scholarly journals Driving Space for Autonomous Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Diange Yang ◽  
Xinyu Jiao ◽  
Kun Jiang ◽  
Zhong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fundamental Step ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDriving space for autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a simplified representation of real driving environments that helps facilitate driving decision processes. Existing literatures present numerous methods for constructing driving spaces, which is a fundamental step in AV development. This study reviews the existing researches to gain a more systematic understanding of driving space and focuses on two questions: how to reconstruct the driving environment, and how to make driving decisions within the constructed driving space. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of driving space are analyzed. The study provides further understanding of the relationship between perception and decision-making and gives insight into direction of future research on driving space of AVs.

Framing Sustainable Practices

2019 ◽  
pp. 1510-1526
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gauthier ◽  
Chris Meyer ◽  
David Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This paper develops and clarifies social intrapreneurship theory by examining the “how” of effective intrapreneurial championing. More specifically, the authors consider the following research question: How does the manner in which middle managers frame sustainable practices influence successful championing outcomes? The authors integrate the natural-resource-based view of the firm with research on middle management championing behaviors and issue-contingent models of ethical decision making to propose a model of sustainability championing for social intrapreneurs. To that end, propositions are developed concerning the relationship between the types of sustainable practice championed, how the argument for a given practice is framed, and successful championing outcomes. This paper contributes to a growing body of literature on social intrapreneurship, providing insight into how intrapreneurial championing can be more effective and building a foundation for future research.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Selection of Insulation Materials in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Tomas Balezentis ◽  
Virgilijus Skulskis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Selection Of

The European Commission has recently adopted the Renovation Wave Strategy, aiming at the improvement of the energy performance of buildings. The strategy aims to at least double renovation rates in the next ten years and make sure that renovations lead to higher energy and resource efficiency. The choice of appropriate thermal insulation materials is one of the simplest and, at the same time, the most popular strategies that effectively reduce the energy demand of buildings. Today, the spectrum of insulation materials is quite wide, and each material has its own specific characteristics. It is recognized that the selection of materials is one of the most challenging and difficult steps of a building project. This paper aims to give an in-depth view of existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications for the selection of insulation materials and to provide major insights in order to simplify the process of methods and criteria selection for future research. A systematic literature review is performed based on the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In order to determine which MCDM method is the most appropriate for different questions, the main advantages and disadvantages of different methods are provided.

scholarly journals Individual goals and social preferences in operational decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke Hofstra ◽  
Wout Dullaert ◽  
Sander De Leeuw ◽  
Eirini Spiliotopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop propositions explaining the influence of individual goals and social preferences on human decision making in transport planning. The aim is to understand which individual goals and social preferences planners pursue and how these influence planners’ decisions. Design/methodology/approach Propositions are developed based on investigation of decision making of transport planners in a Dutch logistics service provider using multiple data collection methods. Findings The study shows how decision making of transport planners is motivated by individual goals as well as social preferences for reciprocity and group identity. Research limitations/implications Further research including transaction data analysis is needed to triangulate findings and to strengthen conclusions. Propositions are developed to be tested in future research. Practical implications Results suggest that efforts to guide planners in their decision making should go beyond traditional (monetary) incentives and consider their individual goals and social preferences. Moreover, this study provides insight into why transport planners deviate from desired behaviour. Originality/value While individual decision making plays an essential role in operational planning, the factors influencing how individuals make operational planning decisions are not fully understood.

Consumerism

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ioanna Papasolomou
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter reveals that the term ‘consumerism' encompasses a number of meanings which create confusion regarding the term. The discussion that follows, attempts to distinguish the different perspectives regarding the term by presenting its historical development and discussing the three definitions that have marked it. It explores the relationship between consumerism, marketing and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The growth of consumerism has led to the over-use of marketing which provided a flourishing ground for compulsive buying and consumption. There is evidence in the literature to suggest that in an era of increasing social problems and environmental challenges, there is a need for CSR and sustainable marketing. In fact, the second definition of consumerism is inextricably linked with CSR and societal marketing. The chapter is conceptual in nature and provides an in-depth review and discussion of some fundamental dimensions associated to consumerism based on the existent literature. The overarching aim is to provide an insight into the evolution and growth of consumerism based on the existent literature related to the topic. The discussion also focuses on exploring the relationship between marketing and consumerism shedding light onto compulsive buying, consumer attitudes and concerns on the micro consumerism issues, sustainable consumption and sustainable marketing. The chapter proceeds to raise some concerns related to the impact of the global economic crisis on consumerism by using as an example Cyprus based on the author's observations and thoughts. The chapter concludes with a list of suggestions to practitioners and directions for future research.

Success Factors in the Implementation of a Collaborative Technology and Resulting Productivity Improvements in a Small Business

2005 ◽  
pp. 129-150
Author(s):  
Nory B. Jones ◽  
Thomas R. Kochtanek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collaborative Technology ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Practitioners and academics often assume that investments in technology will lead to productivity improvements. While the literature provides many examples of performance improvements resulting from adoption of different technologies, there is little evidence demonstrating specific, generalizable factors that contribute to these improvements. Furthermore, investment in technology does not guarantee effective implementation. This qualitative study examined the relationship between four classes of potential success factors on the adoption of a collaborative technology and whether they were related to performance improvements in a small service company. Users of a newly adopted collaborative technology were interviewed to explore which factors contributed to their initial adoption and subsequent effective use of this technology. The results show that several factors were strongly related to adoption and effective implementation. The impact on performance improvements was further explored. Results showed a qualitative link to several performance improvements including timesavings and improved decision-making. These results are discussed in terms of generalizability as well as suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Human decision-making biases in the moral dilemmas of autonomous vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius-Aurel Frank ◽  
Polymeros Chrysochou ◽  
Panagiotis Mitkidis ◽  
Dan Ariely
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Human Decision

Abstract The development of artificial intelligence has led researchers to study the ethical principles that should guide machine behavior. The challenge in building machine morality based on people’s moral decisions, however, is accounting for the biases in human moral decision-making. In seven studies, this paper investigates how people’s personal perspectives and decision-making modes affect their decisions in the moral dilemmas faced by autonomous vehicles. Moreover, it determines the variations in people’s moral decisions that can be attributed to the situational factors of the dilemmas. The reported studies demonstrate that people’s moral decisions, regardless of the presented dilemma, are biased by their decision-making mode and personal perspective. Under intuitive moral decisions, participants shift more towards a deontological doctrine by sacrificing the passenger instead of the pedestrian. In addition, once the personal perspective is made salient participants preserve the lives of that perspective, i.e. the passenger shifts towards sacrificing the pedestrian, and vice versa. These biases in people’s moral decisions underline the social challenge in the design of a universal moral code for autonomous vehicles. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide directions for future research.

Power and Influence Strategies in Violent and Nonviolent Marriages

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Hanson Frieze ◽  
Maureen C. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Dimension ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

How important is the use of physical violence in determining the balance of power within marriage? Do women in violent marriages make more use of indirect strategies in attempting to persuade their husbands than do women in nonviolent marriages? Is marital satisfaction related to influence styles? These questions are investigated by looking at decision making in couples and how this is related to the forms of influence strategies used by wives and husbands in violent and nonviolent marriages. Data from in-depth structured interviews with 137 self-identified battered wives and 137 comparison wives, some of whom were also found to have experienced violence from their husbands, are used to answer these questions. Results indicated that women with violent husbands used more influence strategies overall, although these women had less overall power in terms of decision making than did women with nonviolent husbands. The relationship of influence strategies to decision making was different for women with violent husbands than for those whose husbands were not violent. As expected, the use of coercive strategies related negatively to marital happiness, whereas positive strategies were positively predictive. Violence and other negative strategies should be included in future research on influence strategies in close relationships, and a positive–negative dimension should be included as a way of categorizing influence strategies.

Command Decisions

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-522
Author(s):  
Scott Martin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Expected Utility ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Socioeconomic Class ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Conquest Of Mexico

The interaction of Spanish and indigenous peoples during the conquest of Mexico yielded a wide variety of actions and decisions. Native groups sometimes battled the Spanish but in other instances cooperated. The Spaniards often attacked when facing overwhelming odds but in other situations retreated with meager gains. Insight into those decisions and actions is gained by looking at human wants and preferences. The Friedman-Savage utility function is applied to specific important events of the conquest of Mexico to clarify the decision making of the participants. An interdisciplinary approach is employed in constructing the expected utility of wealth model, where the maximization of the expected utility of wealth and movement between socioeconomic classes is critically analyzed. Evidence from the Juan de Grijalva expedition, interactions with coastal villages, Hernán Cortés's approach to Tenochtitlan, and the Tlaxcalan decision to ally with the Spaniards are used to clearly illustrate the relationship between the utility of wealth and decision making. Looking through the lens of the Friedman-Savage utility function at events up to Cortés's meeting with Moteucçoma, it is clear that the utility of wealth and the unprecedented opportunities to move to a new socioeconomic class were strong factors in the decision making of the participants.

scholarly journals New approach to decision making by multiple criteria analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 01002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Vanicek ◽  
Jana Kucerova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Criteria Evaluation

Many decision processes in technical and economical sciences require multiple criteria decision making. The most widely applied methods for multiple criteria evaluation of alternatives are based on the evaluation of alternatives in terms of an additive preference function. All of them require the estimation of weights of usually conflicting criteria. There are several methods how to find the weights of the criteria and how to find the evaluation of each solution in each criterion. The decision process based on simple weighted sum of values may not be the best approach in all situations. This paper contains a new approach of the evaluation of measured value set by different mathematical operators than the usually used multiple criteria evaluation methods. The approach was applied in a case study for multiple criteria evaluation. Generally, this new decision-support tool can help in various situations where different types of effects caused by a construction or reconstruction can occur. This is a very frequent situation in dealing with building defects, too.

A New Look at Stone Drills of the Indus Valley Tradition

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Kenoyer ◽  
Massimo Vidale
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Indus Valley ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drilling Technology ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTDrilling technology of the Indus Valley Tradition was highly specialized and various types of chert and jasper were used to drill different types of materials. Earlier studies used primarily macroscopic observations to define features such as the manufacturing technique of drills, the raw materials and the mechanics of drilling. These generalizations can be revised given the discovery of important workshop areas and the availability of SEM, XRD and electron microprobe analysis. This paper will summarize the current state of. drilling research and define two categories of drills that were used in antiquity; tapered cylindrical drills and constricted cylindrical drills. Directions for future research on the relationship between drilling and other contemporaneous technologies are discussed.

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