutations and gradual evolution of species for their survival, demanding an improvement in healthcare facilities which include physical, mental and social well-being. The physical health care has seen an interesting journey in terms of both systemic and oral health. While we speak of health, the contribution of periodontal health is an appreciable factor determining the health of the oral cavity. Periodontal healthcare has existed, evolved and advanced with every passing day. This manuscript aimed at reviewing the history of periodontology from its earliest evidence up to the impending future of periodontology, exploring its existence from an era of prehistoric civilisation to an era which is yet to present itself.

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Numerical Modeling of Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization in Sn-Based Solder Connection Under Cyclic Loading

10.1115/ipack2021-73319 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marta Kuczynska ◽

Ulrich Becker ◽

Youssef Maniar ◽

Steffen Weihe

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Dynamic Recrystallization ◽

Cyclic Load ◽

Fe Simulation ◽

Operation Time ◽

Inelastic Strain ◽

Parameter Study ◽

Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization ◽

Gradual Evolution ◽

Continuous Dynamic

Abstract The reoccurring cyclic load imposed onto soldered electronic components during their operation time leads to accumulation of inelastic strains in the structure. On a microscale level, the degree of plastic deformation is determined by the formation and annihilation of dislocations, leading to continuous refinement by creation of new grain boundaries, precipitates relocation and growth. This microstructure rearrangement, triggered by an increasing amount of inelastic deformation, is defined as dynamic recrystallization. This work presents a macroscale modelling approach for the description of continuous dynamic recrystallization observed in Sn-based solder connections. The model used in this work describes kinetics of macroscopic gradual evolution of equivalent grain size, where the initial grain size is continuously refined with increasing accumulated inelastic strain until a saturation grain size is reached. The rate and distribution of dynamic recrystallization is further numerically modelled dependent on the effective accumulated inelastic strain and governing stress multiaxiality. A parameter study of the presented model and its employment in finite element (FE) simulation is further described. Finally, FE simulation of the grain size evolution is demonstrated on an example of a bulky sample under isothermal cyclic mechanical loading, as well as a BGA-like structure under tensile, shear and mixed mode cyclic load.

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Lexeme Glück in German Dictionaries of the 16th — 19th Centuries: Lexicographic Representation and Interpretation of Its Conceptual Content

Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin ◽

10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-53-1-9-22 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-22

Author(s):

Andrey Ivanov ◽

◽

Rimma Ivanova ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Semantic Analysis ◽

18Th Century ◽

Full Range ◽

Well Being ◽

Spiritual Needs ◽

Semantic Structure ◽

Middle High German ◽

13Th Century ◽

Gradual Evolution

The article discusses the concept “happiness” as represented and interpreted in lexicography. The aim of the study is to compare existing theories about the origin of the word Glück, to trace the development of its semantics from one generalized meaning to a set of meanings that reflects a gradual evolution of people’s ideas about happiness, and to identify ways of representing these ideas by lexicographic means. Using methods of historical-linguistic, compara-tive, etymological, definitional, and semantic analysis, the authors examine German dictionaries and lexicons published in the period from 1513 to 1888 and establish that in those four centuries the concept “happiness,” represented in the German vocabulary by the lexeme Glück, underwent significant transformation, as material and spiritual needs of people kept changing against the background of gradual humanization of their social life, which, in its turn, led to added complexity in the semantic structure of the lexeme Glück that embodies this concept. Descriptions of the lexeme Glück in dictionaries dating from the beginning of the 16th to mid-18th century are very concise due to the type of these dictionaries (nomenclators, translated dictionaries) and do not involve detailed comments on the full range of meanings that the lexeme had. The main elements of the semantic structure of the lexeme are ‘(temporary) well-being,’ ‘bliss,’ ‘luc ,’ and ‘fortune (fate)’ (glu c fall, glu c elig eit, wol tand, zeit-liche Wolfart). Analyzing interpretations of the lexeme Glück in the mid-18th — late 19th century dictionaries, the authors conclude that the semantic structure of the lexeme became more complicated due to philosophical rethinking of the concept and its integrated dissemination through dictionaries. The etymology of the word Glüc is still unclear. It is assumed that the word appeared in the 13th century and retained a neutral meaning until the end of the Middle High German period when a positive connotation began to prevail in the semantics of the word.

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Board to Page to Board

Board Game Studies Journal ◽

10.1515/bgs-2016-0002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 17-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philip M. Winkelman

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

20Th Century ◽

American Indians ◽

North American ◽

Intelligent Design ◽

Typically Develop ◽

North American Indians ◽

The North ◽

Gradual Evolution

Abstract The ways new games typically develop might be viewed as a continuum ranging from very gradual “evolution” based on mutations introduced to a single progenitor during play or recall, to sudden “intelligent design” based on a purposeful and original combination — or even invention — of ludemes independent of any particular lines of transmission. This paper argues that two proprietary 20th-century games, C.A. Neves’s Fang den Hut! and Lizzie Magie’s The Landlord’s Game, were developed in a different way, a bit outside the typical continuum. It analyzes the games’ general typologies, and specific ludemes, concluding that both games are modern adaptations of traditional Native American games encountered, not through play or even contact with players, but through the seminal ethnographic publications of Stewart Culin. Specifically, Fang den Hut! derives from Boolik via Games of the North American Indians, and The Landlord’s Game derives from Zohn Ahl via Chess and Playing-Cards.

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What 5G has been and what should 5G+ be?

Athens Journal of Τechnology & Engineering ◽

10.30958/ajte.8-1-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 27-38

Author(s):

Zoran Bojkovic ◽

Dragorad Milovanovic ◽

Tulsi Pawan Fowdur ◽

Mussawir Ahmad Hosany

Keyword(s):

Mobile Networks ◽

Mobile Communications ◽

Performance Enhancement ◽

Performance Targets ◽

Technology Roadmap ◽

Industrial Organizations ◽

Gradual Evolution ◽

5G Network ◽

And Performance ◽

Two Stages

In this work we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the most inspiring aspects of 5G mobile networks. In addition, we present the latest findings on the promising 6G technology towards a world of fully digital connectivity. The key determinants are extreme system performance and combinations of requirements for new use cases. We study new performance targets beyond 5G in two stages: 5G+ evolution and new 6G step. Relevant technologies considered too immature for 5G or outside the defined scope are outlined. To justify our vision of future mobile networks, we point out the need for closer collaborations of academia, standardizing bodies, industrial organizations and governments. The contribution strategy is gradual evolution and performance enhancement of mobile communications. Finally, we identify challenges and directions on network technology roadmap toward 6G. Keywords: wireless communication, mobile broadband, low-latency communi-cation, 5G network, 3GPP, 6G vision

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Postwar Canadian Academic Libraries, 1945–60

Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship ◽

10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v3.28488 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

Lorne D. Bruce

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Academic Libraries ◽

Postwar Period ◽

Historical Survey ◽

World War ◽

National Review ◽

Gradual Evolution ◽

Academic Librarianship ◽

The 1960S ◽

College Library

This article undertakes a historical survey of university and college library developments in Canada between 1945 and 1960. It examines contemporary accounts in relation to library architecture, the acquisition and organization of collections, administrative library structures and staffing, services for faculty and students, and efforts by librarians to realize professional standing. A national review of academic libraries and librarianship expands our knowledge beyond the typical themes applied to this era: "growth" and "progress." The architectural redefinition of libraries, the impetus to establish research collections, the maturation of academic librarianship, and the increasing complexity of library operations were prominent features in the postwar period. The gradual evolution of academic libraries towards more-uniform organizational purposes and structures on a national basis following World War II can be considered a period of “midcentury modernization” that preceded the more memorable and better documented decades of the 1960s and later.

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