Inquests, inquiries and indictments: the official reception of death by disaster

Legal Studies ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Wells
Keyword(s):  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
External Causes

In this essay I consider the reception, perception and construction of deaths by disaster. Catastrophies such as those at Aberfan, Zeebrugge and Hillsborough present a challenge to legal and political systems. They prompt immediate and long-term responses. Some of these are concerned with establishing the cause, some with preventing their recurrence and others with blame allocation. There have been public and not so public inquiries into them. In some cases there have been criminal prosecutions with suggestions of scapegoating, but all these disasters have one thing in common. They have been the subject of an inquest. To be more precise, each death has been the subject of an inquest, as are the 18,000 deaths from external causes, injuries or poisoning, which occur every year. Here I focus in particular on the role of the coroner's inquest and its relationship with other forms of public investigation in shaping public perceptions of disasters.

An International Relations Perspective on the Reform Needs of the Human Rights Council

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-80
Author(s):  
Wolfgang S. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Human Rights Council ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Subject

Abstract: This article approaches the matter of institutional reform of the United Nations Human Rights Council from an international relations perspective. A well-known tension exists between State representatives acting for their governments in international organisations, but whose decisions are presented as UN policies. The latter should be guided primarily by the UN Charter and public international law. However, in reality, different worldviews and foreign policy considerations play a more significant role. In a comprehensive stock-take, the article looks at four major dimensions of the Council, starting with structure and dynamics and major trends, followed by its country and thematic activities, and the role of key actors. Council reform proposals from both States and civil society are explored. Whilst the intergovernmental body remains the most important authority responsible for the protection of human rights in the international sphere, it has also been the subject of considerable criticism. Although it has made considerable progress towards enlarging its coverage and taking on more challenging human rights crises, among some of its major weaknesses are the election of human rights-unfriendly countries into its ranks, the failure to apply stronger sanctions on large, politically influential countries in the South and North, and lack of influence on human rights crises and chronic human rights problems in certain countries. Whilst various reform proposals have emerged from States and NGOs, other more far reaching propositions are under sometimes difficult negotiations. In the mid- to long-term, the UN human rights machinery can only have a stronger and more lasting impact if support from national/local actors and coalitions in politics and society can be strengthened.

The Role of ECT in Schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Keuneman ◽  
Rajiv Weerasundera ◽  
David Castle
Keyword(s):  
Acute Onset ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Maintenance Ect ◽  
The Subject

Objective: To review the place of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of schizophrenia. Conclusions: ECT is as effective, if not more so, than the antipsychotic drugs in certain clinical settings. It can be rapidly effective in acute episodes. When used alone, antipsychotics have comparable or superior efficacy to ECT alone in the short term. However, ECT possibly confers better long-term outcome. Combination treatment with antipsychotic medications and ECT is superior to either treatment alone, and is safe and effective, notably in medication resistant schizophrenia. Benefits of acute courses of ECT may be short-lived unless maintenance ECT is instituted, although there are limited data on the subject. Clinically, patients with acute onset, shorter episodes are more likely to respond to ECT. Catatonia, preoccupation with delusions and hallucinations, and a relative absence of premorbid schizoid and paranoid personality traits, are other clinical factors less strongly predictive of positive response. The presence of affective symptoms is often thought to be predictive of clinical response. However, there is little research evidence for this. While medications remain the mainstay of treatment in schizophrenia, ECT does have a clear and increasingly recognised role which requires further evaluation.

scholarly journals The Role of NGOs in Political Elections in South Korea: The Case of the Citizens' Alliance for the 2000 General Election

Asian Survey ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui Hang Shin
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
General Election ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Civic Organizations ◽  
The Impact

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the role of civic organizations in political processes in South Korea. More specifically, this article examines the impact of the blacklisting of candidates by the Citizens' Alliance for the 2000 General Election (CAGE) on the outcomes of the National Assembly election of April 13, 2000. I discuss the relationship between the characteristics of political systems and political culture and the emergence of civic organizations. I analyze the effects of CAGE's blacklisting of politicians on the nomination processes of candidates by major political parties. I also discuss the long-term effects of CAGE on the political system.

scholarly journals RPR revisited (2): Long-term farmer experience helps define the role of RPR in grazed pastures

2012 ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
M. Zaman ◽  
B.F. Quin
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Phosphorus Runoff ◽  
Commercial Introduction

The commercial introduction of reactive phosphate rock (RPR) to the New Zealand market in 1987 was the subject of much dispute regarding its efficacy, and the differing interpretations of field trial results. Twenty-five years on, it was considered time to seek the views of farmers who are long-term users of RPR, across a wide range of geographic, soil type, fertility, climate and farming operations. The fact that the farmers interviewed have all been farming successfully with RPR for many years enables conditions suitable for RPR use to be identified more clearly compared to earlier advice. This progress is discussed in the context of utilising the proven reduced phosphorus (P) run-off with RPR to reduce P eutrophication in P-sensitive catchments. Key words: Reactive phosphate rock, RPR, superphosphate, SSP, long-term use, phosphorus runoff, eutrophication, water quality, recommendations

The role of tourism in Slovenia's strategy of international economic relations

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vito Bobek
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Global Planning

This paper explores the idea of sustainable tourism as a criterion for long-term global planning that takes the economic, sociocultural and environmental benefits of tourist products into account. The paper also discusses what Slovenia’s strategy of international economic relations, together with the Law on tourist activities have contributed to the subject.

Phycological studies in lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Superior

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1837-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Munawar ◽  
I. F. Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Canadian Research

An indepth phycological comparison is presented for lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Superior, based on extensive lake-wide surveys carried out during the past 12 years. This comparison was achieved by the application of standard and consistent identification, enumeration, and data-processing techniques. The resulting species composition data are voluminous and present a broad picture of the phytoplankton assemblage. Our data base has enabled us to assess the long-term floristic changes, knowledge of which is lacking in the Great Lakes. The species composition reflects more or less the current trophic status of these lakes. The preponderance of nannoplankton and phytoflagellates is the subject of our current experimental research, which includes the fractionation of chlorophyll a and carbon-14 uptake, toxicity studies of heavy metals upon various size fractions of algae, and the role of microalgae and ultraplankton in the transfer of contaminants via zooplankton grazing. The need for phycological research in the Great Lakes is expanding with decreasing eutrophication and the increasing problems of contaminants. The recovery, rehabilitation, and preservation of these vital freshwaters are the primary concern of the continuing Canadian research program in the Great Lakes.

scholarly journals STEM education as a factor of national security

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Gulnara A. Krasnova ◽  
Alexander V. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Education System ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Problem and goal. Determination of the place and role of education in the national security system at the present stage based on the analysis of the foreign and Russian regulatory framework, as well as scientific literature on the subject of the study. Methodology. Through the analysis and parallel comparison of the main domestic and foreign regulatory legal acts in the field of security, the key transformations of the perception and vision of education as a factor of national security in foreign countries and Russia were identified, and the causal relationships between the development of the education system and national security were formulated. Results. The problems of national security in all their diversity are significantly related to the state and sustainability of the development of the educational sphere, the impact of which is long-term and has far-reaching consequences in the form of imbalances in the socio-economic, scientific and technological development of the country. Conclusion. The formalization of existing approaches to assessing threats to national security and the economic aspects of ensuring national security will allow us to propose a methodology for quantifying the costs of the education system as a whole (or only for higher education), necessary to optimize the impact of education on national security.

scholarly journals REGIONAL POLICY OF THE STATES TOWARDS THEIR RESOURCE-ORIENTED PERIPHERIES: EXPERIENCE OF ARGENTINA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATAGONIA IN COMPARISON WITH THE RUSSIAN POLICY TOWARDS SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Арсений Фартышев ◽  
Arseny Fartyshev
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

<p><span>This paper features economic-geographical, historical and political comparison between Patagonia and Siberia as the biggest resource-oriented peripheries of the world. A conclusion is made about the similarity of the social-economic role of these regions as a low-populated raw material base with small share of industry. Although the regional policy toward Patagonia has never been regulated by any program or strategic document the way it is in Siberia and East regions of China, some success has been achieved, especially in oil refining. The article analyzes the main governmental acts aimed at overcoming the raw material base role and decentralizing the Argentinean economy in the second half of XX century. The general problems obstructing the realization of the long-term measures are the political instability of </span><span>Argentina and its high dependency on the economy on foreign capital. The experience of Patagonia in the field of tax regulating, company registering limits and capital planning can be interpolated to the situation in Siberia and can become the subject of a more detailed research.</span></p>

scholarly journals The role of Culture in Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272
Author(s):  
Burak Çetiner ◽  
Meltem Ince Yenilmez
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Important Idea ◽  
The Subject

Culture's importance is becoming a critical issue in our society. This is because such positions must be clearly defined for sustainable development to become a reality. The society appears to be having some difficulties right now. These factors include urbanization and climate change. The way these issues are solved will have a significant impact on society's future. This paper will examine literature to study the connection or relationship that exists between the built environment, sustainable development, and culture to describe the subject matter of this research. The importance of culture, the built environment, and sustainability will be highlighted in this section. Relevant and valid articles that demonstrate how culture is crucial in any sustainable environment or community will be the emphasis. The literature study explains how culture has a greater impact on societal development in both social and economic terms. Culture plays an important influence in long-term development. In other words, it is a critical component of the process. This is because it oversees assisting people in forming relationships and cultivating the proper attitude in the society in which they live. Sustainable development is an important idea and role in every culture and society. This is due to the fact that it has been discovered to have a good impact on every aspect of an embedded civilization. This paper will attempt to provide a comprehensive examination of culture and its contributions to environmental and sustainability issues. Culture will be considered as a fundamental component of any sustainable environment, as well as a component of the environmental, economic, and social implications of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Shipbuilding of the Azov Fleet in 1695-1712 in the Russian historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-106
Author(s):  
Timofei Vladimirovich Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Military Industry ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Military Production

The subject of this article is the assessments of national researchers on various aspects of shipbuilding of the Azov Fleet in 1695-1712. The goal consists in revealing the key issues in development of shipbuilding industry as one of the branches of domestic military production by means of critical analysis and generalization of results of research conducted by the Russian scholars. The author examines the factors &nbsp;and prerequisites for selecting Voronezh as the center of construction of the Azov fleet, the key stages and evolution of shipbuilding industry and activity in the Voronezh Region, establishment of administrative branches and role of foreign experts thereof,&nbsp; results of shipbuilding of the Azov Fleet and its impact upon further development of shipbuilding industry in Russia. The novelty of this study consists in analysis of the works of national researchers dedicated to shipbuilding of the Azov Fleet for covering the problem of establishment of shipbuilding sectors of the Russian military industry, clarifying and generalizing debating points on the subject matter. The article describes the influence of the conditions of shipbuilding of the Azov Fleet upon the course of shipbuilding works and the image of forming shipbuilding industry. The factors of institutionalization of shipbuilding industry, the course of development of the first shipbuilding cluster in Russia, as well as the results of short-term and long-term shipbuilding activity of are revealed.

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