Optimization of Braking-Torque in Anti-lock Braking System using Perturb & Observe Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoopkumar Patil ◽  
Prabha Nissimagoudar ◽  
Abhishek Naik ◽  
Archana C. Lingadhal ◽  
Jairaj V. Mirashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Torque

Intelligent optimization of EV comfort based on a cooperative braking system

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110044
Author(s):  
Lingying Zhao ◽  
Min Ye ◽  
Xinxin Xu
Keyword(s):  
System Model ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Intelligent Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Logic Diagram ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
The Time Domain

To address the comfort of an electric vehicle, a coupling mechanism between mechanical friction braking and electric regenerative braking was studied. A cooperative braking system model was established, and comprehensive simulations and system optimizations were carried out. The performance of the cooperative braking system was analyzed. The distribution of the braking force was optimized by an intelligent method, and the distribution of a braking force logic diagram based on comfort was proposed. Using an intelligent algorithm, the braking force was distributed between the two braking systems and between the driving and driven axles. The experiment based on comfort was carried out. The results show that comfort after optimization is improved by 76.29% compared with that before optimization by comparing RMS value in the time domain. The reason is that the braking force distribution strategy based on the optimization takes into account the driver’s braking demand, the maximum braking torque of the motor, and the requirements of vehicle comfort, and makes full use of the braking torque of the motor. The error between simulation results and experimental results is 5.13%, which indicates that the braking force’s distribution strategy is feasible.

scholarly journals Plugging Braking of Two-PMSM Drive in Subway Applications with Fault -Tolerant Operation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adel Obed ◽  
Ali Abdulabbas ◽  
Ahmed Chasib
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Subway Train ◽  
Electric Traction

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is commonly used as traction motors in the electric traction applications such as in subway train. The subway train is better transport vehicle due to its advantages of security, economic, health and friendly with nature. Braking is defined as removal of the kinetic energy stored in moving parts of machine. The plugging braking is the best braking offered and has the shortest time to stop. The subway train is a heavy machine and has a very high moment of inertia requiring a high braking torque to stop. The plugging braking is an effective method to provide a fast stop to the train. In this paper plugging braking system of the PMSM used in the subway train in normal and fault-tolerant operation is made. The model of the PMSM, three-phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) controlled using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation technique (SVPWM), Field Oriented Control method (FOC) for independent control of two identical PMSMs and fault-tolerant operation is presented. Simulink model of the plugging braking system of PMSM in normal and fault tolerant operation is proposed using Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results for different cases are given.

scholarly journals Field-Oriented Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ming Liu ◽  
Chia-Hung Tu ◽  
Chun-Liang Lin ◽  
Van-Tsai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Stator Current ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Braking Control

Most electric vehicles use regenerative brakes, since this kind of braking system design recycles electromotive force to increase electric power endurance during braking. This research proposes a sensor-free, integrated driving and braking control system that uses a space-vector-pulse-width module to synthesize stator current by purpose. It calculates the rotor position angle of the motor by detecting variation in the stator current and completes a closed-loop control. When the motor receives a brake command, the controller changes the inverter-switching sequence to generate reverse torque and a magnetic field to complete the driving or braking function using field-oriented control (FOC). This provides a smoother and more accurate motor control than sinusoidal commands with Hall feedback. Compared to the regenerative brake and rheostatic brake, the proposed braking system has a powerful braking torque and shorter reaction time. Comparisons of reaction times for a modified four-wheel electric vehicle equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous motor under neutral-sliding-status, FOC based braking, and short-circuit braking were conducted.

Investigation on Eddy Current Braking Systems – A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Anantha Krishna ◽  
K.M. Sathish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Train Control ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
Transportation Applications

The changing magnetic field will induce eddy currents in the conductor. These currents will dissipate energy in the conductor and generate drag force. It is found that Aluminium is the best material as conductor compared to Copper and Zinc. Also, it is found that the larger thickness of disc, more number of turns of electromagnet and higher electrical conductivity of conductor influences the generation of greater braking torque. Conventional braking system relies on adhesion force between rail and wheel. It is found that a brake built up from permanent magnet pieces that combine both magnetic rail brake and eddy current brake permits the most profitable braking action through the whole range of acceptable speeds. Permanent magnet eddy current brake uses Neodymium - Iron - Boron (NdFeB) magnets. The analysis of permanent magnet eddy current shows that the parallel magnetised eddy current topology has the superior braking torque capability. In electrically controlled eddy current braking system subjected to time varying fields in different wave forms, the triangular wave field application resulted in highest braking torque. Electromagnetic brakes were found to interfere with the signalling and train control system. Permanent magnet eddy current brakes are a simple and reliable alternative to mechanical or electromagnetic brakes in transportation applications. Greater the speed greater is the eddy current braking efficiency. Hence, author intends to work on the development and investigation of permanent magnet eddy current braking system.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Sliding Mode Wheel Slip Ratio Control for Smart Vehicle Anti-Lock Braking System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong Sun ◽  
Xiangdang Xue ◽  
Ka Wai Eric Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Controller Design ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Rolling Friction ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
Braking Torque

With the development of in-wheel technology (IWT), the design of the electric vehicles (EV) is getting much improved. The anti-lock braking system (ABS), which is a safety benchmark for automotive braking, is particularly important. Installing the braking motor at each fixed position of the wheel improves the intelligent control of each wheel. The nonlinear ABS with robustness performance is highly needed during the vehicle’s braking. The anti-lock braking controller (CAB) designed in this paper considered the well-known adhesion force, the resistance force from air and the wheel rolling friction force, which bring the vehicle model closer to the real situation. A sliding mode wheel slip ratio controller (SMWSC) is proposed to yield anti-lock control of wheels with an adaptive sliding surface. The vehicle dynamics model is established and simulated with consideration of different initial braking velocities, different vehicle masses and different road conditions. By comparing the braking effects with various CAB parameters, including stop distance, braking torque and wheel slip ratio, the SMWSC proposed in this paper has superior fast convergence and stability characteristics. Moreover, this SMWSC also has an added road-detection module, which makes the proposed braking controller more intelligent. In addition, the important brain of this proposed ABS controller is the control algorithm, which can be used in all vehicles’ ABS controller design.

scholarly journals Cooperative Control of Regenerative Braking and Antilock Braking for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Yin ◽  
XianJian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Antilock Braking System ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Antilock Braking ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Braking Control

A new cooperative braking control strategy (CBCS) is proposed for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with both a regenerative braking system and an antilock braking system (ABS) to achieve improved braking performance and energy regeneration. The braking system of the vehicle is based on a new method of HEV braking torque distribution that makes the antilock braking system work together with the regenerative braking system harmoniously. In the cooperative braking control strategy, a sliding mode controller (SMC) for ABS is designed to maintain the wheel slip within an optimal range by adjusting the hydraulic braking torque continuously; to reduce the chattering in SMC, a boundary-layer method with moderate tuning of a saturation function is also investigated; based on the wheel slip ratio, battery state of charge (SOC), and the motor speed, a fuzzy logic control strategy (FLC) is applied to adjust the regenerative braking torque dynamically. In order to evaluate the performance of the cooperative braking control strategy, the braking system model of a hybrid electric vehicle is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is found from the simulation that the cooperative braking control strategy suggested in this paper provides satisfactory braking performance, passenger comfort, and high regenerative efficiency.

scholarly journals Torque Coordination Control of an Electro-Hydraulic Composite Brake System During Mode Switching Based on Braking Intention

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2031
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yundong He ◽  
Zhong Yang ◽  
Chunyun Fu ◽  
Zhipeng Cong
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Coordination Control ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Torque

The electro-hydraulic composite braking system of a pure electric vehicle can select different braking modes according to braking conditions. However, the differences in dynamic response characteristics between the motor braking system (MBS) and hydraulic braking system (HBS) cause total braking torque to fluctuate significantly during mode switching, resulting in jerking of the vehicle and affecting ride comfort. In this paper, torque coordination control during mode switching is studied for a four-wheel-drive pure electric vehicle with a dual motor. After the dynamic analysis of braking, a braking force distribution control strategy is developed based on the I-curve, and the boundary conditions of mode switching are determined. A novel combined pressure control algorithm, which contains a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) and fuzzy controller, is used to control the brake pressure of each wheel cylinder, to realize precise control of the hydraulic brake torque. Then, a novel torque coordination control strategy is proposed based on brake pedal stroke and its change rate, to modify the target hydraulic braking torque and reflect the driver’s braking intention. Meanwhile, motor braking torque is used to compensate for the insufficient braking torque caused by HBS, so as to realize a smooth transition between the braking modes. Simulation results show that the proposed coordination control strategy can effectively reduce torque fluctuation and vehicle jerk during mode switching.

Control Algorithm for Anti-Lock Braking System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devesh Sahu ◽  
Rishi Sharma ◽  
Devesh Bharti ◽  
Utkarsh Narain Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Stopping Time ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
And Control

Safer, controlled and efficient braking is the primary objective of Anti-lock Braking System wherein an efficient and robust braking system significantly enhances the vehicle performance during both straight line motion and cornering thus resulting in drastic reduction of stopping time and distance especially for a race car in long run. Hence clocking better lap times and a considerable reduction in wear of tires are an obvious outcome apart from the enhanced vehicle stability. This work on Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) prediction and control algorithm deals with technical paradigm for estimation of vehicle velocity using wheel angular velocity from wheel rpm sensors as the sole input and methodology to control the braking torque on each wheel so as to prevent loss of traction. The proposed algorithm is modeled using advanced simulating tools involving theoretical estimation of braking torque on each wheel. This is supposed to reduce tire skid with controlled wheel slip estimated using the tire data and the car vehicle dynamics with formula student vehicle as the subject. The work and hence the control algorithm can potentially be extended into a better traction control strategy with acceleration and yaw inputs from accelerometers and yaw sensors.

Design of Double-Disc Friction and Electromagnetic Hybrid Brake System of Passenger Car

2014 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren He ◽  
Xiao Dan Gu ◽  
Jun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Electromagnetic Brake ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Pad Wear ◽  
Friction Brake

The electromagnetic brake has already been acknowledged by users as one kind of contactless brake. In this paper, the basic principle and application of electromagnetic braking technology were briefly introduced first. Then the structure of the innovative hybrid brake with double disc was put forward. It employed an electromagnetic braking to reduce brake pad wear and braking system thermal recession. Based on the design requirements, the friction brake and the electromagnetic brake were designed respectively. Finally, in order to verify that whether the designed hybrid brake meets the design requirements, a bench test was carried out. The electromagnetic braking torque characteristic was tested. The results showed that the electromagnetic braking torque could approach 198N·m.Thus the design method is feasible..

Discuss of Unmanned Plane Braking Experiment Base on Eddy Current Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Cheng Zhi Su ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Yue Feng Song
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

In the process of unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) landing safely and quickly brake problem，Puts forward a uav electric eddy current braking method.The method through the eddy current and magnetic field interact to produce braking torque. According to the uav braking requirements, Design the uav electric eddy current brake simulation system. Test results show that: Based on the eddy current brake technology the average braking torque for 870N·m is greater than the “inner” type uav brake the average braking torque for 530N·m, Can meet the requirements of the uav braking system, So will the eddy current brake applied to unmanned aerial vehicle is feasible.

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