scholarly journals Liquid Lipids Act as Polymorphic Modifiers of Tristearin-Based Formulations Produced by Melting Technologies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Serena Bertoni ◽  
Nadia Passerini ◽  
Beatrice Albertini
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polymorphic Form ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Isopropyl Myristate ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Hydrophilic Drug ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Stability Issues ◽  
The Impact

Despite the growing interest in lipid-based formulations, their polymorphism is still a challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. Understanding and controlling the polymorphic behavior of lipids is a key element for achieving the quality and preventing stability issues. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different oral-approved liquid lipids (LL) on the polymorphism, phase transitions and structure of solid lipid-based formulations and explore their influence on drug release. The LL investigated were isopropyl myristate, ethyl oleate, oleic acid, medium chain trigycerides, vitamin E acetate, glyceryl monooleate, lecithin and sorbitane monooleate. Spray-congealing was selected as an example of a melting-based solvent-free manufacturing method to produce microparticles (MPs) of tristearin (Dynasan®118). During the production process, tristearin MPs crystallized in the metastable α-form. Stability studied evidenced a slow phase transition to the stable β-polymorph overtime, with the presence of the α-form still detected after 60 days of storage at 25 °C. The addition of 10% w/w of LL promoted the transition of tristearin from the α-form to the stable β-form with a kinetic varying from few minutes to days, depending on the specific LL. The combination of various techniques (DSC, X-ray diffraction analysis, Hot-stage polarized light microscopy, SEM) showed that the addition of LL significantly modified the crystal structure of tristearin-based formulations at different length scales. Both the polymorphic form and the LL addition had a strong influence on the release behavior of a model hydrophilic drug (caffeine). Overall, the addition of LL can be considered an interesting approach to control triglyceride crystallization in the β-form. From the industrial viewpoint, this approach might be advantageous as any polymorphic change will be complete before storage, hence enabling the production of stable lipid formulations.

Effect of magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) morphology on the crystallization, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene/MOS composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Dang ◽  
Xueying Nai ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zhihui Lv ◽  
Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Magnesium Oxysulfate ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Polypropylene (PP) composites containing magnesium oxysulfate particle (MOSp), magnesium oxysulfate whisker (MOSw), or magnesium oxysulfate sector (MOSs) were prepared via melt blending method. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that three magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) fillers all dispersed homogeneously in PP matrix and displayed vague and fuzzy interfaces. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) patterns showed that MOSp induced the most amount of β-PP, which was supported by polarized light microscopy (PLM) photographs. Moreover, PLM photographs also showed that the presence of MOSp, MOSw, or MOSw decreased the PP spherulites, especially for MOSp. As such, mechanical tests showed that incorporation of MOSp into PP matrix greatly improved the impact strength and least lowered the nominal strain at break. The yield strength and Young’s modulus of composites were greatly enhanced with MOSw. Two possible reasons for this phenomenon are rigidity of MOSw and microstructure of composites. Rheological properties were measured via small amplitude oscillatory shear. The results showed that PP melts containing MOSw exhibited significant yield stress and “shear-thinning” behaviors, which indicated the formation of MOSw network and the transition from “liquid-like” PP matrix to “solid-like” composites. The rheological results greatly proved the enhancement in tensile properties of MOSw-incorporated composites.

scholarly journals The impact of herbs and spices on the appreciation of low-salt legume-based dishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vannereux ◽  
Agnes Giboreau ◽  
Anestis Dougkas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Herbs And Spices

AbstractIntroductionDespite the well-documented health benefits of a dietary pattern higher in plant-based food such as legumes, their consumption remains low. Knowing that taste is the first factor in consumers’ food choice, flavoring of legumes using blends of herbs and spices (H&S) is an interesting approach to increase their consumption. This study examines the effect of H&S on the appreciation and energy intake of low salt legume-based dishes in a real context ecological environment.Materials and MethodsA 2-step pilot testing was designed to determine the most favorable recipe between 4 different blends of H&S. Firstly, 4 recipes were evaluated in a balanced order of presentation using different blends of legumes (chickpeas and lentils) and H&S by 115 participants (age 18–35) in an experimental restaurant. Overall liking was measured, followed by a preference-ranking test. Secondly, a perception assessment test was performed (n = 54) with the preferred recipe being divided into 4 variants higher (S) or lower in salt (LS) and H&S (S, LS, LSHS, SHS), according to a 2×2 factorial design (2-AFC test). In a randomized cross-over trial, 94 participants (age 18–35) attended 4 sessions 1 week apart and received the 4 variants as a mezze-type starter. Overall liking, food intake and appetite ratings (VAS) were assessed before and after the starter, main dish and dessert during lunch.ResultsParticipants significantly preferred the Spinach recipe compared with the Ginger, Paprika and Curcuma recipes and they could easily determine the different levels for salt and spices (t-test 5%). There were no significant differences in overall liking and taste between the different levels of salt and spiciness, although Principal Component Analysis showed 55% of the participants rating higher scores for the H&S recipes. Similarly, there were no differences in energy intake between S, LS, LSHS, SHS or total energy intake of the complete lunch. There was no difference in the ratings of hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption although fullness was significantly higher followed by the S compared with LSHS (P < 0.005).DiscussionOverall appreciation was similar after the addition of H&S in low-salt starter to the high-salt starters, implying that reducing salt content without compromising acceptance is a feasible strategy at an ecological setting. However, there was no difference in energy intake of the four variants and overall appetite ratings. Further analysis, on interindividual differences in terms of eating behavior and acceptance, seems prudent.

Impact response of a low-cost randomly oriented fiber foam core sandwich panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (25) ◽  
pp. 3429-3444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Buenrostro ◽  
Daniel Whisler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional fiber-reinforced foam cores may have improved mechanical properties under specific strain rates and fiber volumes. But its performance as a core in a composite sandwich structure has not been fully investigated. This study explored different manufacturing techniques for the three-dimensional fiber-reinforced foam core using existing literature as a guideline to provide a proof of concept for a low-cost and easily repeatable method comprised of readily available materials. The mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced foam were determined using a three-point bend test and compared to unreinforced polyurethane foam. The foam was then used in a sandwich panel and subjected to dynamic loading by means of a gas gun (103 s−1). High-strain impact tests validated previously published studies by showing, qualitatively and quantitatively, an 18–20% reduction in the maximum force experienced by the fiber-reinforced core and its ability to dissipate the impact force in the foam core sandwich panel. The results show potential for this cost-effective manufacturing method to produce an improved composite foam core sandwich panel for applications where high-velocity impacts are probable. This has the potential to reduce manufacturing and operating costs while improving performance.

scholarly journals Impact Toughness of FRTP Composites Produced by 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5654
Author(s):  
Milan Vaško ◽  
Milan Sága ◽  
Jaroslav Majko ◽  
Alan Vaško ◽  
Marián Handrik
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Research Area ◽  
New Production ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Continuous Fibre ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Impact

The additive manufacturing represents a new production method of composites reinforced with a continuous fibre. In recent times, the material produced by this new manufacturing method constituted a replacement for conventional materials—e.g., steel in many technical areas. As the research on FRTP composites is currently under way, the purpose of this article is to add information to the mosaic of studies in this research area. The scientific articles published until now have focused especially on mechanical testing, such as tensile and bending mechanical testing and their assessment. Therefore, the authors decided to carry out and assess the impact test of the FRTP composites produced by 3D printing because this area offers a large extent of research activities. We observed the influence of the reinforcement in the form of the micro-fibre carbon in the thermoplastic (Onyx) or a continuous reinforcement fibre in the lamina on the specimen’s behaviour during the impact load processes. The results of the experimental measurements show that the presence of a continuous fibre in the structure significantly affects the strength of the printed specimens; however, the design process of the printed object has to take into account the importance of selecting a suitable fibre type. The selection of a suitable strategy for arranging the fibre in the lamina and the direction of the impact load against the position of the fibre seem to be very important parameters.

scholarly journals CHOICE OF PROSTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF COMPLETE ANODONTIA IN MANDIBULAR ARCH ACCORDING TO THE PATIENT’S PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
B.L. Pelekhan ◽  
M.M. Rozhko ◽  
L.I. Pelekhan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Psychological Type ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
The Impact

About 30 – 60% of patients complain on malfunctioning removable laminar dentures whatever the manufacturing method was chosen. An alternative method to correct complete anodontia is the construction of fixed implant-retained prostheses. Plan of prosthetic treatment for individuals with complete anodontia is elaborated based on a number of factors including initial examination, analysis of clinical and additional laboratory findings, and choosing the optimal and accessible option for a patient. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the patient’s psychological type on selecting the treatment tactics to correct complete anodontia in the lower jaw and on the level of the patient’s motivation regarding the choice of the prosthetic restoration. Materials and methods. 45 patients with compete anodontia who required prosthodontic treatment were included into the study. The clinical examination was performed in 2 stages. The patient’s psychological type was determined according to the House classification (1950) during the primary clinical examination. The patients were distributed into the groups according to the data obtained. We evaluated the decisions on the proposed priority options of the treatment plan made by the patients of each groups. Results. Our study demonstrated 62.2% of the patients (28 people), who sought help at the prosthetic dentistry clinic, had clearly defined needs. An option of intraosseous dental implants placement and then fixed denture placement without extensive reconstructive interventions was chosen by 8 patients (66.7%) of the study group 1. The patients classified as exacting mind conduct themselves in conformity with the personality characteristics typical for this class in the process of elaborating the treatment plan. 88.9% of people classified as indifferent psychological type tended to choose the simplest and the least expensive treatment options. Conclusions: 1. A key character trait of the patients classified as philosophical minds is the credibility to dentists. Decision making on choosing the optimal option is only possible when patients are completely aware of possible risks and complications. 2. Adherence to a clear treatment plan according to the established requirements is a priority for the patients classified as exacting minds. 3. When making a decision on the treatment plan for the patients with an indifferent psychological type, it is necessary to ensure the patient’s ability to follow all recommendations and prescriptions. 4. When dealing with the patients with hysterical psychological type, the doctor-patient mutual understanding should be built up taking into account the emotional instability of the patients.

scholarly journals A Review on Manufacturing and Post-Processing Technology of Vascular Stents

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Wenxiang Zhao ◽  
Tianfeng Zhou ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Tianyang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Vascular Stents ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
The Impact

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation is one of the most effective treatments for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there are still many complications after stent implantation. As a medical device with a complex structure and small size, the manufacture and post-processing technology greatly impact the mechanical and medical performances of stents. In this paper, the development history, material, manufacturing method, and post-processing technology of vascular stents are introduced. In particular, this paper focuses on the existing manufacturing technology and post-processing technology of vascular stents and the impact of these technologies on stent performance is described and discussed. Moreover, the future development of vascular stent manufacturing technology will be prospected and proposed.

scholarly journals Studying the impact of different body positioning, squatting, and unipodal flexion on perfusion in the lower limb – an exploratory approach complemented with optical spectroscopy (TiVi)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sergio Nuno ◽  
Margarida Florindo ◽  
Henrique Silva ◽  
Luis Monteiro Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Lower Limb Movement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

Body posture and movement seem to be responsible for multiple variations of microcirculation in the foot, although difficulties associated with measurement during movement have limited their characterization. This pilot study sought to explore a new non-invasive instrument based on polarized light spectroscopy – the TiVi system, under orthostatic and dynamic conditions. Five healthy participants (duly informed, 26.0 ± 6.5 years of age) of both genders were selected. The protocol involved sequential posture changes (orthostatic variation) and dynamic movements (squatting and unipodal flexion). Perfusion variations were evaluated in both feet by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and polarized spectroscopy (TiVi). Both systems revealed the same type of modification of these flow-related variables. The most pronounced changes were obtained with exercise, especially with squatting, which caused a marked increase in foot perfusion. Less dramatic but in the same direction, the increased perfusion with unipodal flexion was also observed in the contralateral limb. This study confirmed the interest in using the TiVi system in these domains, as well as the appropriateness of this experimental design to look deeper into the impact of lower limb movement on the functional dynamics of the foot.

scholarly journals Chrysin-Loaded Microemulsion: Formulation Design, Evaluation and Antihyperalgesic Activity in Mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Ízola Morais de Medeiros Ramalho ◽  
Gabriela Suassuna Bezerra ◽  
Elissa Arantes Ostrosky ◽  
Márcio Ferrari ◽  
Verônica da Silva Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Isopropyl Myristate ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
Nociceptive Responses ◽  
Α Level

Chrysin is a bioactive flavonoid found in pollens, passion flowers, honey, royal jelly, and propolis, which is commonly used as an ingredient in natural food supplements and is primarily responsible for their pharmacological properties. A transparent chrysin-loaded microemulsion (CS-ME) prepared through a ternary phase diagram was evaluated for use as an antihyperalgesic formulation. It was formulated with 40% Labrasol® (surfactant), 5% isopropyl myristate (oil phase) and 55% water (aqueous phase) and classified as an oil-in-water (O/W) microsized system (74.4 ± 15.8 nm). Its negative Zeta potential (−16.1 ± 1.9 mV) was confirmed by polarized light microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro studies in Franz-type static diffusion cells showed that chrysin release from CS-ME followed zero-order kinetics. Oral administration of CS-ME in mice resulted in a statistically significantly reduction (p < 0.05) in carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia compared to the control group. Treatment with CS-ME also showed anti-inflammatory activity by significantly decreasing the TNF-α level (p < 0.01) and increasing that of IL-10 (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. These results suggest that the proposed microsystem is a promising vector for the release of chrysin, being able to improve its capacity to modulate inflammatory and nociceptive responses.

scholarly journals Geo-Environmental investigation of Sahure pyramid complex, Abusir Archeological site, Giza, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrhman Muhamed Fahmy Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Fatma Muhamed Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Western Side ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Archeological Site ◽  
Engineering Stability

Abstract Abusir is the name of an elaborate burial area, dotted with 19 pyramids other temples, stretching on the western side of the Nile from the south of the Giza Plateau to the northern rim of Saqqara. It seems to have been created as the resting site for the Pharaos dated from 2494 to 2345 BC. The name Abusir, originally spoken as Busiri, means” temple of Osiris”. Over time, the name has become so popular, that more than 60 villages now carry this name. But only one is the archaeological site. This paper does not refer to all of the Abusir archaeological area, but focuses one of its most important sites: Sahure pyramid, one of Egypt’s little known, but heavily damaged treasure. One of the highlights of the relevant research is the discovery of a piece of cement (Basaltic mortar/concrete), which consists of several materials and which is harder than any cement produced today and detection of a clear and significant Anorthite mineral (Plagioclase) in the mortar sample which had been proven by XRD, XRF (analysis) and Polarized light microscope (investigation). The main objectives of this paper are 1) to reveal and identify the construction materials of the pyramid and the construction of the pyramid,2) to evaluate the durability and vulnerability of the Ancient construction materials of Sahure pyramid,3) to compare the decayed patterns of the different construction materials, 4) to study the pyramid building materials from geological, meteorological, geochemical, petrological and petrophysical point of view, and 5) to present a proposal for scientific conservation and protection of the pyramid. Laboratories and field studies have been carried out by researchers from various countries to investigate and understand the problems of the pyramid leading to the final results which confirmed the impact of the geo environment conditions on the structural and engineering stability of the pyramid.

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