Genetic differentiation of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations in China, Nepal and south-east Asia: inferences on the region of domestication of the swamp buffalo

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
D. Vankan ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. S. F. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Swamp Buffalo

scholarly journals The decline of the wild water buffalo in north-east India

Oryx ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwaruddin Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East

The Asiatic wild buffalo Bubalus bubalis was widely distributed in the river systems of south and South East Asia, but habitat destruction, hunting and interbreeding with domestic water buffalo have resulted in only relict wild populations remaining. Unless protection measures are intensified, the species could disappear in India within a few decades.

scholarly journals The Cytogenetics of the Water Buffalo: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3109
Author(s):  
Alessandra Iannuzzi ◽  
Pietro Parma ◽  
Leopoldo Iannuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
World Population ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Swamp Buffalo

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), also known as the Asian buffalo, is an essential domestic bovid. Indeed, although its world population (~209 million heads) is approximately one-ninth that of cattle, the management of this species involves a larger human population than that involved with raising cattle. Compared with cattle, water buffalo have been understudied for many years, but interest in this species has been increasing, especially considering that the world population of these bovids grows every year—particularly that of the river buffalo. There are two genera of buffalo worldwide: the Syncerus (from the African continent), and the Bubalus (from the southwest Asian continent, Mediterranean area, southern America, and Australia). All species belonging to these two genera have specific chromosome numbers and shapes. Because of such features, the study of chromosomes is a fascinating biological basis for differentiating various species (and hybrids) of buffaloes and characterizing their karyotypes in evolutionary, clinical, and molecular studies. In this review, we report an update on essential cytogenetic studies in which various buffalo species were described from evolutionary, clinical, and molecular perspectives—particularly considering the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis 2n = 50). In addition, we show new data on swamp buffalo chromosomes.

scholarly journals The distribution of runs of homozygosity in the genome of river and swamp buffaloes reveals a history of adaptation, migration and crossbred events

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolo P. P. Macciotta ◽  
Licia Colli ◽  
Alberto Cesarani ◽  
Paolo Ajmone-Marsan ◽  
Wai Y. Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Runs Of Homozygosity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
Genomic Inbreeding

Abstract Background Water buffalo is one of the most important livestock species in the world. Two types of water buffalo exist: river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis bubalis) and swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabanensis). The buffalo genome has been recently sequenced, and thus a new 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) bead chip has been developed. In this study, we investigated the genomic population structure and the level of inbreeding of 185 river and 153 swamp buffaloes using runs of homozygosity (ROH). Analyses were carried out jointly and separately for the two buffalo types. Results The SNP bead chip detected in swamp about one-third of the SNPs identified in the river type. In total, 18,116 ROH were detected in the combined data set (17,784 SNPs), and 16,251 of these were unique. ROH were present in both buffalo types mostly detected (~ 59%) in swamp buffalo. The number of ROH per animal was larger and genomic inbreeding was higher in swamp than river buffalo. In the separated datasets (46,891 and 17,690 SNPs for river and swamp type, respectively), 19,760 and 10,581 ROH were found in river and swamp, respectively. The genes that map to the ROH islands are associated with the adaptation to the environment, fitness traits and reproduction. Conclusions Analysis of ROH features in the genome of the two water buffalo types allowed their genomic characterization and highlighted differences between buffalo types and between breeds. A large ROH island on chromosome 2 was shared between river and swamp buffaloes and contained genes that are involved in environmental adaptation and reproduction.

scholarly journals Bubalus bubalis: A Short Story

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino ◽  
Marco Zava ◽  
Domenico Vecchio ◽  
Antonio Borghese
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Swamp Buffalo

The domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), also known as water buffalo or Asian buffalo to prevent confusion with the American bison (Bison bison), wrongly named buffalo in North America, comprises two subspecies: the river buffalo (B. bubalis bubalis) and the swamp buffalo (B. bubalis kerebau). The swamp buffalo has a consistent phenotype and is considered as one type, even if many breeds are recognized within it; conversely, the river buffalo subspecies has many breeds. We found limited information available regarding the worldwide distribution of buffaloes. The best estimate is that 208,098,759 buffalo head are distributed in 77 countries in five continents. In this review, we presented the basic aspects of the water buffalo and unraveled the buffalo path followed from the origin of the species to its current global distribution. We reviewed several data sources to provide a better estimate of the world buffalo count and distribution.

Multiple domestication of swamp buffalo in China and South East Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Sun ◽  
Shaoqiang Wang ◽  
Vongprasith Chanthakhoun ◽  
Ruihua Dang ◽  
Yongzhen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Swamp Buffalo

scholarly journals The Influence of Time Equilibration to The Quality of The Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Cement After Thawing

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Dina Febriani ◽  
Hamdan Hamdan ◽  
Juli Melia
Keyword(s):  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
The Real ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
Artificial Vagina

This research aims to know the influence of the equilibration to the quality of the swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cement after thawing including: motility, and percentage of live spermatozoa. This research used the fresh cement from a 4 years old water buffalo was collected using an artificial vagina,and evaluation cement for macroscopic and microskopic to see if cement was worthy or not worthy to frozen. Good quality cement was diluted by adding Andromed, then semen were incorporated into the straw using the machine filling sealing followed by equilibrated with 3 treatment groups. Group I (n = 3 straw) with equilibration time of 3 hours, the Group II (n = 3 straw) with a time of equilibration was 5 hours, and group III (n = 3 straw) with equilibration a time of 7 hours. After equilibrated, straw frozen and stored in liquid N2 (BIBD Tuah Sakato procedures). The results show that the length of time the real equilibration effect (P 0.05) on the motility and percentage life of swamp buffalo spermatozoa. Equilibration 5 hours of time differs markedly with equilibration time 3 and 7 hours, motility, and percentage of live spermatozoa (44.15±1.70; 46.50±1.36 vs 14,55±1,58; 1.42±37.38 vs. 15.37±1.58; and 37.50±1.25). In conclusion, equilibration time is showed on the cement of swmp buffalo after 5 hours thawing.Key words: equilibration, swamp buffalo, thawing

CIScoSI Study [Children Immunization Status and cases of Systemic Illness]

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Total Coverage

To determine the immunization status of pediatric patients under age of 5 years visiting pediatric department of tertiary care hospitals in South East Asia. The aim of this study was to appreciate the awareness and implementation of vaccination in pediatric patients who came into pediatric outpatient Department with presenting complain other than routine vaccination. we can also know the count of patients who do not complete their vaccination after birth. we can differentiate between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients and incidence of severe disease in both groups. Immunization is a protective process which makes a person resistant to the harmful diseases prevailing in the community, typically by vaccine administration either orally or intravenously. It is proven for controlling and eliminating many threatening diseases from the community. WHO report that licensed vaccines are available for the prevention of many infectious diseases. After the implementation of effective immunization the rate of many infectious diseases have declined in many countries of the world. South-East Asia is far behind in the immunization coverage. An estimated total coverage is 56%-88% for a fully immunized child, which is variable between countries. Also the coverage is highest for BCG and lowest for Polio.

Maidstone's woodpecker – an unexpected bird specimen in the herbarium of Sir Hans Sloane

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Jarvis ◽  
Joanne H. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East India Company ◽  
South East Asia

It had long been believed that none of the bird, egg or nest specimens that had been in the collection of Sir Hans Sloane at his death in 1753 had survived. However, a specimen of a rhinoceros hornbill, originally in Sloane's hands, was discovered in the Natural History Museum's collections in London in 2003, and three more Sloane hornbill specimens have subsequently come to light. In addition, we report here a most unexpected discovery, that of the head of a woodpecker among the pages of one of Sloane's bound volumes of pressed plants. The context suggests that the head, like its associated plant specimens, was probably collected in south-east Asia about 1698–1699 by Nathanael Maidstone, an East India Company trader, the material reaching Sloane via William Courten after the latter's death in 1702. A detailed description of the head is provided, along with observations on its identity and possible provenance.

The Colonial Documentary Film in South and South-East Asia

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Understanding

Writing from a wide range of historical perspectives, contributors to the anthology shed new light on historical, theoretical and empirical issues pertaining to the documentary film, in order to better comprehend the significant transformations of the form in colonial, late colonial and immediate post-colonial and postcolonial times in South and South-East Asia. In doing so, this anthology addresses an important gap in the global understanding of documentary discourses, practices, uses and styles. Based upon in-depth essays written by international authorities in the field and cutting-edge doctoral projects, this anthology is the first to encompass different periods, national contexts, subject matter and style in order to address important and also relatively little-known issues in colonial documentary film in the South and South-East Asian regions. This anthology is divided into three main thematic sections, each of which crosses national or geographical boundaries. The first section addresses issues of colonialism, late colonialism and independence. The second section looks at the use of the documentary film by missionaries and Christian evangelists, whilst the third explores the relation between documentary film, nationalism and representation.

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