Towards a World Without Test Escapes: The Use of Volume Diagnosis to Improve Test Quality

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eichenberger ◽  
J. Geuzebroek ◽  
C. Hora ◽  
B. Kruseman ◽  
A. Majhi
Keyword(s):  
Test Quality ◽  
Test Escapes

scholarly journals Identifying the Optimal Subsets of Test Items through Adaptive Test for Cost Reduction of ICs

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Huaguo Liang ◽  
Jinlei Wan ◽  
Tai Song ◽  
Wangchao Hou
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Test Cost ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Adaptive Test ◽  
Test Escapes

With the growing complexity of integrated circuits (ICs), more and more test items are required in testing. However, the large number of invalid items (which narrowly pass the test) continues to increase the test time and, consequently, test costs. Aiming to address the problems of long test time and reduced test item efficiency, this paper presents a method which combines a fast correlation-based filter (FCBF) and a weighted naive Bayesian model which can identify the most effective items and make accurate quality predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces test time by around 2.59% and leads to fewer test escapes compared with the recently adopted test methods. The study shows that the proposed method can effectively reduce the test cost without jeopardizing test quality excessively.

scholarly journals Improving Quality of Manufacturing Test using Cell-Aware ATPG

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1055-1060
Author(s):  
Pampapathi Yanna ◽  
◽  
Dr. Nithin M ◽  
Jeetpal Singh Chhabra ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Test Pattern Generation ◽  
Fault Models ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Small Delay ◽  
Manufacturing Test ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Test Escapes

The existing fault models like stuck-at, small delay defect, transition, and bridge fault models and their associated patterns are becoming less efficient, as the technology moves to increasingly smaller geometries. It is because traditional defect models target the faults only on IC gate boundaries, and the interconnects between the cells, but a significant population of defects (perhaps up to 50%) occurs within the cells or gates which are not specifically targeted by existing ATPG fault models. In this paper, a new ATPG methodology known as the Cell-aware test is implemented explicitly to target the defects caused by cell-internal open and short faults and improve the manufacturing test quality by minimizing the test escapes. This work explains how a Cell-Aware ATPG method performs a characterization on the GDSII data of library cell`s to produce a CAT library view (UDFM), test Pattern generation, and comparison between Traditional and Cell-Aware ATPG. The Cell-Aware ATPG is implemented using Tessent Testkompress, traditional ATPG is also developed to study and analyze both ATPG methodologies comparatively. Experiment results show a significant improvement in faults being targeted at an expense of an increase in pattern count and run-time. Obtained 71.28% and 59.38% test coverage for UDFM static and UDFM delay respectively. Achieved significant improvement in the test escapes with Cell-Aware Patterns when compared to traditional ATPG patterns.

scholarly journals Who should be tested in a pandemic? Ethical considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Ove Hansson ◽  
Gert Helgesson ◽  
Niklas Juth
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Consumer Test

Abstract Background In the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, difficult decisions had to be made on the allocation of testing resources. Similar situations can arise in future pandemics. Therefore, careful consideration of who should be tested is an important part of pandemic preparedness. We focus on four ethical aspects of that problem: how to prioritize scarce testing resources, the regulation of commercial direct-to-consumer test services, testing of unauthorized immigrants, and obligatory testing. Main text The distribution of scarce resources for testing: We emphasize the use of needs-based criteria, but also acknowledge the importance of choosing a testing strategy that contributes efficiently to stopping the overall spread of the disease. Commercial direct-to-consumer test services: Except in cases of acute scarcity, such services will in practice have to be allowed. We propose that they should be subject to regulation that ensures test quality and adequate information to users. Testing of unauthorized immigrants, their children and other people with unclear legal status: Like everyone else, these individuals may be in need of testing, and it is in society’s interest to reach them with testing in order to stop the spread of the disease. A society that offers comprehensive medical services to unauthorized immigrants is in a much better position to reach them in a pandemic than a society that previously excluded them from healthcare. Obligatory testing: While there are often strong reasons for universal testing in residential areas or on workplaces, there are in most cases better ways to achieve testing coverage than to make testing mandatory. Conclusion In summary, we propose (1) decision-making primarily based on needs-based criteria, (2) strict regulation but not prohibition of direct-to-consumer test services, (3) test services offered to unauthorized immigrants, preferably as part of comprehensive medical services, and (4) broad outreach of testing services whenever possible, but in general not obligatory testing.

Design for Test and Diagnosis of Power Switches

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640013
Author(s):  
Miroslav Valka ◽  
Alberto Bosio ◽  
Luigi Dilillo ◽  
Patrick Girard ◽  
Arnaud Virazel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Industrial Test ◽  
Design For Test ◽  
Power Gating ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Efficient Test ◽  
Power Switches ◽  
Static Power

Power gating techniques have been adopted so far to reduce the static power consumption of integrated circuits (ICs). Power gating is usually implemented by means of several power switches (PSs). Manufacturing defects affecting PSs can lead to increase in the actual static power consumption and, in the worst case, they can completely isolate a functional block in the IC. Thus, efficient test and diagnosis solutions are needed. In this paper, we present a novel Design for Test and Diagnosis (DfTD) solution able to increase the test quality and diagnosis accuracy of PSs. The proposed approach has been validated through SPICE simulations on ITC’99 benchmark circuits as well as on industrial test cases.

scholarly journals Environment for the analysis of functional self-test quality in digital systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
R Ubar ◽  
S Kostin ◽  
H Kruus ◽  
M Aarna ◽  
S Devadze
Keyword(s):  
Digital Systems ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Self Test

scholarly journals The Impact of Increasing Prevalence, False Omissions, and Diagnostic Uncertainty on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Test Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Kost
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Context. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test performance depends on predictive values in settings of increasing disease prevalence. Geospatially distributed diagnostics with minimal uncertainty facilitate efficient point-of-need strategies. Objectives. To use original mathematics to interpret COVID-19 test metrics; assess Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorizations and Health Canada targets; compare predictive values for multiplex, antigen, polymerase chain reaction kit, point-of-care antibody, and home tests; enhance test performance; and improve decision-making. Design. PubMed/newsprint generated articles documenting prevalence. Mathematica and open access software helped perform recursive calculations, graph multivariate relationships, and visualize performance by comparing predictive value geometric mean-squared patterns. Results. Tiered sensitivity/specificity comprise: T1) 90%, 95%; T2) 95%, 97.5%; and T3) 100%, ≥99%. Tier 1 false negatives exceed true negatives at >90.5% prevalence; false positives exceeded true positives at <5.3% prevalence. High sensitivity/specificity tests reduce false negatives and false positives yielding superior predictive values. Recursive testing improves predictive values. Visual logistics facilitate test comparisons. Antigen test quality falls off as prevalence increases. Multiplex severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2)*Influenza A/B*Respiratory-Syncytial Virus (RSV) testing performs reasonably well compared to Tier 3. Tier 3 performance with a Tier 2 confidence band lower limit will generate excellent performance and reliability. Conclusions. The overriding principle is select the best combined performance and reliability pattern for the prevalence bracket. Some public health professionals recommend repetitive testing to compensate for low sensitivity. More logically, improved COVID-19 assays with less uncertainty conserve resources. Multiplex differentiation of COVID-19 from Influenza A/B-RSV represents an effective strategy if seasonal flu surges next year.

scholarly journals KUALITAS SOAL UJIAN SEKOLAH MATEMATIKA PROGRAM IPA DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP HASIL UJIAN NASIONAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
C. Heri Sulistiawan
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Examination Score ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Classic Test Theory ◽  
Science Major

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas soal Ujian Sekolah Matematika program IPA dan kontribusi skor Ujian Sekolah terhadap nilai Ujian Nasional. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif eksploratif dengan pendekatan survei. Populasi penelitian ini adalah enam SMA Swasta Yayasan Katolik di Kota Yogyakarta. Sampel adalah lima SMA yang representatif dalam menggambarkan ciri populasi. Naskah soal ditelaah tiga orang ahli untuk analisis kualitas soal secara kualitatif. Jawaban siswa dianalisis secara Teori Tes Klasik dan Teori Respons Butir untuk mengetahui kualitas soal secara kuantitatif. Skor Ujian Sekolah dikorelasikan terhadap nilai Ujian Nasional untuk mengukur kontribusinya. Hasil penelitian: (1) kualitas soal secara kualitatif adalah sangat baik (satu SMA), baik (dua SMA), cukup baik (satu SMA), dan kurang baik (satu SMA); (2) secara kuantitatif menurut Teori Tes Klasik adalah cukup baik (satu SMA), kurang baik (tiga SMA), dan tidak baik (satu SMA), dengan reliabilitas Alpha termasuk reliabel; (3) secara kuantitatif menurut Teori Respons Butir adalah baik (tiga SMA), cukup baik (satu SMA), dan kurang baik (satu SMA); (4) Indeks konsistensi analisis butir soal termasuk cukup konsisten; (5) korelasi skor Ujian Sekolah terhadap nilai Ujian Nasional termasuk kategori besar; (6) berdasarkan telaah validitas isi perangkat, lebih dari 90% soal valid dan skor Ujian Sekolah valid/akurat dalam memprediksi hasil Ujian Nasional.Kata kunci: kualitas soal, ujian sekolah, matematika, ujian nasional THE QUALITY OF MATHEMATICS SCHOOL EXAMINATION OF SCIENCE MAJOR AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESULT OF NATIONAL EXAMINATIONAbstractThe purpose of this research is to describe the quality of Mathematics School Examination of Science Major and the contribution of School Examination scores to the result of National Examination. This research is a descriptive explorative research with survey approach. The population in this research are six Senior High Schools in Yogyakarta. The samples are five representative senior high schools to describe the characteristics of the population. The test was analyzed by three experts to find out the test quality qualitatively. The students’ answer was analyzed with Classic Test Theory and Item Response Theory to find out the test quality quantitatively. The School Examination score was correlated with the National Examination score to measure their contribution. The research result: (1) the school exam quality is very good (one school), good (two schools), quite good (one school), and not so good (one school); (2) Quantitatively based on Classic Test Theory are quite good (one school), not so good (three schools), dan poor (one school), by Alpha reliability is reliable; (3) Quantitatively based on Item Response Theory are good (three schools), quite good (one school), and not so good (one school); (4) The test item index consistency are quite consistent; (5) The correlation of the School Examination scores with the result of National Examination is in large categories; (6) Based on content validity study, more than 90% items are valid and scores of School Examination is valid/accurate in predicting the result of the National Examination.Keywords: the test quality, school examination, mathematics, national examination

scholarly journals ESTRATEGIAS DE SENSIBILIZACIÓN Y ATENCIÓN PARA LA GENERACIÓN DE INTERÉS EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE LENGUA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Francisco Samuel Mendoza Moreira ◽  
Jacqueline Rosalfa Terranova Ruiz ◽  
Víctor Geovanny Zambrano Cedeño ◽  
María Manuela Macías Loor
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Intercultural Development ◽  
School Of Education ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
National Test

Abstract:SENSIBILATION AND ATTENTION STRATEGIES FOR THE INTERES GENERATIONIN THE LANGUAGE LEARNINGThe generation of learning processes in the Language Arts area is one of the challenges that high school teachers takes, to a generation that every day is losing interest for oral and written communication uses by the appearance of Telematics and virtues and benefits that provide in the transfer of information through channels such as internet and their tributaries. In this context of competing interests , the psycho pedagogy models offered contain in their elements a set of mental processes that explored from neuroscience are responsible for building cognitive schemes that result highly significant and lasting learning, to enable the bachelor exceed the test quality standards implemented by the National Institute for Educational Evaluation (INEVAL) and the National Test of higher Education (ENES) requirements to pass the intermediate level and join higher education respectively. The experience performed at the Center for Teaching Practice: Juan Montalvo High School of Education Faculty of University Eloy Alfaro of Manabi, begins in an exploration of the strategies used by teachers and evaluation of students response against these methodologies, which generated the key to try new practices that combine cooperative purposes to intercultural practices with specific strategies language learning idea.Keywords: Cooperative learning, cognitive strategies, communicative competence, intercultural development, meaningful learning.Resumen:La generación de procesos de aprendizajes en el área de Lengua y Literatura es uno de los retos que asumen los profesores de bachillerato ante una generación que cada día va perdiendo interés en el uso de la comunicación oral y escrita por la aparición de la telemática; las virtudes y ventajas que éstas brindan en la transferencia de información a través de canales más amplios como lo es el internet y sus afluentes. En este marco de competencia de intereses, los modelos psicopedagógicos ofertados a la pedagogía contienen entre sus elementos un conjunto de procesos mentales que explorados desde la neurociencia son los responsables de construir esquemas cognitivos que resultan en aprendizajes altamente significativos y duraderos, que le permitan al bachiller superar las pruebas de estándares de calidad implementadas por el Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa (INEVAL) y el Examen Nacional de Educación Superior (ENES), requisitos para aprobar el nivel medio e ingresar a la formación superior respectivamente. La experiencia realizada en el Centro de Práctica Docente: Colegio Juan Montalvo de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, inicia en una exploración de las estrategias utilizadas por los docentes y la evaluación de la respuesta de los estudiantes frente a estas metodologías, lo que generó la idea fundamental para intentar nuevas prácticas con fines cooperativos que combinen prácticas interculturales con estrategias propias del aprendizaje de la lengua.Palabras clave: Aprendizaje cooperativo, estrategias cognitivas, competencia comunicativa, desarrollo intercultural, aprendizaje significativo.

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