Toward more efficient scan data bandwidth utilization on modern SOCs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Dong ◽  
Grady Giles ◽  
GuoLiang Li ◽  
Jeff Rearick ◽  
John Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Scan Data

The Investigation of Fluorine Induced Novel Probe Marker Discoloration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. Hsieh ◽  
Henry Lin ◽  
Vincent Chen ◽  
Irene Ou ◽  
Y.S. Lou
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Automated Inspection ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Auger Analysis ◽  
Corrosion Film ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
One Year

Abstract This paper describes the investigation of donut-shaped probe marker discolorations found on Al bondpads. Based on SEM/EDS, TEM/EELS, and Auger analysis, the corrosion product is a combination of aluminum, fluorine, and oxygen, implying that the discolorations are due to the presence of fluorine. Highly accelerated stress tests simulating one year of storage in air resulted in no new or worsening discolorations in the affected chips. In order to identify the exact cause of the fluorine-induced corrosion, the authors developed an automated inspection system that scans an entire wafer, recording and quantifying image contrast and brightness variations associated with discolorations. Dark field TEM images reveal thickness variations of up to 5 nm in the corrosion film, and EELS line scan data show the corresponding compositional distributions. The findings indicate that fluorine-containing gases used in upstream processes leave residues behind that are driven in to the Al bondpads by probe-tip forces and activated by the electric field generated during CP testing. The knowledge acquired has proven helpful in managing the problem.

ICMA: AN EFFICIENT INTEGRATED CONGESTION CONTROL APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyab Khan ◽  
Karan Singh ◽  
Kamlesh C. Purohit
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Control ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Multicast Communication ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Communication Technique ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Multiparty Video Conferencing

Background: With the growing popularity of various group communication applications such as file transfer, multimedia events, distance learning, email distribution, multiparty video conferencing and teleconferencing, multicasting seems to be a useful tool for efficient multipoint data distribution. An efficient communication technique depends on the various parameters like processing speed, buffer storage, and amount of data flow between the nodes. If data exceeds beyond the capacity of a link or node, then it introduces congestion in the network. A series of multicast congestion control algorithms have been developed, but due to the heterogeneous network environment, these approaches do not respond nor reduce congestion quickly whenever network behavior changes. Objective: Multicasting is a robust and efficient one-to-many (1: M) group transmission (communication) technique to reduced communication cost, bandwidth consumption, processing time and delays with similar reliability (dependability) as of regular unicast. This patent presents a novel and comprehensive congestion control method known as integrated multicast congestion control approach (ICMA) to reduce packet loss. Methods: The proposed mechanism is based on leave-join and flow control mechanism along with proportional integrated and derivate (PID) controller to reduce packet loss, depending on the congestion status. In the proposed approach, Proportional integrated and derivate controller computes expected incoming rate at each router and feedback this rate to upstream routers of the multicast network to stabilize their local buffer occupancy. Results: Simulation results on NS-2 exhibit the immense performance of the proposed approach in terms of delay, throughput, bandwidth utilization, and packet loss than other existing methods. Conclusion: The proposed congestion control scheme provides better bandwidth utilization and throughput than other existing approaches. Moreover, we have discussed existing congestion control schemes with their research gaps. In the future, we are planning to explore the fairness and quality of service issue in multicast communication.

scholarly journals Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 5871-5883 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Melbourne ◽  
J. Griffin ◽  
D. N. Schmidt ◽  
E. J. Rayfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Coralline algae are important habitat formers found on all rocky shores. While the impact of future ocean acidification on the physiological performance of the species has been well studied, little research has focused on potential changes in structural integrity in response to climate change. A previous study using 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) suggested increased vulnerability to fracture (by wave action or boring) in algae grown under high CO2 conditions. To assess how realistically 2-D simplified models represent structural performance, a series of increasingly biologically accurate 3-D FE models that represent different aspects of coralline algal growth were developed. Simplified geometric 3-D models of the genus Lithothamnion were compared to models created from computed tomography (CT) scan data of the same genus. The biologically accurate model and the simplified geometric model representing individual cells had similar average stresses and stress distributions, emphasising the importance of the cell walls in dissipating the stress throughout the structure. In contrast models without the accurate representation of the cell geometry resulted in larger stress and strain results. Our more complex 3-D model reiterated the potential of climate change to diminish the structural integrity of the organism. This suggests that under future environmental conditions the weakening of the coralline algal skeleton along with increased external pressures (wave and bioerosion) may negatively influence the ability for coralline algae to maintain a habitat able to sustain high levels of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Fuzzy-Based Quality Adaptation Algorithm for Improving QoE from MPEG-DASH Video

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5270
Author(s):  
Waqas ur Rahman ◽  
Md Delowar Hossain ◽  
Eui-Nam Huh
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Adaptation Algorithm ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Quality Video ◽  
Video Player ◽  
High Quality Video ◽  
Abr Algorithm

Video clients employ HTTP-based adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithms to optimize users’ quality of experience (QoE). ABR algorithms adopt video quality based on the network conditions during playback. The existing state-of-the-art ABR algorithms ignore the fact that video streaming services deploy segment durations differently in different services, and HTTP clients offer distinct buffer sizes. The existing ABR algorithms use fixed control laws and are designed with predefined client/server settings. As a result, adaptation algorithms fail to achieve optimal performance across a variety of video client settings and QoE objectives. We propose a buffer- and segment-aware fuzzy-based ABR algorithm that selects video rates for future video segments based on segment duration and the client’s buffer size in addition to throughput and playback buffer level. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm guarantees high QoE across various video player settings and video content characteristics. The proposed algorithm efficiently utilizes bandwidth in order to download high-quality video segments and to guarantee high QoE. The results from our experiments reveal that the proposed adaptation algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms, providing improvements in average video rate, QoE, and bandwidth utilization, respectively, of 5% to 18%, about 13% to 30%, and up to 45%.

scholarly journals Development of a Prognostic Model to Predict Mortality after Traumatic Brain Injury in Intensive Care Setting in a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Mini Jayan ◽  
Dhaval Shukla ◽  
Bhagavatula Indira Devi ◽  
Dhananjaya I. Bhat ◽  
Subhas K. Konar
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Prognostic Model ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
Basal Cisterns

Abstract Objectives We aimed to develop a prognostic model for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) of our institute. Materials and Methods The clinical and computed tomography scan data of consecutive patients admitted after a diagnosis TBI in ICU were reviewed. Construction of the model was done by using all the variables of Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Injury and International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI models. The endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 243 patients with TBI were admitted to ICU during the study period. The in-hospital mortality was 15.3%. On multivariate analysis, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission, hypoxia, hypotension, and obliteration of the third ventricle/basal cisterns were significantly associated with mortality. Patients with hypoxia had eight times, with hypotensions 22 times, and with obliteration of the third ventricle/basal cisterns three times more chance of death. The TBI score was developed as a sum of individual points assigned as follows: GCS score 3 to 4 (+2 points), 5 to 12 (+1), hypoxia (+1), hypotension (+1), and obliteration third ventricle/basal cistern (+1). The mortality was 0% for a score of “0” and 85% for a score of “4.” Conclusion The outcome of patients treated in ICU was based on common admission variables. A simple clinical grading score allows risk stratification of patients with TBI admitted in ICU.

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