scholarly journals Orthostatic hypotension as a risk factor for longitudinal deterioration of cognitive function in the elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
M. Zimmermann ◽  
I. Wurster ◽  
S. Lerche ◽  
B. Roeben ◽  
G. Machetanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
The Elderly

Effect of Tianma Gouteng Decoction with Subtractive Ingredients and Its Active Constituents on Memory Acquisition

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 593-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Ching Ho ◽  
Yueh-Feng Ho ◽  
Tzung-Hsien Lai ◽  
Tsu-Hwie Liu ◽  
Shu-Yin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Memory Acquisition

Accumulating evidence indicates that the high blood pressure (BP) is a potent risk factor for dementia in the elderly. In line with this theory, we had found the mixture of Chinese herbs (TGD) which were traditionally used to treat hypertension, could enhance the cognitive function. The aim of this study was to decrease the number of herbs used from 11 (TGD) to 4 herbs (TGDS) and further to search the active constituents. After administering a dose of 10 g/kg of TGDS0 to ICR mice, no cholinergic symptoms of lacrimation, salivation, emesis, eyeclosure, increased respiration and fibrillation were observed. All the mice survived without any deaths after 24 hours and 7 days. No changes were observed in control and experimental groups on locomotor activity (no stimulant or sedative effects). It was also revealed that TGDS could prolong the step-through latency at the dose of 1.0 and 2.5 g/kg on passive avoidance tasks in mice. This result was the same as the previous study. The active constituents which enhanced the memory acquisition were discovered in the butanol layer and ethyl acetate layer after the extraction.

scholarly journals Association between Visceral Fat and Brain Structural Changes or Cognitive Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Naoki Ozato ◽  
Shinnichiro Saitou ◽  
Tohru Yamaguchi ◽  
Mitsuhiro Katashima ◽  
Mina Misawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation

Visceral fat accumulation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Visceral fat is a causal risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes, which was reported as one of the risk factors for dementia. Visceral fat areas (VFA) might be clinically important to prevent dementia; however, the association between VFA and cognitive function in the elderly remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between brain structural abnormalities using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and VFA, and the association between cognitive function and VFA, in the elderly. A total of 2364 healthy individuals were enrolled, and we excluded those diagnosed with dementia. Participants were divided into a high-VFA and a low-VFA group based on median VFA. The high-VFA group had significantly lower cognitive function than the low-VFA group (p = 0.025), after adjustment for related factors using a linear regression model. Regarding brain structure in MRI, VFA remained significantly associated with white matter lesions (odds ratio (OR), 1.90; 95% confidence interval (1.33–2.70); adjusted p < 0.001) and perivascular space (OR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval (1.02–1.61); adjusted p = 0.033). Further follow-up studies are needed, but reducing visceral fat might be important, not only to prevent cardiovascular disease but also to prevent dementia.

scholarly journals GANGGUAN PENGHIDU SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO PENURUNAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA PENDIDIKAN RENDAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuda Turana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Lower Education

OLFACTORY IMPAIRMENT AS A RISK FACTOR OF COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY WITH LOW EDUCATIONABSTRACTIntroduction: Olfactory function plays a role in cognitive decline. Olfactory disorders are known to predict faster cognitive decline and indicate nerve degeneration in the brain. Elderly people with lower assessment of olfactory function are associated with decreased memory function. While the elderly with low education are known to have a high risk of developing dementia. So far there has been no research on disorders of olfactory on cognitive function of elderly with low education.Aim: This study aimed to determine the role of olfactory function and other risk factors related to cognitive decline in the elderly with lower education.Method: A nested cohort study design was used in the fostered area of active age research (in the period 2015-2017) at North, West and Central Jakarta, in elderly with lower education. The cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE instrument. Subjects with a decrease of MMSE score more than 2 points compared to baseline were categorized as having cognitive decline. The olfactory assessment was tested using ten aromas that have been standardized, lipid profile, fasting glucose, and APOE were included.Results: There were 148 elderly subjects with lower education background, majority of the respondent was female 114 (77%) with mean of age 70.2±8.9 years old. Our study showed that 64 (43.2%) subjects had cognitive decline with a mean of decreased was -1.02±3.8 after a follow-up of 2 years, bivariate analyses showed smoking habit and olfactory impairment as a risk factor of cognitive decline (p<0.05; OR=3.1; OR=2.6). In multivariate analyses, subjects with olfactory impairment were 2,7 times more likely to have cognitive decline.Discussion: Olfactory disfunction is a risk factor for reduced cognitive function in the elderly with low education.Keywords: Cognitive, elderly, olfactoryABSTRAKPendahuluan: Fungsi penghidu berperan terhadap penurunan fungsi kognitif. Gangguan penghidu diketahui dapat memprediksi penurunan kognitif yang lebih cepat dan mengindikasikan degenerasi saraf di otak. Lansia dengan penilaian fungsi penghidu yang lebih rendah berkaitan dengan penurunan fungsi memori. Sementara lansia dengan pendidikan rendah diketahui mempunyai risiko tinggi terkena demensia. Sejauh ini belum ada penelitian tentang gangguan penghidu terhadap fungsi kognitif lansia berpendidikan rendah.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui peranan fungsi penghidu dan faktor risiko lainnya terhadap penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia pendidikan rendah.Metode: Penelitian dengan desain nested cohort di wilayah binaan active ageing research (periode 2015-2017) yaitu di Jakarta Utara, Jakarta Barat, dan Jakarta Pusat pada lansia dengan pendidikan rendah. Pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif dinilai dengan menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Subjek dengan penurunan skor MMSE lebih dari 2 poin dibandingkan baseline dikategorikan mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Subjek dilakukan penilaian fungsi penghidu menggunakan 10 aroma yang telah distandarisasi, pemeriksaan profil lipid, gula darah puasa, dan APOE.Hasil: Didapatkan 148 subjek lansia berpendidikan rendah yang mayoritas perempuan (77%) dengan rerata usia 70,2±8,9 tahun. Sebanyak 43,2% lansia mengalami penurunan skor MMSE dengan rerata penurunan sebesar -1,02±3,8 pada pemantauan selama 2 tahun. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan perilaku merokok dan gangguan olfaktori memiliki risiko terhadap penurunan fungsi kognitif (RO=3,1dan RO=2,6; p<0,05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan subjek dengan gangguan olfaktori memiliki risiko 2,7 kali untuk mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif.Diskusi: Gangguan olfaktori merupakan faktor risiko penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia berpendidikan rendah.Kata kunci: Fungsi penghidu, kognitif, lansia, kognitif, olfaktori

Arterial stiffness is a potential mechanism and promising indicator of orthostatic hypotension in the general population

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtao Meng ◽  
Si Wang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Shixi Wan ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Baroreceptor Sensitivity ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a disease prevalent among middle-aged men and the elderly. The association between arterial stiffness and OH is unclear. This study evaluates whether arterial stiffness is correlated with OH and tests the usefulness of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an arterial stiffness marker, with regard to identifying OH. Patients and methods: A sample of 1,010 participants was recruited from the general population (64.8 ± 7.7 years; 426 men) who attended health check-ups. BaPWV and the radial augmentation index (rAI) were both assessed as the arterial stiffness markers, and OH was determined using blood pressure (BP) measured in the supine position, as well as 30 seconds and 2 minutes after standing. Results: The prevalence of OH in this population was 4.9 %. Compared with the non-OH group, both baPWV (20.5 ± 4.5 vs 17.3 ± 3.7, p < 0.001) and rAI (88.1 ± 10.8 vs 84.2 ± 10.7, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the OH group. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, baPWV (OR, 1.3; 95 % CI, 1.106–1.528; p < 0.05) remained associated with OH. Moreover, the degree of orthostatic BP reduction was related to arterial stiffness. In addition, increases in arterial stiffness predicted decreases in the degree of heart rate (HR) elevation. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that baPWV was useful in discriminating OH (AUC, 0.721; p < 0.001), with the cut-off value of 18.58 m/s (sensitivity, 0.714; specificity, 0.686). Conclusions: Arterial stiffness determined via baPWV, rather than rAI, was significantly correlated with the attenuation of the orthostatic hemodynamic response and the resultant OH. The impaired baroreceptor sensitivity might be the mechanism. In addition, baPWV appears to be a relatively sensitive and reliable indicator of OH in routine clinical practice.

Effects of a Group Program to Increase Cognitive Performance Through Cognitively Stimulating Leisure Activities in Healthy Older Subjects

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Tesky ◽  
Christian Thiel ◽  
Winfried Banzer ◽  
Johannes Pantel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Older Subjects

To investigate the effects of leisure activities on cognitive performance of healthy older subjects, an innovative intervention program was developed. Frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities (i.e., reading, playing chess, or playing music) is associated with reduced risk of dementia. AKTIVA (active cognitive stimulation – prevention in the elderly) is an intervention program designed to enhance cognitive stimulation in everyday life by increasing cognitive stimulating leisure activities. The present study determines the effects of AKTIVA on cognitive function, mood and attitude toward aging in a sample of older participants from the general population. Several measurement instruments were used including the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), the Trail-Making Test (TMT), and the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q). Initially, the sample consisted of 307 older persons (170 female, 72 ± 7 years). The intervention was evaluated with a randomized, controlled pre-post follow-up design. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: AKTIVA intervention (n = 126), AKTIVA intervention plus nutrition and exercise counseling (n = 84), no-intervention control group (n = 97). The AKTIVA intervention consisted of 8 weekly sessions and two booster sessions after a break of 4 months. Participation in the group program resulted in positive effects on cognitive function and attitude toward aging for subassembly groups. Older persons (≥ 75 years) showed enhanced speed of information processing (by TMT Version A) (F = 4.17*, p < .05); younger participants (< 75 years) showed an improvement in subjective memory decline (by MAC-Q) (F = 2.55*, p < .05). Additionally, AKTIVA enhanced the frequency of activities for leisure activities for subassembly groups. The results of this study suggest that the AKTIVA program can be used to increase cognitively stimulating leisure activities in the elderly. Further research is necessary to identify the long-term effects of this intervention particularly with respect to the prevention of dementia.

Surgery in the elderly: is age a risk factor?

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
IW Crandon ◽  
H Harding ◽  
R Carpenter ◽  
JM Branday ◽  
DT Simeon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Surgery In The Elderly

HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF LANSIA DI PANTI WREDHA YAYASAN SOSIAL SALIB PUTIH SALATIGA

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Dennys Christovel Dese ◽  
Cahyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normal Cognitive Function ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Independent Variable

Peningkatan jumlah lansia setiap tahunnya harus dijadikan perhatian, akibat adanya peningkatan jumlah lansia masalah yang dihadapi akan menjadi semakin kompleks, salah satunya adalah masalah yang berkaitan dengan gejala penuaan. Menurunnya kapasitas intelektual berhubungan erat dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia. Aktivitas fisik diidentifikasi sebagai salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif. Aktivitas fisik bermanfaat untuk lansia sebagai pencegahan dan demensia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di yayasan sosial Panti Wredha Salib Putih Salatiga pada bulan Juni 2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia yang berumur ?60 tahun. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 16 responden. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas fisik yang dinilai dengan menggunakan instrument GPAQ. Sedangkan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah fungsi kognitif yang dinilai dengan instrument MMSE. Terdapat 4 orang (25%) yang masuk dalam kategori fungsi kognitif normal dengan kategori aktifitas fisik sedang 1 orang dan aktifitas berat 3 orang, kemudian yang termasuk dalam kategori gangguan fungsi kognitif ringan sebanyak 11 orang (68,75%), dengan kategori aktifitas fisik sedang 8 orang dan aktifitas ringan 3 orang. Sedangkan yang termasuk dalam kategori gangguan fungsi kognitif berat, terdapat 1 orang (6,25%) dengan kategori aktifitasnya ringan. Taraf signifikansi antar variabel tingkat aktifitas fisik dan fungsi kognitif pada lansia adalah p=0.007 atau p<0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada  hubungan antara tingkat aktifitas fisik dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia.   Increasing the number of elderly people every year should be a concern, due to an increase in the number of elderly problems faced will become increasingly complex, one of which is a problem related to the symptoms of aging. Decreased intellectual capacity is closely related to cognitive function in the elderly. Physical activity is identified as one of the factors that influence cognitive function. Physical activity is beneficial for the elderly as prevention and dementia. This study was an observational analytic study using a cross sectional approach. The study was conducted at the social foundation nursing home in the white cross in June 2018. The population in this study was elderly aged ≥60 years. The subjects in this study were 16 respondents. The independent variable in this study is physical activity that is assessed using the GPAQ instrument. While the dependent variable in this study was cognitive function which was assessed by the MMSE instrument. There are 4 people (25%) who fall into the category of normal cognitive function with moderate physical activity categories 1 person and heavy activities 3 people, then those included in the category of mild cognitive function disorders are 11 people (68.75%), with the category of physical activity being 8 people and 3 light activities. While those included in the category of severe cognitive function disorders, there is 1 person (6.25%) with a mild activity category. The significance level between the level of physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly is p = 0.007 or p <0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly.

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