Effects of a rice diet and phytase addition on growth performance, tissue weights, phosphorus and nitrogen retention, and on liver threonine dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase activities in broiler chicks

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroya Fujimoto ◽  
Nozomi Fujita ◽  
Ryozo Takada
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Threonine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Rice Diet

scholarly journals Regulation of lipogenic capacity in lactating rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Grigor ◽  
A Geursen ◽  
M J Sneyd ◽  
S M Warren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Specific Activities

1. The rate of mammary-gland lipogenesis measured in vivo from 3H2O was suppressed after decreasing the milk demand by decreasing the number of pups from ten to two or three, as well as by giving diets containing lipid [Grigor & Warren (1980) Biochem. J. 188, 61-65]. 2. The specific activities of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ‘malic’ enzyme increased between 6- and 10-fold in the mammary gland and between 2- and 3-fold in the livers during the first 10 days of lactation. The increases in specific activity coupled with the doubling of liver mass which occurred during pregnancy and lactation resulted in considerable differences in total liver activities when compared with virgin animals. 3. Although consumption of a diet containing 20% peanut oil suppressed the activities of the three lipogenic enzymes in the livers, only the ‘malic’ enzyme was affected in the mammary glands. 4. In contrast, decreased milk demand did not affect the specific activities of any of the liver enzymes, whereas it resulted in suppression of all three lipogenic enzymes of the mammary glands. There was no effect on either the cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase or the lactate dehydrogenase of the mammary gland. 5. In all the experiments performed, the activity of the fatty acid synthase correlated with the amount of material precipitated by the rabbit antibody raised against rat fatty acid synthase.

scholarly journals Glucose stimulates transcription of fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme in avian hepatocytes

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. E493-E501 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bradley Hillgartner ◽  
Tina Charron
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in avian liver is low during starvation or feeding a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and high during feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. The role of glucose in the nutritional control of FAS and ME was investigated by determining the effects of this metabolic fuel on expression of FAS and ME in primary cultures of chick embryo hepatocytes. In the presence of triiodothyronine, glucose (25 mM) stimulated an increase in the activity and mRNA abundance of FAS and ME. These effects required the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate but not further metabolism downstream of the aldolase step of the glycolytic pathway. Xylitol mimicked the effects of glucose on FAS and ME expression, suggesting that an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway may be involved in mediating this response. The effects of glucose on the mRNA abundance of FAS and ME were accompanied by similar changes in transcription of FAS and ME. These data support the hypothesis that glucose plays a role in mediating the effects of nutritional manipulation on transcription of FAS and ME in liver.

scholarly journals Manganese influences the expression of fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme in cultured primary chicken hepatocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lu ◽  
Meiling Wang ◽  
Xiudong Liao ◽  
Liyang Zhang ◽  
Xugang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Manganese Chloride ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

AbstractTwo experiments were designed to investigate the effects of Mn source and concentration on the mRNA expression and enzymatic activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in cultured primary broiler hepatocytes. In Expt 1, primary broiler hepatocytes were treated with 0 (control), 0·25, 0·50 or 0·75 mmol/l of Mn as inorganic manganese chloride (MnCl2.4H2O) for 24 and 48 h. In Expt 2, primary broiler hepatocytes were incubated with 0 (control), 0·25 or 0·50 mmol/l of Mn as either manganese chloride or Mn–amino acid chelate for 48 h. The mRNA levels and activities of FAS and ME in the hepatocytes were measured in Expts 1 and 2. The results in Expt 1 showed that only at 48 h mRNA expression levels of FAS and ME in the hepatocytes decreased linearly (P<0·001) and quadratically (P<0·02) as supplemental Mn concentrations increased. In Expt 2, compared with the control, Mn supplementation reduced (P<0·01) the activities of FAS, mRNA expression levels of FAS and ME in the hepatocytes, and the efflux of lactic dehydrogenase to the medium. The supplemental Mn at 0·5 mmol/l showed a lower (P<0·03) ME mRNA expression level compared with the Mn group at 0·25 mmol/l. However, Mn source and the interaction between Mn source and concentration had no impacts (P>0·33) on any of the measured cellular parameters. The results suggested that Mn might reduce cell damage and regulate FAS and ME expression at a transcriptional level in primary cultured broiler hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Effect of Excessive or Restrictive Energy on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Finishing Ningxiang Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Fengming Chen ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Yaodong Wang ◽  
Jianhua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

This study investigated the effects of excessive or restrictive energy on growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, and related gene expression in finishing Ningxiang pigs. A total of 36 Ningxiang pigs (43.26 ± 3.21 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments (6 pens of 2 piglets per treatment) and fed by one of three dietary treatments until the pigs of each treatment weighed approximately 75 kg equally. The three treatments were control diet (digestible energy, DE:13.02 MJ/kg, CON), excessive energy diet (DE 15.22 MJ/kg, EE), and restrictive energy diet (DE 10.84 MJ/kg, RE). Results showed that EE improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.01), while nothing significantly changed by RE except FCR increasing (p < 0.01). EE increased the content of IMF and triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.05), L*24h and b*45min (p < 0.01), while decreasing cooking loss and meat tenderness in longissimus thoracis (LT) (p < 0.05). b*24h was significantly increased with the increase of energy level (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, EE increased the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fiber and the mRNA expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (FABP4) (p < 0.05). In addition, throughout: A diet supplemented with excessive energy promoted IMF deposition by positively changing lipogenic potential while decreasing tenderness by increasing glycolytic muscle fibers, which together affected meat quality. In terms of growth performance and meat quality, the present study suggests that the low-energy diet is suitable for finishing Ningxiang pigs.

The changes in growth performance and lipid metabolism of pigs with yellow fat induced by high dietary fish oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Qiuping Guo ◽  
Fengna Li ◽  
Chaoyue Wen ◽  
Lingyu Zhang ◽  
Yehui Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
High Fish

The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration in growth performance and lipid metabolism during the development of yellow fat in pigs. A total of 30 pigs (9.23 ± 0.21 kg) were assigned to three treatments: (1) low fish oil (LFO), basal diet + 2% fresh fish oil; (2) high fish oil (HFO), basal diet + 8% fresh fish oil; and (3) oxidized fish oil (OFO), basal diet + 8% OFO (peroxide value = 250 meqO2 kg−1). Pigs fed HFO and OFO diets showed yellow staining of fat and decreased growth performance, including average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and final body weight (P < 0.01). The oxidized lipid markers malondialdehyde, yellowness b* of backfat, perirenal fat, and abdominal fat were markedly increased in the pigs fed with HFO and OFO (P < 0.05). Furthermore, following HFO feeding, pigs showed significant decreases in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and mRNA expression levels of CCAAT-/enhancer-binding protein alpha, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase in backfat (P < 0.01). Overall, pigs with yellow-fat trait showed decreased growth performance and altered lipid metabolism by the high fish oil feeding.

scholarly journals Zinc, vanadate and selenate inhibit the tri-iodothyronine-induced expression of fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme in chick-embryo hepatocytes in culture

1994 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhu ◽  
A G Goodridge ◽  
S R Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Maximal Inhibition ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Insulin Signalling Pathway

Insulin regulates the expression of genes involved in a variety of metabolic processes. In chick-embryo hepatocytes in culture, insulin amplifies the tri-iodothyronine (T3)-induced enzyme activity, and the level and rate of transcription of mRNA for both fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME). Insulin alone, however, has little or no effect on the expression of these genes. In chick-embryo hepatocytes, the mechanism by which insulin regulates the expression of these or other genes is not known. Several recent studies have compared the effects of zinc, vanadate and selenate on insulin-sensitive processes in an attempt to probe the mechanism of insulin action. Because zinc, vanadate and selenate mimic the effects of insulin on several processes, they have been termed insulin-mimetics. We have studied the effect of zinc, vanadate and selenate on the T3-induced expression of both FAS and ME. Like insulin, these agents had little or no effect on the basal activities for FAS and ME in chick-embryo hepatocytes in culture for 48 h. Unlike insulin, however, zinc, vanadate and selenate inhibited the T3-induced activities and mRNA levels of both FAS and ME. Maximal inhibition was achieved at concentrations of 50 microM zinc or vanadate, or 20 microM selenate. Zinc and vanadate also inhibited the T3-induced transcription of the FAS and ME genes. Although the mechanism of this inhibition is unknown, our results indicate that it is not mediated through inhibition of binding of T3 to its nuclear receptor nor through a general toxic effect. Thus zinc, vanadate and selenate are not insulin-mimetics under all conditions, and their effects on other insulin-sensitive processes may be fortuitous and unrelated to actions or components of the insulin signalling pathway.

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