The role of lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis in membrane lipid metabolism of growing Staphylococcus aureus

1984 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Uwe KOCH ◽  
Renate HAAS ◽  
Werner FISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Lipoteichoic Acid from Staphylococcus aureus Induces Lung Endothelial Cell Barrier Dysfunction: Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e49209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Barton Pai ◽  
Heena Patel ◽  
Alexander J. Prokopienko ◽  
Hiba Alsaffar ◽  
Nancy Gertzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction

scholarly journals Multiple Roles of 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Lipid Metabolism, Antivirus Process, Inflammatory Response, and Cell Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qin Cao ◽  
Zhongzhong Liu ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Zibiao Zhong ◽  
Qifa Ye
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Radical Process ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

As an essential lipid, cholesterol is of great value in keeping cell homeostasis, being the precursor of bile acid and steroid hormones, and stabilizing membrane lipid rafts. As a kind of cholesterol metabolite produced by enzymatic or radical process, oxysterols have drawn much attention in the last decades. Among which, the role of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, antivirus process, and inflammatory response has been largely disclosed. This review is aimed at revealing these functions and underlying mechanisms of 25-HC.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of the Glycolipid Anchor in Lipoteichoic Acid of Staphylococcus aureus RN4220: Role of YpfP, the Diglucosyldiacylglycerol Synthase

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (11) ◽  
pp. 3506-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Y. Kiriukhin ◽  
Dmitri V. Debabov ◽  
Dean L. Shinabarger ◽  
Francis C. Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glycolipid Anchor ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Pleomorphic Cells

ABSTRACT In Staphylococcus aureus RN4220, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is anchored in the membrane by a diglucosyldiacylglycerol moiety. The gene (ypfP) which encodes diglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase was recently cloned from Bacillus subtilis and expressed in Escherichia coli (P. Jorasch, F. P. Wolter, U. Zahringer, and E. Heinz, Mol. Microbiol. 29:419–430, 1998). To define the role of ypfP in this strain of S. aureus, a fragment of ypfP truncated from both ends was cloned into the thermosensitive replicon pVE6007 and used to inactivate ypfP. Chloramphenicol-resistant (ypfP::cat) clones did not synthesize the glycolipids monoglucosyldiacylglycerol and diglucosyldiacylglycerol. Thus, YpfP would appear to be the only diglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase in S. aureus providing glycolipid for LTA assembly. In LTA from the mutant, the glycolipid anchor is replaced by diacylglycerol. Although the doubling time of the mutant was identical to that of the wild type in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, growth of the mutant in LB medium containing 1% glycine was not observed. This inhibition was antagonized by either l- or d-alanine. Moreover, viability of the mutant at 37°C in 0.05 M phosphate (pH 7.2)-saline for 12 h was reduced to <0.1%. Addition of 0.1% d-glucose to the phosphate-saline ensured viability under these conditions. The autolysis of the ypfP::cat mutant in the presence of 0.05% Triton X-100 was 1.8-fold faster than that of the parental strain. Electron microscopy of the mutant revealed not only a small increase in cell size but also the presence of pleomorphic cells. Each of these phenotypes may be correlated with either (or both) a deficiency of free glycolipid in the membrane or the replacement of the usual glycolipid anchor of LTA with diacylglycerol.

scholarly journals Salt-Induced Stress Stimulates a Lipoteichoic Acid-Specific Three-Component Glycosylation System inStaphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Kho ◽  
Timothy C. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Alternative Sigma Factor ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTLipoteichoic acid (LTA) inStaphylococcus aureusis a poly-glycerophosphate polymer anchored to the outer surface of the cell membrane. LTA has numerous roles in cell envelope physiology, including regulating cell autolysis, coordinating cell division, and adapting to environmental growth conditions. LTA is often further modified with substituents, includingd-alanine and glycosyl groups, to alter cellular function. While the genetic determinants ofd-alanylation have been largely defined, the route of LTA glycosylation and its role in cell envelope physiology have remained unknown, in part due to the low levels of basal LTA glycosylation inS. aureus. We demonstrate here thatS. aureusutilizes a membrane-associated three-component glycosylation system composed of an undecaprenol (Und)N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) charging enzyme (CsbB; SAOUHSC_00713), a putative flippase to transport loaded substrate to the outside surface of the cell (GtcA; SAOUHSC_02722), and finally an LTA-specific glycosyltransferase that adds α-GlcNAc moieties to LTA (YfhO; SAOUHSC_01213). We demonstrate that this system is specific for LTA with no cross recognition of the structurally similar polyribitol phosphate containing wall teichoic acids. We show that while wild-typeS. aureusLTA has only a trace of GlcNAcylated LTA under normal growth conditions, amounts are raised upon either overexpressing CsbB, reducing endogenousd-alanylation activity, expressing the cell envelope stress responsive alternative sigma factor SigB, or by exposure to environmental stress-inducing culture conditions, including growth media containing high levels of sodium chloride.IMPORTANCEThe role of glycosylation in the structure and function ofStaphylococcus aureuslipoteichoic acid (LTA) is largely unknown. By defining key components of the LTA three-component glycosylation pathway and uncovering stress-induced regulation by the alternative sigma factor SigB, the role ofN-acetylglucosamine tailoring during adaptation to environmental stresses can now be elucidated. As thedltand glycosylation pathways compete for the same sites on LTA and induction of glycosylation results in decreasedd-alanylation, the interplay between the two modification systems holds implications for resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bactericidal Activities of Daptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis Are Not Mediated by Inhibition of Lipoteichoic Acid Biosynthesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2682-2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Laganas ◽  
Jeffrey Alder ◽  
Jared A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Enterococcus Hirae ◽  
Macromolecular Synthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis inhibition is the mechanism of action of daptomycin. In this investigation, daptomycin inhibited all macromolecular synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus hirae without kinetic or dose specificity for lipoteichoic acid. Daptomycin remained bactericidal in the absence of ongoing lipoteichoic acid synthesis. Inhibition of lipoteichoic acid synthesis is apparently not the mechanism of action of daptomycin in these pathogens.

scholarly journals The cell envelope of Staphylococcus aureus selectively controls the sorting of virulence factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Zheng ◽  
Gerben Marsman ◽  
Keenan A. Lacey ◽  
Jessica R. Chapman ◽  
Christian Goosmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Extracellular Milieu

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus bi-component pore-forming leukocidins are secreted toxins that directly target and lyse immune cells. Intriguingly, one of the leukocidins, Leukocidin AB (LukAB), is found associated with the bacterial cell envelope in addition to secreted into the extracellular milieu. Here, we report that retention of LukAB on the bacterial cells provides S. aureus with a pre-synthesized active toxin that kills immune cells. On the bacteria, LukAB is distributed as discrete foci in two distinct compartments: membrane-proximal and surface-exposed. Through genetic screens, we show that a membrane lipid, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (LPG), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) contribute to LukAB deposition and release. Furthermore, by studying non-covalently surface-bound proteins we discovered that the sorting of additional exoproteins, such as IsaB, Hel, ScaH, and Geh, are also controlled by LPG and LTA. Collectively, our study reveals a multistep secretion system that controls exoprotein storage and protein translocation across the S. aureus cell wall.

Antibacterial Small Molecules That Potently Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Biosynthesis

ChemMedChem ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1000-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Naclerio ◽  
Caroline W. Karanja ◽  
Clement Opoku‐Temeng ◽  
Herman O. Sintim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

The role of melatonin in alleviating the postharvest browning of lotus seeds through energy metabolism and membrane lipid metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 111243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufen Luo ◽  
Huali Hu ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Hongsheng Zhou ◽  
Yingtong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Membrane Lipid

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism and Microbial Profiles Between Shaziling and Yorkshire Pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ma ◽  
Yehui Duan ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liang ◽  
Tiejun Li ◽  
Xingguo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Indigenous Breed ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Microbial Development ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Background: Shaziling pig, a Chinese indigenous breed, has been classified as a fatty pig model, while the lipid metabolism and gut microbial development in Shaziling pigs were rarely reported. Methods: Here, we compared the metabolic and microbial profiles at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210, and 300 days of age between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. Results: Predictably, there were marked difference in the liver lipids (i.e., cholesterol, glucose, and low density lipoprotein) and the expressions (i.e., SREBP1/2, LXRα/β, DGAT1/2, and FABP1-3) between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. Bacteria in the ileal digesta and mucosa were further analyzed, and the results showed that Shaziling pigs had a higher α-diversity and the abundances of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus_johnosonii, Lactobacillus_amylovorus, and Clostridium_butyricum. 35 differentiated metabolites were identified in the mucosa between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs, which were enriched in the carbohydrate, protein, glucose and amino acid metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, 7 differentiated microbial species were markedly correlated with 35 metabolites, indicating the role of gut microbiota in host metabolism. Conclusions: In conclusion, Shaziling pigs exhibited different metabolic and microbial profiles compared with the Yorkshire pigs, which might contribute to the diverse metabolic phenotypes.

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