The Impact of Flare, Polarized Light and Aberration on CD Uniformity of Butting Pattern and CD Control

Polypropylene (PP) composites containing magnesium oxysulfate particle (MOSp), magnesium oxysulfate whisker (MOSw), or magnesium oxysulfate sector (MOSs) were prepared via melt blending method. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that three magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) fillers all dispersed homogeneously in PP matrix and displayed vague and fuzzy interfaces. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) patterns showed that MOSp induced the most amount of β-PP, which was supported by polarized light microscopy (PLM) photographs. Moreover, PLM photographs also showed that the presence of MOSp, MOSw, or MOSw decreased the PP spherulites, especially for MOSp. As such, mechanical tests showed that incorporation of MOSp into PP matrix greatly improved the impact strength and least lowered the nominal strain at break. The yield strength and Young’s modulus of composites were greatly enhanced with MOSw. Two possible reasons for this phenomenon are rigidity of MOSw and microstructure of composites. Rheological properties were measured via small amplitude oscillatory shear. The results showed that PP melts containing MOSw exhibited significant yield stress and “shear-thinning” behaviors, which indicated the formation of MOSw network and the transition from “liquid-like” PP matrix to “solid-like” composites. The rheological results greatly proved the enhancement in tensile properties of MOSw-incorporated composites.

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Studying the impact of different body positioning, squatting, and unipodal flexion on perfusion in the lower limb – an exploratory approach complemented with optical spectroscopy (TiVi)

Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research ◽

10.19277/bbr.17.2.235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sergio Nuno ◽

Margarida Florindo ◽

Henrique Silva ◽

Luis Monteiro Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Contralateral Limb ◽

Doppler Flowmetry ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Functional Dynamics ◽

Exploratory Approach ◽

Lower Limb Movement ◽

The Impact ◽

Healthy Participants

Body posture and movement seem to be responsible for multiple variations of microcirculation in the foot, although difficulties associated with measurement during movement have limited their characterization. This pilot study sought to explore a new non-invasive instrument based on polarized light spectroscopy – the TiVi system, under orthostatic and dynamic conditions. Five healthy participants (duly informed, 26.0 ± 6.5 years of age) of both genders were selected. The protocol involved sequential posture changes (orthostatic variation) and dynamic movements (squatting and unipodal flexion). Perfusion variations were evaluated in both feet by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and polarized spectroscopy (TiVi). Both systems revealed the same type of modification of these flow-related variables. The most pronounced changes were obtained with exercise, especially with squatting, which caused a marked increase in foot perfusion. Less dramatic but in the same direction, the increased perfusion with unipodal flexion was also observed in the contralateral limb. This study confirmed the interest in using the TiVi system in these domains, as well as the appropriateness of this experimental design to look deeper into the impact of lower limb movement on the functional dynamics of the foot.

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Geo-Environmental investigation of Sahure pyramid complex, Abusir Archeological site, Giza, Egypt

10.21203/rs.3.rs-282899/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdelrhman Muhamed Fahmy Sayed Ahmed ◽

Fatma Muhamed Helmy

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Field Studies ◽

Point Of View ◽

Western Side ◽

The Impact ◽

Archeological Site ◽

Engineering Stability

Abstract Abusir is the name of an elaborate burial area, dotted with 19 pyramids other temples, stretching on the western side of the Nile from the south of the Giza Plateau to the northern rim of Saqqara. It seems to have been created as the resting site for the Pharaos dated from 2494 to 2345 BC. The name Abusir, originally spoken as Busiri, means” temple of Osiris”. Over time, the name has become so popular, that more than 60 villages now carry this name. But only one is the archaeological site. This paper does not refer to all of the Abusir archaeological area, but focuses one of its most important sites: Sahure pyramid, one of Egypt’s little known, but heavily damaged treasure. One of the highlights of the relevant research is the discovery of a piece of cement (Basaltic mortar/concrete), which consists of several materials and which is harder than any cement produced today and detection of a clear and significant Anorthite mineral (Plagioclase) in the mortar sample which had been proven by XRD, XRF (analysis) and Polarized light microscope (investigation). The main objectives of this paper are 1) to reveal and identify the construction materials of the pyramid and the construction of the pyramid,2) to evaluate the durability and vulnerability of the Ancient construction materials of Sahure pyramid,3) to compare the decayed patterns of the different construction materials, 4) to study the pyramid building materials from geological, meteorological, geochemical, petrological and petrophysical point of view, and 5) to present a proposal for scientific conservation and protection of the pyramid. Laboratories and field studies have been carried out by researchers from various countries to investigate and understand the problems of the pyramid leading to the final results which confirmed the impact of the geo environment conditions on the structural and engineering stability of the pyramid.

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Diagenetic evolution of fault zones in Urgonian microporous carbonates, impact on reservoir properties (Provence – southeast France)

Solid Earth ◽

10.5194/se-11-1163-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1163-1186

Author(s):

Irène Aubert ◽

Philippe Léonide ◽

Juliette Lamarche ◽

Roland Salardon

Keyword(s):

Polarized Light ◽

Fault Zones ◽

Reservoir Properties ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Stable Isotopic ◽

Calcite Cementation ◽

Diagenetic Evolution ◽

The Impact ◽

Isotopic Measurements ◽

Δ13c And Δ18o

Abstract. Microporous carbonate rocks form important reservoirs with permeability variability depending on sedimentary, structural, and diagenetic factors. Carbonates are very sensitive to fluid–rock interactions that lead to secondary diagenetic processes like cementation and dissolution capable of modifying the reservoir properties. Focusing on fault-related diagenesis, the aim of this study is to identify the impact of the fault zone on reservoir quality. This contribution focuses on two fault zones east of La Fare anticline (SE France) crosscutting Urgonian microporous carbonates. Overall, 122 collected samples along four transects orthogonal to fault strike were analyzed. Porosity values have been measured on 92 dry plugs. Diagenetic elements were determined through the observation of 92 thin sections using polarized light microscopy, cathodoluminescence, carbonate staining, SEM, and stable isotopic measurements (δ13C and δ18O). Eight different calcite cementation stages and two micrite micro-fabrics were identified. As a main result, this study highlights that the two fault zones acted as drains canalizing low-temperature fluids at their onset and induced calcite cementation, which strongly altered and modified the local reservoir properties.

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Metasurface Spiral Focusing Generators with Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum Based on Slab Silicon Nitride Waveguide and Vanadium Dioxide (VO2)

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10091864 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1864

Author(s):

Li Chen ◽

Lin Zhao ◽

Yuan Hao ◽

Wenyi Liu ◽

Yi Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angular Momentum ◽

Orbital Angular Momentum ◽

Vanadium Dioxide ◽

Communication Systems ◽

High Speed ◽

Focal Length ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Optical Systems ◽

Gaussian Beams ◽

The Impact

The metasurface spiral focusing (MSF) generator has gained attention in high-speed optical communications due to its spatial orthogonality. However, previous MSF generators only can generate a single orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode for one polarized light. Here, a MSF generator with tunable OAM is proposed and it has the ability to transform linearly polarized light (LPL), circularly polarized light or Gaussian beams into vortex beams which can carry tunable OAM at near-infrared wavelength by controlling the phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2). Utilizing this MSF generator, the beams can be focused on several wavelength-sized rings with efficiency as high as 76%, 32% when VO2 are in the insulating phase and in the metallic phase, respectively. Moreover, we reveal the relationship between the reflective focal length and transmissive focal length, and the latter is 2.3 times of the former. We further demonstrate the impact of Gaussian beams with different waist sizes on MSF generators: the increase in waist size produces the enhancement in spiral focusing efficiency and the decrease in size of focal ring. The MSF generator we proposed will be applicable to a variety of integrated compact optical systems, such as optical communication systems and optical trapping systems.

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Recycled Polypropylene/SEBS Polyblends: Manufacture and Mechanical Property Evaluation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.53 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 457-458 ◽

pp. 53-56

Author(s):

Jia Horng Lin ◽

Zheng Yan Lin ◽

Jin Mao Chen ◽

Ching Wen Lou

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Strength Test ◽

Recycled Polypropylene ◽

Property Evaluation ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

The Impact ◽

Test Impact ◽

Spherulite Morphology

This study polystyrene-b-poly (ethylene-r-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) elastomer to modify recycled polypropylene (RPP). Tensile strength test, impact strength test, and a polarized light microscope are used to evaluate the mechanical properties and spherulite morphology of the resulting RPP/SEBS polyblends. The experiment results show that with an increase in SEBS, tensile strength of the polyblends decreases from 29 MPa to 13 MPa. With the distribution of SEBS in RPP, the spherulite size of RPP decreases, but the impact strength significantly increases.

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Liquid Lipids Act as Polymorphic Modifiers of Tristearin-Based Formulations Produced by Melting Technologies

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13071089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1089

Author(s):

Serena Bertoni ◽

Nadia Passerini ◽

Beatrice Albertini

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Oleate ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Polymorphic Form ◽

Slow Phase ◽

Isopropyl Myristate ◽

Manufacturing Method ◽

Hydrophilic Drug ◽

Interesting Approach ◽

Stability Issues ◽

The Impact

Despite the growing interest in lipid-based formulations, their polymorphism is still a challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. Understanding and controlling the polymorphic behavior of lipids is a key element for achieving the quality and preventing stability issues. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different oral-approved liquid lipids (LL) on the polymorphism, phase transitions and structure of solid lipid-based formulations and explore their influence on drug release. The LL investigated were isopropyl myristate, ethyl oleate, oleic acid, medium chain trigycerides, vitamin E acetate, glyceryl monooleate, lecithin and sorbitane monooleate. Spray-congealing was selected as an example of a melting-based solvent-free manufacturing method to produce microparticles (MPs) of tristearin (Dynasan®118). During the production process, tristearin MPs crystallized in the metastable α-form. Stability studied evidenced a slow phase transition to the stable β-polymorph overtime, with the presence of the α-form still detected after 60 days of storage at 25 °C. The addition of 10% w/w of LL promoted the transition of tristearin from the α-form to the stable β-form with a kinetic varying from few minutes to days, depending on the specific LL. The combination of various techniques (DSC, X-ray diffraction analysis, Hot-stage polarized light microscopy, SEM) showed that the addition of LL significantly modified the crystal structure of tristearin-based formulations at different length scales. Both the polymorphic form and the LL addition had a strong influence on the release behavior of a model hydrophilic drug (caffeine). Overall, the addition of LL can be considered an interesting approach to control triglyceride crystallization in the β-form. From the industrial viewpoint, this approach might be advantageous as any polymorphic change will be complete before storage, hence enabling the production of stable lipid formulations.

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Bone Diagenesis and its Implication for Disease Diagnosis: The Relevance of Bone Microstructure Analysis for the Study of Past Human Remains

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927615000768 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 805-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sandra Assis ◽

Anne Keenleyside ◽

Ana Luísa Santos ◽

Francisca Alves Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Bone Tissue ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Bone Microstructure ◽

Tissue Quality ◽

Histological Techniques ◽

Great Utility ◽

Realistic Assessment ◽

The Impact

AbstractWhen bone is exposed to the burial environment it may experience structural changes induced by multiple agents. The study of postmortem alterations is important to differentiate decomposition phenomena from normal physiological processes or pathological lesions, as well as to assess bone tissue quality. Microscopy is of great utility to evaluate the integrity of bone microstructure and it provides significant data on long-term bone decomposition. A total of 18 human bone sections (eight archeological and ten retrieved from an identified skeletal collection) were selected for analysis under plane light and polarized light. The aim of this exploratory study was to analyze the impact of diagenesis and taphonomy on the bone microstructure, as well as on the differential diagnosis of pathological conditions. The results showed that the microscopy approach to bone tissues contributed materially as an aid in the detailed description of the main diagenetic changes observed. It showed that gross inspection does not provide a realistic assessment of bone tissue preservation, which can impact in the characterization of lesions present and subsequent disease diagnosis. Therefore, researchers should continue to consider the application of histological techniques if the aim is to comprehend tissue integrity and its association with decomposition or disease.

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Impact of Fabrication and Operation Errors on Super-Focusing Performance of a Nanoslit-Based Metalens

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics ◽

10.1166/jno.2021.3057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1115-1119

Author(s):

Shun Zhou ◽

Yechuan Zhu ◽

Shaobo Ge ◽

Fei Xie ◽

Na Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transverse Electric ◽

Incidence Angle ◽

Incident Angle ◽

Incident Light ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Super Resolution ◽

Optical Manipulation ◽

Optical Components ◽

Operating Wavelength ◽

The Impact

Metasurfaces with optical manipulation at subwavelength resolution show promises for developing ultrathin and flat optical components, attracting great interest from the optical scientific community. In our recent work, a metalens has demonstrated a special capability of quasi-far-field super-resolution focusing, which comprised a metallic nanoslit array with the incidence of a transverse-electric (TE) polarized light. In this paper, in order to guide practical fabrication and operation of a device, we perform a study on the metalens to analyze the impact of many imperfections on the super-resolution focusing capability. We take fabrication and operation errors into account, including errors in nanoslit width, metal film thickness, operating wavelength, polarization and incident angle of incident light. Numerical results illustrate that the sensitivity of the metalens focusing performance to each error is different. To be specific, the focusing performance of the metalens is considerably susceptible to the error in the incidence angle. Therefore, we not only need to fabricate the metalens device precisely, but also need to ensure that the working conditions agree well with the design, so as to achieve the desired focusing performance. Our research offers a valuable guide for the realization of the super-resolution focusing technology in practice.

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The impact of algal fluorescence on the underwater polarized light field

10.1117/12.850927 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Tonizzo ◽

A. Ibrahim ◽

J. Zhou ◽

A. Gilerson ◽

B. Gross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Field ◽

Polarized Light ◽

The Impact

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