scholarly journals The Novel Coronavirus – A Snapshot of Current Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Brüssow
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas A. Rabi ◽  
Mazhar S. Al Zoubi ◽  
Ghena A. Kasasbeh ◽  
Dunia M. Salameh ◽  
Amjad D. Al-Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, a cluster of fatal pneumonia cases presented in Wuhan, China. They were caused by a previously unknown coronavirus. All patients had been associated with the Wuhan Wholefood market, where seafood and live animals are sold. The virus spread rapidly and public health authorities in China initiated a containment effort. However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. Based on clinical criteria and available serological and molecular information, the new disease was called coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the novel coronavirus was called SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emphasizing its close relationship to the 2002 SARS virus (SARS-CoV). The scientific community raced to uncover the origin of the virus, understand the pathogenesis of the disease, develop treatment options, define the risk factors, and work on vaccine development. Here we present a summary of current knowledge regarding the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2: Has the Interplay Started?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Bellucci ◽  
Virginia Rinaldi ◽  
Maria Chiara Buscarinu ◽  
Roberta Reniè ◽  
Rachele Bigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Current knowledge on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis encompasses complex interactions between the host’s genetic background and several environmental factors that result in dysimmunity against the central nervous system. An old-aged association exists between MS and viral infections, capable of triggering and sustaining neuroinflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. The novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has a remarkable, and still not fully understood, impact on the immune system: the occurrence and severity of both acute COVID-19 and post-infectious chronic illness (long COVID-19) largely depends on the host’s response to the infection, that echoes several aspects of MS pathobiology. Furthermore, other MS-associated viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), may enhance a mechanistic interplay with the novel Coronavirus, with the potential to interfere in MS natural history. Studies on COVID-19 in people with MS have helped clinicians in adjusting therapeutic strategies during the pandemic; similar efforts are being made for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns. In this Review, we look over 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from the perspective of MS: we dissect neuroinflammatory and demyelinating mechanisms associated with COVID-19, summarize pathophysiological crossroads between MS and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discuss present evidence on COVID-19 and its vaccination in people with MS.

COVID-19-Pandemie: Sicherheitsrichtlinien bei nicht-chirurgischen ästhetischen Eingriffen im Gesichtsbereich

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Andrea Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Virtual Meeting ◽  
Facial Plastic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Aesthetic Procedures

<b>Background:</b> The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to last for an extended time, making strict safety precautions for office procedures unavoidable. The lockdown is going to be lifted in many areas, and strict guidelines detailing the infection control measures for aesthetic clinics are going to be of particular importance. <b>Methods:</b> A virtual meeting was conducted with the members (n = 12) of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Focus Group to outline the safety protocol for the nonsurgical facial aesthetic procedures for aesthetic practices in order to protect the clinic staff and the patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data analysis was undertaken by thematic and iterative approach. <b>Results:</b> Consensus guidelines for nonsurgical facial aesthetic procedures based on current knowledge are provided for three levels: precautions before visiting the clinic, precautions during the clinic visit, and precautions after the clinic visit. <b>Conclusions:</b> Sound infection control measures are mandatory for nonsurgical aesthetic practices all around the world. These may vary from country to country, but this logical approach can be customized according to the respective country laws and guidelines.

scholarly journals COVID-19; Plague of the 21st Century; Situation Update

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Mirza Zain Baig ◽  
Zaitoon Zafar ◽  
Abeer Aziz ◽  
Umme Hani Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medical Infrastructure

The first known case of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus now known as SARS-CoV-2 occurred in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. In a matter of a few months, it has spread globally to infect more than 500, 000 people and has caused more than 20,000 deaths. It was officially declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization (WHO). To date, it has strained medical infrastructure, stagnated global economy and given rise to social stigma, fear, and racism. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of our current knowledge and understanding of this new disease.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Thrombosis Predisposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Renata Gerculy ◽  
Camelia Libenciuc ◽  
Nora Rat ◽  
Monica Chitu ◽  
Imre Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease first appeared in Wuhan (China) is an infectious disease spreading throughout the world, causing life-threatening conditions in vulnerable or even healthy individuals. The great impact of this virus on healthcare urges physicians to investigate all aspects of the disease in order to overcome its complications. A particularly investigated aspect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is represented by the coagulation disorders among infected and critically ill patients. Several studies observed modified blood coagulation parameters such as D-dimers, fibrinogen, and coagulation times. Moreover, the severe thrombotic complications, mainly pulmonary embolism, could be responsible for the high mortality and poorer outcomes of COVID-19 infected patients. The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge related to thrombosis predisposition in patients infected with the new coronavirus.

scholarly journals Endothelial Cell Contributions to COVID-19

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra E. Oxford ◽  
Fabio Halla ◽  
Evan B. Robertson ◽  
Brad E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Understanding of the clinical, histological and molecular features of the novel coronavirus 2019 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) has remained elusive. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by this virus has unusual clinical presentation with regard to other related coronaviruses. Recent reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2, unlike other related viruses, infects and replicates within endothelial cells, which may explain a significant portion of the observed clinical pathology. Likewise, mounting evidence associates vascular and endothelial cell dysfunction with increased mortality. This review focuses on understanding how endothelial cell pathology is caused by SARS-CoV-2 at the molecular and cellular levels and how these events relate to COVID-19. A detailed examination of current knowledge regarding canonical inflammatory reaction pathways as well as alteration of endothelial cell-derived exosomes and transdifferentiation by SARS-CoV-2 is included in this assessment. Additionally, given an understanding of endothelial contributions to COVID-19, potential therapeutic aims are discussed, particularly as would affect endothelial function and pathology.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: a review of current knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Pal ◽  
Ashok Kumar Ahirwar ◽  
Apurva Sakarde ◽  
Priyanka Asia ◽  
Niranjan Gopal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Complication ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

Abstract The uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic which originated in China created a global turmoil. While the world is still busy figuring out a cure for the deadly disease, scientists worked out on many theories and conducted several studies to establish a relationship between the infection and other known diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the major complications of this infection after the respiratory manifestations. Individuals with cardiovascular complication are said to be more susceptible to acquiring the infection because the novel coronavirus uses the ACE2 receptor for its entry inside the cell and there is a high level of ACE2 expression in individuals with cardiovascular complications because of the enzyme’s anti-hypertrophic, anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertensive effects on the heart. Individuals who belong to the older age group are also more susceptible. Knowing the above information, it might seem that using ACE2 inhibitors would help to slow or prevent the entry of the novel coronavirus but it would also at the same time prove to have deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system as the protective functions of ACE2 would be lost. While the search for a cure still continues it has been stated many a times that the conditions might worsen with time and the only way to keep ourselves and our family safe would be to follow the appropriate social distancing methods and get a COVID test if we experience any of the major symptoms.

Favipiravir in the Spotlight: In search of treatment against COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Nora de Souza ◽  
Victor Facchinetti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), sometimes referred to as the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is currently a worldwide threat to public health. According to the John Hopkins University monitor (available at, coronavirus.jhu.edu/map), there have been more than 10 million reported cases of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) and 500.000 deaths as of June 29, 2020, deeming urgent the identification of a drug candidate and treatment regimen. Objective: This work aims to compile the current knowledge available on this drug, including its background, approved us-es, some synthetic methods, the primary pharmacological aspects, the results against COVID-19 reported so far, and ongo-ing clinical trials against COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed relevant press releases, scientific articles, and official documents to compile information about Fav-ipiravir. Results: We highlight, in a clear and concise form, not only the published and ongoing clinical trials on the use of Favipi-ravir against COVID-19 but also compile some relevant synthetic and pharmacological information available about this drug. Conclusion: The Antiviral Favipiravir has shown interesting preliminary results, but it seems too early to recommend a treatment protocol for COVID-19 based on this drug. Robust clinical trials that will provide less biased data on its efficacy and safety are being pushed forward by FUJIFILM Corporation and by research groups around the globe.

scholarly journals Indoor versus outdoor transmission of SARS-COV-2: environmental factors in virus spread and underestimated sources of risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Senatore ◽  
Tiziano Zarra ◽  
Antonio Buonerba ◽  
Kwang-Ho Choo ◽  
Shadi W. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Outdoor Transmission ◽  
First Case ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Transmission Pathways

AbstractThe first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Europe was officially confirmed in February 2020. On 11 March 2020, after thousands of deaths from this disease had been reported worldwide, the WHO changed their classification of COVID-19 from a public health emergency of international concern to a pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been shown to be much more resistant to environmental degradation than other coated viruses. Several studies have shown that environmental conditions can influence its viability and infectivity. This review summarizes current knowledge on the transmission pathways of the novel coronavirus, and directs attention towards potentially underestimated factors that affect its propagation, notably indoor spread and outdoor risk sources. The contributions of significant indoor factors such as ventilation systems to the spread of this virus need to be carefully ascertained. Outdoor risk sources such as aerosolized particles emitted during wastewater treatment and particulate matter (PM), both of which may act as virus carriers, should be examined as well. This study shows the influence of certain underestimated factors on the environmental behavior and survival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These aspects of coronavirus propagation need to be accounted for when devising actions to limit not only the current pandemic but also future outbreaks. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Care recommendations for parturient and postpartum women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Alves Mascarenhas ◽  
Adriana Caroci-Becker ◽  
Kelly Cristina Máxima Pereira Venâncio ◽  
Nayara Girardi Baraldi ◽  
Adelaide Caroci Durkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Umbilical Cord Clamping ◽  
Water Births ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Skin To Skin

Objective to map the current knowledge on recommendations for labor, childbirth, and newborn (NB) care in the context of the novel coronavirus. Method scoping review of papers identified in databases, repositories, and reference lists of papers included in the study. Two researchers independently read the papers’ full texts, extracted and analyzed data, and synthesized content. Results 19 papers were included, the content of which was synthesized and organized into two conceptual categories: 1) Recommendations concerning childbirth with three subcategories – Indications to anticipate delivery, Route of delivery, and Preparation of the staff and birth room, and 2) Recommendations concerning postpartum care with four categories – Breastfeeding, NB care, Hospital discharge, and Care provided to NB at home. Conclusion prevent the transmission of the virus in the pregnancy-postpartum cycle, assess whether there is a need to interrupt pregnancies, decrease the circulation of people, avoid skin-to-skin contact and water births, prefer epidural over general anesthesia, keep mothers who tested positive or are symptomatic isolated from NB, and encourage breastfeeding. Future studies are needed to address directed pushing, instrumental delivery, delayed umbilical cord clamping, and bathing NB immediately after birth.

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