Global Standardization of Organizational Forms and Management Practices? What New Institutionalism and the Business-Systems Approach Can Learn from Each Other

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Tempel ◽  
Peter Walgenbach
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Global Standardization

L'istituzionalizzazione di nuove forme organizzative - dalle organizzazioni alle reti d'azione

2012 ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Francesco Miele
Keyword(s):  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
Organizational Networks ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
London School ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Main Current ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
London School Of Economics

In the last years, organizational studies have developed a growing interest about institutionalization processes of new organizational forms, in order to understand the ways trough which innovative organizations, inter-organizational networks or organizing processes become stable and legitimized. The aim of this paper is to underline the potentialities of the action-nets approach (Czarniawska, 2004) in the study of institutionalization processes of innovative organizing forms. Firstly, the article focuses on the concept of action-nets, reporting two studies (Odds, 2005; Czarniawska, 2009) which have reconstructed the institutionalization processes of the same organizational form: The London School of Economics. Secondly, it underlines the innovations brought by action-nets approach in front of new institutionalism, the main current of studies that has contributed to understand the institutionalization's dynamics of new organizational forms. Finally, it concerns the development perspectives of action-nets, suggesting some useful directions to refine the theoretical and conceptual tools of this approach.

scholarly journals Network organizations: The structural arrangement behind new organizational forms

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
José L. Alvarez ◽  
M. Anton Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Concept Network

This article elaborates the main meanings of the concept 'network organization' and the underlying structural arrangement behind most of the new organizational forms and the main alternative to the still dominant bureaucratic organizational structure. The concept is applied to four levels of analysis: macro economic and business systems; inter-organizational collaborative arrangements; intra-organizational structures; and informal intra-organizational social systems. Through this taxonomy, an attempt is made to disentangle the different meanings of the concept 'network organization'. Throughout, we seek to highlight the main variables that managers should take into account when making decisions and conducting operations in networks. The article commences with a brief historical overview of the evolution of organizational forms and the driving forces behind current development in the field.

Systems Approach to Evaluate Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Management Practices in Virginia and North Carolina Cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2223-2234
Author(s):  
Seth J Dorman ◽  
Dominic D Reisig ◽  
Sean Malone ◽  
Sally V Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Economically damaging infestations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), tarnished plant bug, were sporadic in Virginia and North Carolina cotton before 2010. Given the sudden rise of L. lineolaris as an economic pest in these states, regionally specific management practices (i.e., chemical and cultural control) are needed to help producers protect yield potential while minimizing input costs. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina in 2018 and 2019 to 1) determine the effects of various management practices on L. lineolaris density, plant injury (i.e., square retention, internal boll injury), and lint yield, 2) calculate the economic trade-offs between integrated pest management (IPM) systems approach and current management practices for L. lineolaris in these states, and 3) evaluate economic benefits associated with various sampling thresholds. Lygus lineolaris populations peaked mid-season (i.e., August) during cotton flowering in both states. Weekly scouting and applying foliar insecticides when the current University Extension recommended economic threshold was reached was the most critical management treatment in maximizing economic returns. Additional costs among various IPM practices did not translate into significant yield protection and economic gains. Moreover, there were additional economic benefits associated with protecting glabrous and longer maturing varieties in Virginia. Lygus lineolaris density varied significantly between states; therefore, management recommendations should be modified based on the growing region. Results from this study will be used to create an IPM strategy to help cotton producers effectively manage this insect pest in the Southeast.

Capitalisms: A Global System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Deeg
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Global System ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
Epochal Change

The global political economy is a multilevel system of economic activities and regulation in which the domestic level continues to predominate—in other words, it is a global system comprising national capitalist economies. Nations differ in terms of the regulations and institutions that govern economic activity, an observation that is embodied in the so-called “varieties of capitalism” (VoC) literature. Contemporary VoC approaches highlight the significance of social and political institutions in shaping national economies, in stark contrast to neoclassical economics which generally ignores institutions other than markets or sees them as hindrances to the functioning of free markets. Three analytical premises inform the diverse conceptual frameworks within the VoC literature: the firm-based approach, national business systems approach, and the governance or “social systems of production” approach. The VoC literature offers three important contributions to our understanding of the global political economy. The first is that different sources of competitive advantage for firms and nations are institutionally rooted and not easily changed. The second contribution is that these distinct national arrangements give rise to different interests/preferences in how the global economy is constructed and managed. Finally, the VoC approaches provide a framework for analyzing long-term institutional changes in capitalist systems and the persistence of diverse forms of capitalism, including the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 that may usher in yet another epochal change in the “battle of capitalisms.”

Materializing the Societal Effect: Organizational Forms and Changing Patterns of Dominance in the Paper Industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha-Antti Lamberg ◽  
Juha Laurila
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Dominant Firms ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
National Business Systems ◽  
National Business

This paper reports an empirical study on the co-evolution of competitive conditions dominating firms and organizational forms in the paper industry1. It has two main theoretical implications. First, with respect to research on national business systems and the societal effect, we suggest that the country of origin imprints firms especially by allowing them to develop distinctive organizational forms. Second, we show that the competitive conditions, dominant forms and dominant firms remain in constant flux even in mature industries. There is, therefore, a need for co-evolutionary research to continue to combine long-term perspectives and intensive research designs in the study of specific industries.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Philippe D’Iribarne ◽  
Sylvie Chevrier ◽  
Alain Henry ◽  
Jean-Pierre Segal ◽  
Geneviève Tréguer-Felten
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Common Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Challenge ◽  
Global Standardization ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Shed Light

We are experiencing a rather curious situation today. Globalization is in full swing. International cooperation actions are more and more frequent. An increasing number of agents, who were socialized in different worlds, experience first-hand the difficulties that need to be overcome in such situations. Yet management practices are being homogenized all over the world. The elites in emerging countries are falling over themselves to follow the expensive training given by Western universities. Attempts to achieve a global standardization of management practices have probably never been stretched so far in multinational companies. However, the dissemination of the best practices of a management claiming to be universal is confronted with the irreducible resistance of the diversity of cultures. This resistance remains poorly understood. The most common representation of cultural differences taught in universities and in training seminars for companies disregards the analysis of concrete realities, thus failing to shed light on what is actually taking place in these encounters. Understanding this constitutes a major intellectual and practical challenge for researchers who focus on both ...

scholarly journals LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF TREE ATTRIBUTES UNDERPINS SPECIES SELECTION ON COFFEE FARMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
GENEVIEVE LAMOND ◽  
LINDSEY SANDBROOK ◽  
ANJA GASSNER ◽  
FERGUS L. SINCLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Crown Density

SUMMARYThe extent to which coffee agroforestry systems provide ecosystem services depends on local context and management practices. There is a paucity of information about how and why farmers manage their coffee farms in the way that they do and the local knowledge that underpins this. The present research documents local agro-ecological knowledge from a coffee growing region within the vicinity of the Aberdare Forest Reserve in Central Kenya. Knowledge was acquired from over 60 coffee farmers in a purposive sample, using a knowledge-based systems approach, and tested with a stratified random sample of 125 farmers using an attribute ranking survey. Farmers had varying degrees of explanatory knowledge about how trees affected provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. Trees were described as suitable or unsuitable for growing with coffee according to tree attributes such as crown density and spread, root depth and spread, growth rate and their economic benefit. Farmers were concerned that too high a level of shade and competition for water and nutrients would decrease coffee yields, but they were also interested in diversifying production from their coffee farms to include fruits, timber, firewood and other tree products as a response to fluctuating coffee prices. A range of trees were maintained in coffee plots and along their boundaries but most were at very low abundances. Promoting tree diversity rather than focussing on one or two high value exotic species represents a change of approach for extension systems, the coffee industry and farmers alike, but is important if the coffee dominated landscapes of the region are to retain their tree species richness and the resilience this confers.

scholarly journals Researching the multinational corporation: contributions of critical realist ethnography

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-403
Author(s):  
Diana Rosemary Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
International Management ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Global Ethnography ◽  
Experience Of Change

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the contributions that critical realist ethnographies can make to an understanding of the multinational corporation. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on a discussion of methodological challenges in researching the multinational corporation and the ways in which critical realist ethnographies can respond to these challenges. The example of research on the transfer of management practices is used to illustrate this. Findings Taking the example of researching the transfer of management practices within the multinational, the paper argues that the potential of critical realist ethnography including critical realist global ethnography to contribute to the field of International Business and International Management remains relatively untapped. Research limitations/implications Adopting the sociological imagination of the critical realist ethnographer has implications for the kinds of questions that are asked by the researcher and the ways in which we seek to address these methodologically. Researching from a critical standpoint fruitful empirical themes for further research relate to the experience of change for example in business systems, internationalization of organizations and “globalization”. Practical implications The critical realist ethnographer can contribute insights into the complex social and political processes within the multinational and provide insights into how social structures are both impacting on and impacted by individuals and groups. Ethnographic research located within a critical realist framework has the potential to address questions of how stability and change take place within specific structural, cultural and power relations. Originality/value At the methodological level, this paper highlights the potential of critical realist ethnography in researching the multinational, in addressing significant questions facing the critical researcher and in gaining a privileged insight into the lived experience of globalization.

Navigation, Circumvention and Brokerage: The Tricks of the Trade of Developing NGOs in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 86-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jørgen Gåsemyr
Keyword(s):  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Ngo Development ◽  
Chinese Ngos

AbstractChinese NGOs face strong coercive pressures and limitations yet have still emerged as notable actors in several issue areas. This article studies why and explains how a group of NGOs working on AIDS-related issues have been able to progress into relatively large and vibrant operations. It documents how NGO leaders have learned to navigate opportunities and risks, circumvent formal restrictions and broker pragmatic and largely informal arrangements that have enabled their organizations to grow and advance within China's authoritarian settings. The article contributes to the literature on Chinese NGO development and new institutionalism theory, and introduces a framework for studying NGOs based on their organizational forms and activities.

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