State-of-the-art examples for leading edge education in STEM disciplines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cristobal Torchia-Nunez ◽  
Jaime Gonzalo Cervantes-de-Gortari
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Stem Disciplines

Numerical Investigation of the Solidity Effect on Linear Compressor Cascades

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sans ◽  
M. Resmini ◽  
J.-F. Brouckaert ◽  
S. Hiernaux
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Minimum Loss ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
High Mach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Solidity in compressors is defined as the ratio of the aerodynamic chord over the peripheral distance between two adjacent blades, the pitch. This parameter is simply the inverse of the pitch-to-chord ratio generally used in turbines. Solidity must be selected at the earliest design phase, i.e. at the level of the meridional design and represents a crucial step in the whole design process. Most of the existing studies on this topic rely on low-speed compressor cascade correlations from Carter or Lieblein. The aim of this work is to update those correlations for state-of-the-art controlled diffusion blades, and extend their application to high Mach number flow regimes more typical of modern compressors. Another objective is also to improve the physical understanding of the solidity effect on compressor performance and stability. A numerical investigation has been performed using the commercial software FINE/Turbo. Two different blade profiles were selected and investigated in the compressible flow regime as an extension to the low-speed data on which the correlations are based. The first cascade uses a standard double circular arc profile, extensively referenced in the literature, while the second configuration uses a state-of-the-art CDB, representative of low pressure compressor stator mid-span profile. Both profiles have been designed with the same inlet and outlet metal angles and the same maximum thickness but the camber and thickness distributions, the stagger angle and the leading edge geometry of the CDB have been optimized. The determination of minimum loss, optimum incidence and deviation is addressed and compared with existing correlations for both configurations and various Mach numbers that have been selected in order to match typical booster stall and choke operating conditions. The emphasis is set on the minimum loss performance at mid-span. The impact of the solidity on the operating range and the stability of the cascade are also studied.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Cooling Technology for a Turbine Rotor Blade

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Town ◽  
Doug Straub ◽  
James Black ◽  
Karen Thole ◽  
Tom Shih
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
External Cooling

Effective internal and external cooling of airfoils is key to maintaining component life for efficient gas turbines. Cooling designs have spanned the range from simple internal convective channels to more advanced double-walls with shaped film-cooling holes. This paper describes the development of an internal and external cooling concept for a state-of-the-art cooled turbine blade. These cooling concepts are based on a review of literature and patents, as well as, interactions with academic and industry turbine cooling experts. The cooling configuration selected and described in this paper is referred to as the “baseline” design, since this design will simultaneously be tested with other more advanced blade cooling designs in a rotating turbine test facility using a “rainbow turbine wheel” configuration. For the baseline design, the leading edge is cooled by internal jet impingement and showerhead film cooling. The mid-chord region of the blade contains a three-pass serpentine passage with internal discrete V-shaped trip strips to enhance the internal heat transfer coefficient. The film cooling along the mid-chord of the blade uses multiple rows of shaped diffusion holes. The trailing edge is internally cooled using jet impingement and externally film cooled through partitioned cuts on the pressure side of the blade.

Managed aquifer recharge: state-of-the-art and opportunities

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Maliva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Aquifer Characterization ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Local Solutions

The performance of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems is highly dependent upon local hydrogeology, which controls the movement and mixing of stored water and fluid–rock interactions, which can impact recharged water quality. The leading edge of MAR technology is the integration of data obtained using conventional and advanced aquifer characterization technologies into groundwater models that have improved predictive capabilities. Borehole and surface geophysical technologies and geostatistical and stochastic modeling methods, in particular, offer opportunities for improved aquifer characterization and modeling. The objective is to develop more accurate groundwater models that can be used as site-screening tools to identify locations and aquifers that have the greatest potential for successful implementation of MAR and to evaluate various design and operational options to find optimal local solutions.

Advanced Middleware Architectural Aspects for Personalised Leading-Edge Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 94-117
Author(s):  
Nancy Alonistioti
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Autonomic Computing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Architectural Model ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Service Adaptation

This chapter introduces context-driven personalisation of service provision based on a middleware architectural approach. It describes the emerging environment on service provision, outlining the increasing requirements for personalisation as well as the state-of-the-art approaches in personalisation. A novel information space is presented to introduce the middleware architectures for personalisation in service provision. Technology enablers for context and knowledge management as well as service adaptation are also introduced, and an architectural model for the personalisation functionality is presented. The study also touches upon advanced concepts based on autonomic computing and communications to introduce future research directions.

Special Issue on High Performance Cutting and Related Manufacturing Technologies

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Tojiro Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Convention Center ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Conference Papers

The 4th CIRP International Conference on High Performance Cutting had been held at the Nagaragawa Convention Center in Gifu City of Japan in October 2010. The scope of the conference was to review and discuss the visions, state of the art and innovations in the area of high performance cutting and related manufacturing technologies. This conference is originated from the CIRP Working Group in High Performance Cutting established by Professor G. Byrne in 2001. After four workshops in Europe, the 1st international conference on HPC was held in Aachen in 2004 chaired by Professor Byrne and Professor F. Klocke. The second one was held in Vancouver under the chairmanship of Professor Y. Altintas and the 3rd one was organized by Professor Byrne and Dr. O’connell in Dublin. In this conference, 144 interesting papers were presented from 19 countries. The editorial committee of IJAT selected the excellent papers presented at the conference and requested the authors to contribute manuscripts in expanded version of conference papers. As a result, 25 papers were accepted for the publication. I believe that this special issue provides the readers valuable information at the leading edge of manufacturing technologies. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all of the authors and reviewers for their invaluable effort.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Cooling Technology for a Turbine Rotor Blade

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Town ◽  
Douglas Straub ◽  
James Black ◽  
Karen A. Thole ◽  
Tom I-P. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
External Cooling

Effective internal and external cooling of airfoils is key to maintaining component life for efficient gas turbines. Cooling designs have spanned the range from simple internal convective channels to more advanced double-walls with shaped film-cooling holes. This paper describes the development of an internal and external cooling concept for a state-of-the-art cooled turbine blade. These cooling concepts are based on a review of literature and patents, as well as, interactions with academic and industry turbine cooling experts. The cooling configuration selected and described in this paper is referred to as the “baseline” design, since this design will simultaneously be tested with other more advanced blade cooling designs in a rotating turbine test facility using a “rainbow turbine wheel” configuration. For the baseline design, the leading edge is cooled by internal jet impingement and showerhead film cooling. The midchord region of the blade contains a three-pass serpentine passage with internal discrete V-shaped trip strips to enhance the internal heat transfer coefficient (HTC). The film cooling along the midchord of the blade uses multiple rows of shaped diffusion holes. The trailing edge is internally cooled using jet impingement and externally film cooled through partitioned cuts on the pressure side of the blade.

Leading-Edge Vortices: Mechanics and Modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff D. Eldredge ◽  
Anya R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Streamwise Vorticity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
High Lift ◽  
Edge Vortex ◽  
Closure Conditions ◽  
Spanwise Flow

The leading-edge vortex (LEV) is known to produce transient high lift in a wide variety of circumstances. The underlying physics of LEV formation, growth, and shedding are explored for a set of canonical wing motions including wing translation, rotation, and pitching. A review of the literature reveals that, while there are many similarities in the LEV physics of these motions, the resulting force histories can be dramatically different. In two-dimensional motions (translation and pitch), the LEV sheds soon after its formation; lift drops as the LEV moves away from the wing. Wing rotation, in contrast, incites a spanwise flow that, through Coriolis tilting, balances the streamwise vorticity fluxes to produce an LEV that remains attached to much of the wing and thus sustains high lift. The state of the art of vortex-based modeling to capture both the flow field and corresponding forces of these motions is reviewed, including closure conditions at the leading edge and approaches for data-driven strategies.

scholarly journals Atropos: specific, sensitive, and speedy trimming of sequencing reads

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Didion ◽  
Marcel Martin ◽  
Francis S. Collins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Short Read Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Errors ◽  
Quality And Reliability ◽  
Broad Feature

A key step in the transformation of raw sequencing reads into biological insights is the trimming of adapter sequences and low-quality bases. Read trimming has been shown to increase the quality and reliability while decreasing the computational requirements of downstream analyses. Many read trimming software tools are available; however, no tool simultaneously provides the accuracy, computational efficiency, and feature set required to handle the types and volumes of data generated in modern sequencing-based experiments. Here we introduce Atropos and show that it trims reads with high sensitivity and specificity while maintaining leading-edge speed. Compared to other state-of-the-art read trimming tools, Atropos achieves significant increases in trimming accuracy while remaining competitive in execution times. Furthermore, Atropos maintains high accuracy even when trimming data with elevated rates of sequencing errors. The accuracy, high performance, and broad feature set offered by Atropos makes it an appropriate choice for the pre-processing of Illumina, ABI SOLiD, and other current-generation short-read sequencing datasets. Atropos is open source and free software written in Python (3.3+) and available at https://github.com/jdidion/atropos.

Supersonic and Transonic Compressors: Past, Status and Technology Trends

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus D. Broichhausen ◽  
Kai U. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
High Stage ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Very High ◽  
Technology Trends

Transonic compressors with high leading edge Mach numbers are today state of the art in gas turbine design. This holds true for both aero engines and stationary gas turbines. In the early days of highly loaded compressors, the development started from the ideas about supersonic compressors with very high stage pressure ratios. This historical development and the basic ideas are described. The contributions of H. E. Gallus to this development are specially referred to. On that basis, today’s transonic compressors with reduced loading have been developed. The characteristic physics and design features of recent compressors are discussed with respect to aerodynamics, performance, structure mechanics and production technology. This is also done in view of the ideas of the pioneers in this field. Future technology trends of these compressor types as well as new compressor types are presented in the last part of the paper.

scholarly journals Open Access publishing and scholarly communications in non-scientific disciplines

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Paul Eve
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stem Disciplines ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Scholarly Communications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the current state of debates surrounding Open Access (OA) in non-STEM disciplines. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a selective literature review and discussion methodology to give a representative summary of the state of the art. Findings – Non-STEM disciplines persistently lag behind scientific disciplines in their approach to OA, if the teleology towards open dissemination is accepted. This can be attributed to a variety of economic and cultural factors that centre on the problem of resource allocation with respect to quality. Originality/value – This paper will be of value to policymakers, funders, academics and publishers. The original aspect of the paper pertains to the identification of an anxiety of irrelevance in the humanities disciplines and a focus on “quality” in Open-Access publishing debates.

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