Beneficial effects of three brown seaweed polysaccharides on gut microbiota and their structural characteristics: An overview

The gut microbiota shows a wide inter-individual variation, but its within-individual variation is relatively stable over time. A functional core microbiome, provided by abundant bacterial taxa, seems to be common to various human hosts regardless of their gender, geographic location, and age. With advancing chronological age, the gut microbiota becomes more diverse and variable. However, when measures of biological age are used with adjustment for chronological age, overall richness decreases, while a certain group of bacteria associated with frailty increases. This highlights the importance of considering biological or functional measures of aging. Studies using model organisms indicate that age-related gut dysbiosis may contribute to unhealthy aging and reduced longevity. The gut microbiome depends on the host nutrient signaling pathways for its beneficial effects on host health and lifespan, and gut dysbiosis disrupting the interdependence may diminish the beneficial effects or even have reverse effects. Gut dysbiosis can trigger the innate immune response and chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to many age-related degenerative pathologies and unhealthy aging. The gut microbiota communicates with the host through various biomolecules, nutrient signaling-independent pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms. Disturbance of these communications by age-related gut dysbiosis can affect the host health and lifespan. This may explain the impact of the gut microbiome on health and aging.

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The ameliorative effect of the Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) H. L. Li extract on intestinal barrier dysfunction through modulating glycolipid digestion and gut microbiota in high fat diet-fed rats

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo01599j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 6517-6532 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hang Xu ◽

Chunfang Zhao ◽

Yutian Li ◽

Ruiyu Liu ◽

Mingzhang Ao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

High Fat ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Ameliorative Effect

Pyracantha fortuneana fruit extract (PFE) exhibits beneficial effects on IBF in association with the modulation of glycolipid digestion and gut microbiota in HFD-fed obese rats.

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Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function during alleviation of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with Rhizoma Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extract

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01536a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 10839-10851

Author(s):

Zhi-jie Ma ◽

Huan-jun Wang ◽

Xiao-jing Ma ◽

Yue Li ◽

Hong-jun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Ginger extract showed beneficial effects on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the underlying mechanism might be associated with the recovery of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.

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Evaluation of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in the Bifidobacterium genus

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03137-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Mancabelli ◽

Walter Mancino ◽

Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽

Chiara Argentini ◽

Giulia Longhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Western World ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (AMC) is one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotic formulations in the Western world. Extensive oral use of this antimicrobial combination influences the gut microbiota. One of the most abundant early colonizers of the human gut microbiota is represented by different taxa of the Bifidobacterium genus, which include many members that are considered to bestow beneficial effects upon their host. In the current study, we investigated the impact of AMC administration on the gut microbiota composition, comparing the gut microbiota of 23 children that had undergone AMC antibiotic therapy to that of 19 children that had not been treated with antibiotics during the preceding six months. Moreover, we evaluated AMC sensitivity by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test of 261 bifidobacterial strains, including reference strains for the currently recognized 64 bifidobacterial (sub)species, as well as 197 bifidobacterial isolates of human origin. These assessments allowed the identification of four bifidobacterial strains, which exhibit a high level of AMC insensitivity, and which were subjected to genomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify the putative genetic determinants responsible for this AMC insensitivity. Furthermore, we investigated the ecological role of AMC-resistant bifidobacterial strains by in vitro batch-cultures. Importance Based on our results, we observed a drastic reduction in gut microbiota diversity of children treated with antibiotics, also affecting the abundance of Bifidobacterium, a bacterial genus commonly found in the infant gut. MIC experiments revealed that more than 98% of bifidobacterial strains tested were shown to be inhibited by the AMC antibiotic. Isolation of four insensitive strains and sequencing of their genome revealed the identity of possible genes involved in AMC resistance mechanisms. Moreover, gut-simulating in-vitro experiments revealed that one strain, i.e. B. breve PRL2020, is able to persist in the presence of a complex microbiota combined with AMC antibiotic.

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Spring mineral water-borne bacteria reshape gut microbiota profiles and confer health benefits

10.1101/433821 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

YP Chen ◽

LL Tan ◽

DM Chen ◽

Q Xu ◽

JP Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Chromosomal Dna ◽

Local Resident ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunctions ◽

Sulfate Reducing ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Gut Dysbiosis ◽

Live Bacteria ◽

Reducing Bacteria

BackgroundAlthough dietary patterns are recognized to affect health by interfering with gut microbiota homeostasis, whether live or dead bacteria-bearing spring mineral water (MW) would also exert beneficial effects on health upon curing gut dysbiosis remains unknown.ResultsDue to harboring live bacteria, the heated but unboiled MW from Bama, where centenarians are ubiquitously inhabited, reshapes the gut microbiota from a traveler-type to a local resident-type except for Prevotella. While chondroitin sulfate, a component occurring in livestock and poultry meats, increases the richness of sulfatase-secreting bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Bama MW dampens the overgrowth of those colon-thinning bacteria and hampers the overexpression of multiple genes responsible for anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-hypoxia, anti-mutagenesis, and anti-tumorigenesis.ConclusionsBama spring MW prevents the early-phase onset of breast cancer by curating gut dysbiosis. MW also compromises chromosomal DNA damage and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunctions, implying it may extend lifespan.

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Probiotics Fermentation Technology, a Novel Kefir Product, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/5525306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Nesrine S. El Sayed ◽

Esraa A. Kandil ◽

Mamdooh H. Ghoneum

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Neuronal Degeneration ◽

Amyloid Plaque ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Fermentation Technology

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment. Gut microbiota dysfunction (dysbiosis) is implicated in the pathology of AD and is associated with several detrimental consequences, including neurotransmitter depletion, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and insulin resistance, which all contribute to the onset of AD. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Probiotics Fermentation Technology (PFT), a kefir product, in alleviating AD symptoms via regulation of the gut microbiota using a streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced AD mouse model and to compare its activity with simvastatin, which has been proven to effectively treat AD. Mice received one intracerebroventricular injection of STZ (3 mg/kg). PFT (100, 300, 600 mg/kg) and simvastatin (20 mg/kg) were administered orally for 3 weeks. PFT supplementation mitigated STZ-induced neuronal degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus, restored hippocampal acetylcholine levels, and improved cognition in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were accompanied by reductions in oxidative damage, proinflammatory cytokine expression, apoptosis, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, PFT hindered amyloid plaque accumulation via the enhancement of insulin-degrading enzyme. These beneficial effects were comparable to those produced by simvastatin. The results suggest that PFT can alleviate AD symptoms by regulating the gut microbiota and by inhibiting AD-related pathological events.

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Gut microbiota mediated the protective effects of tuna oil on collagen-induced arthritis in mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00709b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chenyang Lu ◽

Ju Chen ◽

Congmin Yi ◽

Jiaojiao Han ◽

Qiuyue Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽

Tuna Oil ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Chronic Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis is emerging as a chronic autoimmune disease worldwide. In this study, the components of tuna oil (TO) were firstly measured, and the beneficial effects of TO on collagen-induced...

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