The Relationship Between Standard and Autonomous Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Toth ◽  
Gabor Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Implications of Autonomous Vehicles for Accessibility and Transport Equity: A Framework Based on Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4448
Author(s):  
Alberto Dianin ◽  
Elisa Ravazzoli ◽  
Georg Hauger
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Social Accessibility ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing accessibility and balancing its distribution across space and social groups are two fundamental goals to make transport more sustainable and equitable. In the next decades, autonomous vehicles (AVs) could significantly transform the transport system, influencing accessibility and transport equity. In particular, depending on the assumed features of AVs (e.g., private or collective) and the considered spatial, social, and regulative context (e.g., rural or urban areas), impacts may be very different. Nevertheless, research in this field is still limited, and the relationship between AV assumptions and accessibility impacts is still partially unclear. This paper aims to provide a framework of the key and emerging aspects related to the implications of AVs for accessibility and transport equity. To set this framework, we perform an analysis of the scientific literature based on a conceptual model describing the implications of AVs for the distribution of accessibility across space and social groups. We recognize four main expected impacts of AVs on accessibility: (1) accessibility polarization, (2) accessibility sprawl, (3) exacerbation of social accessibility inequities, and (4) alleviation of social accessibility inequities. These impacts are described and analyzed in relation to the main AV assumptions expected to trigger them through different mechanisms. Based on the results, some recommendations for future studies intending to focus on the relation between AVs, accessibility, and transport equity are provided.

scholarly journals Persistent Multi-Agent Search and Tracking with Flight Endurance Constraints

Robotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gainer Jr. ◽  
Jeremy Dawkins ◽  
Levi DeVries ◽  
Michael Kutzer
Keyword(s):  
Target Tracking ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Coordination Algorithms ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
Long Endurance ◽  
The Relationship

A large group of small, limited endurance autonomous vehicles working cooperatively may be more effective in target search and track operations when compared with a long endurance vehicle. For a persistent search and track task, a need exists for coordination algorithms that account for limited agent endurance. This paper presents a multi-agent persistent search and track algorithm incorporating endurance constraints in a high-level algorithm that deploys and recovers vehicles from a stationary base station. Agents are assigned to search, track, return, and deploy modes using on-board sensor and battery measurements. Simulations and experiments show the relationship between the number of agents, battery capacity, search performance, and target tracking performance. The measures used to quantify these relationships include spatiotemporal coverage, target tracking effectiveness, and the usage of available aircraft. Hardware experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

scholarly journals Public Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Shared Autonomous Vehicles Services in Nagoya, Japan

Smart Cities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyang Hao ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
The Relationship

Shared autonomous vehicle systems are anticipated to offer cleaner, safer, and cheaper mobility services when autonomous vehicles are finally implemented on the roads. The evaluation of people’s intentions regarding shared autonomous vehicle services appears to be critical prior to the promotion of this emerging mobility on demand approach. Based on a stated preference survey in Nagoya, Japan, the preference for shared autonomous vehicle services as well as willingness to pay for these services were examined among 1036 respondents in order to understand the relationship between people’s socioeconomic characteristics and their preferred shared autonomous vehicle services. For this purpose, k-modes clustering technique was selected and six clusters were obtained. Six groups with respect to different interests on shared autonomous vehicle services were clustered. The result of correlation analysis and discussion of willingness to pay on services provided insightful results for the future shared autonomous vehicle services. This study not only aids in revealing the demands of customer different clusters, but also states the prospective needs of users for stakeholders from research, policymaker and industry field, who are preparing to work on promoting shared autonomous vehicle systems, and subsequently, develops an optimum transportation mode by considering both demand and services as a whole.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of the PC5 Resource Grid Design on the Capacity and Efficiency of LTE-V2X in Vehicular Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Leandro Miguel Lopez ◽  
Charmae Franchesca Mendoza ◽  
Jordi Casademont ◽  
Daniel Camps-Mur
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Block Size ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Grid Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Vehicular communications will foster mobility services and enable mass adoption of future autonomous vehicles, interchanging huge amount of data acquired from vehicles’ sensors. 3GPP Release 14 presents the first standard for supporting V2X in LTE. Several enhancements are introduced, including a new arrangement of the physical resource grid, where subchannels are the minimum resource unit instead of Resource Blocks. The resource grid is defined by several design parameters, some of them with constraints imposed by 3GPP specifications, that affect the maximum message transmission rate and efficiency of the system. Moreover, the optimum choice of these parameters is closely linked to message length, which is another variable parameter. This paper provides an analysis of the relationship between these design parameters (Resource Block per Subchannel, Transport Block Size Index, and coding rate), message size, and the system’s maximum capacity and efficiency. In doing so, we do not consider channel reuse or radio transmission characteristics because the focus of this paper is trying to find the resource grid design parameters that optimize system capacity, which is a very important aspect to consider by V2X operators.

scholarly journals Development of a Situational Awareness Estimation Model Considering Traffic Environment for Unscheduled Takeover Situations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hayashi ◽  
Naoki Oka ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kamezaki ◽  
Shigeki Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Estimation System ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In semi-autonomous vehicles (SAE level 3) that requires drivers to takeover (TO) the control in critical situations, a system needs to judge if the driver have enough situational awareness (SA) for manual driving. We previously developed a SA estimation system that only used driver’s glance data. For deeper understanding of driver’s SA, the system needs to evaluate the relevancy between driver’s glance and surrounding vehicle and obstacles. In this study, we thus developed a new SA estimation model considering driving-relevant objects and investigated the relationship between parameters. We performed TO experiments in a driving simulator to observe driver’s behavior in different position of surrounding vehicles and TO performance such as the smoothness of steering control. We adopted support vector machine to classify obtained dataset into safe and dangerous TO, and the result showed 83% accuracy in leave-one-out cross validation. We found that unscheduled TO led to maneuver error and glance behavior differed from individuals.

scholarly journals Driving Space for Autonomous Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Diange Yang ◽  
Xinyu Jiao ◽  
Kun Jiang ◽  
Zhong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fundamental Step ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDriving space for autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a simplified representation of real driving environments that helps facilitate driving decision processes. Existing literatures present numerous methods for constructing driving spaces, which is a fundamental step in AV development. This study reviews the existing researches to gain a more systematic understanding of driving space and focuses on two questions: how to reconstruct the driving environment, and how to make driving decisions within the constructed driving space. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of driving space are analyzed. The study provides further understanding of the relationship between perception and decision-making and gives insight into direction of future research on driving space of AVs.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship between the Density and Lane-Changing Behavior of Circular Multilane Urban Expressway in Mixed Traffic

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Han Xie ◽  
Juanxiu Zhu ◽  
Huawei Duan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Urban Expressway ◽  
The Relationship

The behavior of changing lanes has a great impact on road traffic with heavy traffic. Traffic flow density is one of the important parameters that characterize the characteristics of traffic flow, and it will also be affected by the behavior of changing lanes, especially in the case of each lane. The penetration of autonomous vehicles can effectively reduce lane-changing behavior. Studying the relationship between traffic flow density and lane-changing behavior under different autonomous vehicle penetration rates is of great significance for describing the operation mechanism of mixed traffic flow and the control of mixed traffic. In this article, we use empirical, simulation, and data-driven methods to analyze the urban expressway of autonomous vehicles with penetration rates of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. A simulation experiment was carried out on the road, and data related to density, the rate of changing into the lanes, and the rate of changing out lanes were collected. The analysis of the experimental results found the following: (1) The increase in penetration of autonomous vehicles leads to a certain degree of downward trend in density, the rate of changing into the lanes, and the rate of changing out lanes. (2) Different lanes have different effects on the penetration of autonomous vehicles. In a 4-lane road, the two lanes farther from the entrance and exit are closer in appearance, while the two lanes closer to the entrance and exit are similar. (3) The relationship between density and the rate of changing into the lanes and the rate of changing out lanes shows a linear relationship with the penetration of autonomous vehicles. Although the performance of each lane is slightly different, in general, it can be carried out by a multiple regression model. The given parameter value range is relatively close under different permeability. In summary, autonomous vehicles effectively reduce the traffic density and lane-changing behavior of each lane. There is a linear relationship between traffic flow density and lane-changing behavior with the penetration of autonomous vehicles. The density-lane-changing behavior model proposed in this paper can better describe the relationship between the density of the circular multilane urban expressway and the lane-changing behavior in the case of a large traffic flow in mixed traffic.

scholarly journals The Motivation Based on Customer Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Muhammad S Ahmed ◽  
John Weisgerber
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Marketing Organization ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Equipment Manufacturer ◽  
Customer Interaction ◽  
The Relationship

Many factors and theories of motivation apply broadly to workers regardless of profession.  The prior research has shown that engineers and knowledge workers are highly motivated by intrinsic and non-monetary factors such as challenging work, recognition for good results, and the opportunity for professional growth.  Therefore, the nature of their assigned tasks and their ability to complete their work in an efficient and robust way are highly related to motivation.  Product Development Engineers (PDEs) play a crucial role in creating value and revenue for companies via the development of useful new products for customers. It is, however, a general observation that PDEs in automotive companies, especially at original equipment manufacturer, OEM, levels, often have minimal or no interaction with the end customer. With the advent of hybrid, electric, and autonomous vehicles, PDE working in the automotive industry, APDEs, has seen a shift in their role and responsibilities from traditional automotive PDEs. APDEs mostly receive customer input indirectly from management or through a marketing organization.  This is in contrast to other professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and architects who frequently interact directly with their customers.  This paper presents the finding of qualitative research, examining the relationship between APDEs interaction with customers, and achieving clear customer inputs. The paper investigates differences among various types of APDEs and seeks further insights as to the motivational impact of customer inputs on automotive PDEs. It also probes the question if there are any differences among various types of automotive PDEs when it comes to motivation. The paper concludes that, for some types of APDEs, the lack of customer interaction is a motivational disadvantage while for the others it is not. It also concludes that further research needs to be conducted in order to find the reasons for such discrepancies.

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