Favipiravir in the Spotlight: In search of treatment against COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Nora de Souza ◽  
Victor Facchinetti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), sometimes referred to as the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is currently a worldwide threat to public health. According to the John Hopkins University monitor (available at, coronavirus.jhu.edu/map), there have been more than 10 million reported cases of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) and 500.000 deaths as of June 29, 2020, deeming urgent the identification of a drug candidate and treatment regimen. Objective: This work aims to compile the current knowledge available on this drug, including its background, approved us-es, some synthetic methods, the primary pharmacological aspects, the results against COVID-19 reported so far, and ongo-ing clinical trials against COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed relevant press releases, scientific articles, and official documents to compile information about Fav-ipiravir. Results: We highlight, in a clear and concise form, not only the published and ongoing clinical trials on the use of Favipi-ravir against COVID-19 but also compile some relevant synthetic and pharmacological information available about this drug. Conclusion: The Antiviral Favipiravir has shown interesting preliminary results, but it seems too early to recommend a treatment protocol for COVID-19 based on this drug. Robust clinical trials that will provide less biased data on its efficacy and safety are being pushed forward by FUJIFILM Corporation and by research groups around the globe.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas A. Rabi ◽  
Mazhar S. Al Zoubi ◽  
Ghena A. Kasasbeh ◽  
Dunia M. Salameh ◽  
Amjad D. Al-Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, a cluster of fatal pneumonia cases presented in Wuhan, China. They were caused by a previously unknown coronavirus. All patients had been associated with the Wuhan Wholefood market, where seafood and live animals are sold. The virus spread rapidly and public health authorities in China initiated a containment effort. However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. Based on clinical criteria and available serological and molecular information, the new disease was called coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the novel coronavirus was called SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emphasizing its close relationship to the 2002 SARS virus (SARS-CoV). The scientific community raced to uncover the origin of the virus, understand the pathogenesis of the disease, develop treatment options, define the risk factors, and work on vaccine development. Here we present a summary of current knowledge regarding the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR TREATMENT OF COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 062-071
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gasser ◽  
Ricardo Andres Ramirez Uscategui
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Time Point

Since discovery of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December of 2019, this viral pneumonia originated in Wuhan, China quickly spread around the world. This new disease, called COVID-19 can cause Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response like sepsis, that leads to multiple organ failure and even death. Several pharmacotherapeutics alternatives are being tested over the world, looking for most diverse drugs that might be able to fight the infection. The objective of this paper is to review the main pharmacotherapeutics techniques development, as remdesivir, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir plus ritonavir, interferon-β, ivermectin, anticoagulants, convalescent plasma and vaccine, currently undergoing clinical trials in order to evaluate its effectiveness and safety to combat the COVID-19, presenting their characteristics, possible adverse effects and main scientific findings of its potential action. In conclusion, some therapies presented promising in-vitro results or in the treatment of some patients, nonetheless, multicentric blinded placebo controlled clinical trials are necessary to determine their effectiveness, safety, dosage, and best time point of treatment.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2: Has the Interplay Started?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Bellucci ◽  
Virginia Rinaldi ◽  
Maria Chiara Buscarinu ◽  
Roberta Reniè ◽  
Rachele Bigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Current knowledge on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis encompasses complex interactions between the host’s genetic background and several environmental factors that result in dysimmunity against the central nervous system. An old-aged association exists between MS and viral infections, capable of triggering and sustaining neuroinflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. The novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has a remarkable, and still not fully understood, impact on the immune system: the occurrence and severity of both acute COVID-19 and post-infectious chronic illness (long COVID-19) largely depends on the host’s response to the infection, that echoes several aspects of MS pathobiology. Furthermore, other MS-associated viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), may enhance a mechanistic interplay with the novel Coronavirus, with the potential to interfere in MS natural history. Studies on COVID-19 in people with MS have helped clinicians in adjusting therapeutic strategies during the pandemic; similar efforts are being made for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns. In this Review, we look over 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from the perspective of MS: we dissect neuroinflammatory and demyelinating mechanisms associated with COVID-19, summarize pathophysiological crossroads between MS and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discuss present evidence on COVID-19 and its vaccination in people with MS.

scholarly journals An overview of treatment options for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Madhusmita Mohanty Mohapatra ◽  
Manju Rajaram ◽  
Dharm Prakash Dwivedi ◽  
Vishnukant Govindraj ◽  
Pratap Upadhya
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Effective Drugs

Severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan initially as pneumonia of unknown origin in December 2019, later spread to whole world and became pandemic on 11th March, 2020. Many drugs have been proposed but are backed without clinical evidence. Scientific bodies are in the row to discover a reliable vaccine and effective drugs against the novel coronavirus. Many antiviral and anti-parasitic drugs which were thought to have some effect on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been tried during the crisis but none have shown concrete evidence of action. Randomized clinical trials on the repurposed drugs are now registered under clinical trial registry to look at the safety profile and efficacy of the drugs to be used against SARS-CoV-2. Many meta-analyses are being conducted worldwide to frame evidence for the fight against this novel coronavirus. We are providing below a review of various drugs that have been tried for treatment of COVID-19 as well as different clinical trials which are underway.

scholarly journals Therapeutic approaches to tackle COVID-19: An overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Princy Louis Palatty ◽  
Rosme David ◽  
Belinda Mangalath Philip ◽  
Clint Sunny ◽  
Mamatha J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: A series of an acute atypical respiratory disease occurred during December 2019 in Wuhan, China, that quickly metamorphosed as a pandemic, spreading across the globe, leaving more than 104,911,186 infected and more than 2,278,579 dead, in its wake within a year. This Novel Coronavirus, was also called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease was called Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). On 30 January 2020, The World Health Organisation (WHO) Director-General, declared the novel coronavirus outbreak, a public health emergency of international concern and flagged off WHO's highest level of alarm.: To elaborate the various drug therapies used in trials and vaccines available for COVID-19 across the globe.: We compiled the literature searches under a single heading and scrutinized over 154 articles, for extracting data on the various pharmacotherapeutic approaches available to treat COVID-19.: Despite wide and varied treatment guidelines being available, the cure or prevention is still elusive for COVID-19. The categoric efficacy of vaccines must be proved to tackle the fast-mutating coronavirus.: Current medical management is largely supportive with no targeted therapy available. Several drugs including lopinavir-ritonavir, remdesivir, antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, steroids, anticoagulants, and antidiabetic drugs like metformin have been tried in clinical trials. Vaccines targeting the three different components of SARS-CoV-2 viruses, in different phases of clinical trials world-wide, have been made available.

scholarly journals Controlling the cascade of corona

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneeba Azmat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The pandemic of the 2019 novel Coronavirus has seen unprecedented exponential growth. Within three months, 192 countries have been affected, crossing more than 1 million confirmed cases and over 60 thousand deaths until the first week of April. Decision making in such a pandemic becomes difficult due to limited data on the nature of the disease and its propagation, course, prevention, and treatment. The pandemic response has varied from country to country and has resulted in a heterogeneous timeline for novel Coronavirus propagation. We compared the public health measures taken by various countries and the potential impact on the spread. We studied 6 countries including China, Italy, South Korea, Singapore, United Kingdom(UK), United States(US), and the special administrative region of Hong Kong. All articles, press releases, and websites of government entities published over a five-month period were included. A comparison of the date of the first diagnosed case, the spread of disease, and time since the first case and major public health policy implemented for prevention and containment and current cases was done. An emphasis on early and aggressive border restriction and surveillance of travelers from infected areas, use of information technology, and social distancing is necessary for control of the novel pandemic. Moving forwards, improvement in infrastructure, and adequate preparedness for pandemics is required.

scholarly journals Are we there yet? Analyzing scientific research related to COVID-19 drug repurposing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namu Park ◽  
Hyeyoung Ryu ◽  
Ying Ding ◽  
Qi Yu ◽  
Yi Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inverse Document Frequency ◽  
Term Frequency ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Document Frequency ◽  
Explicit Consent ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Drug repurposing may be a pivotal means of fulfilling urgent needs for treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but current studies on drug repurposing for COVID-19 seem to show a lack of consensus in their drug candidate focus. Using bibliometric methods in a non-expert perspective, in a review of 34 published articles on the COVID-19 and drug-repurposing, we investigated obvious and less obvious points of consensus on drug candidates. To establish these two types of consensus, we first implemented document clustering. Within a set of five clustered papers, we established an obvious consensus, relying solely on the occurrence of entities by using term frequency and inverse document frequency and a comparison of mentioned drugs, finding that remdesivir and chloroquine were discussed with a certain degree of agreement. For the less obvious consensus, we created a drug entity co-occurrence network to establish low-high centrality combinations to probe the crucial drugs found in article clustering that are not plainly apparent through the mere counting of the occurrence of drug entities occurrences. Lopinavir emerged as having possibly potent effects in spite of underuse, while the mainstream of studies focus more on drugs such as chloroquine that enjoy explicit consent. Using an entitymetrics perspective, we expect that our research will support investigations of drug repurposing, expediting the process of establishing treatment for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Analysis of Vaccines to tackle COVID-19 with Patent Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divyansh Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Current Stage

As humans are spreading throughout the world, infectious diseases have been a constant companion such as Bubonic Plague (200 Million deaths), 17th Century Great Plague (3 Million deaths), Plague of Justinian (30-50 Million deaths), etc . Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) which was published on 11th January 2020 showing the intensity of Global research and development activity to develop a drug/vaccine against the disease. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Human to human transmission has created a pandemic situation across the world. Pharmaceutical companies play a crucial role in this scenario to provide Drugs/Vaccines/Therapies to treat and tackle the novel coronavirus disease of 2019. This paper consists of the Drugs and Vaccines which are developed, or in the process of development , their current stage of development (clinical trials) with their patent review.

Current Status on Treatments and Clinical Trials for COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guosheng Yin ◽  
Chenyang Zhang ◽  
Huaqing Jin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

UNSTRUCTURED With the worldwide rapidly growing number of patients infected with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the death toll has also been climbing up at a fast speed. There is an urgent need to search for cures for COVID-19 patients. A large number of clinical trials have been launched to test some existing or new antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. In contrast to starting from the scratch, many trials are initiated directly in phase II or III with the hope to expedite the developmental process. We summarize the information on the registered trials for the top ten COVID-19 drugs, and give an overview on the current situation and trend of treatments and clinical trials. In particular, we review those trials that have already been finished and discuss lessons that can be learned from them.

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