Economic Feasibility of Small-Scale Sponge Farming in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuck Adams ◽  
John M. Stevely ◽  
Don Sweat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Federated States Of Micronesia

Techno-economic feasibility study on the application of downdraft gasifier in small-scale red clay bricks industries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugan Paradesi Chockalingam ◽  
Navaneethakrishnan Palanisamy ◽  
Saji Raveendran Padmavathy ◽  
Edwin Mohan ◽  
Beno Wincy Winsly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier ◽  
Clay Bricks

scholarly journals Resources, Production Scales and Time Required for Producing RNA Vaccines for the Global Pandemic Demand

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Cleo Kontoravdi ◽  
Robin Shattock ◽  
Nilay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The Impact

To overcome pandemics, such as COVID-19, vaccines are urgently needed at very high volumes. Here we assess the techno-economic feasibility of producing RNA vaccines for the demand associated with a global vaccination campaign. Production process performance is assessed for three messenger RNA (mRNA) and one self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, all currently under clinical development, as well as for a hypothetical next-generation saRNA vaccine. The impact of key process design and operation uncertainties on the performance of the production process was assessed. The RNA vaccine drug substance (DS) production rates, volumes and costs are mostly impacted by the RNA amount per vaccine dose and to a lesser extent by the scale and titre in the production process. The resources, production scale and speed required to meet global demand vary substantially in function of the RNA amount per dose. For lower dose saRNA vaccines, global demand can be met using a production process at a scale of below 10 L bioreactor working volume. Consequently, these small-scale processes require a low amount of resources to set up and operate. RNA DS production can be faster than fill-to-finish into multidose vials; hence the latter may constitute a bottleneck.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Renewable Power Systems for a Small-Scale Plasma-Assisted Nitric Acid Plant in Africa

Processes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Anastasopoulou ◽  
Sughosh Butala ◽  
Bhaskar Patil ◽  
John Suberu ◽  
Martin Fregene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Renewable Power

scholarly journals U.S. Kiwifruit Industry Model: Annual Supply and Monthly Demand

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-491
Author(s):  
Hikaru Hanawa Peterson ◽  
Lois Schertz Willett
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The U.S

AbstractA dynamic econometric model of the U.S. kiwifruit industry provides a framework for empirical analysis of small-scale commodities, particularly those used by producers for diversification. Production and marketing processes are explained by annual and monthly components, respectively. Results confirm that plantings were speculative and that economic feasibility critically impacts acreage retention as the industry matures. Prices at alternative outlets and fruit quality in storage affect monthly shipments. Flexibilities of monthly f.o.b. prices imply elastic kiwifruit demand, and imports are found to be substitutes. The industry could increase its average annual gross revenue by marketing the crop earlier in the season.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost of Solar Biomass Hybrid Dryer Systems for Cashew Drying of Nuts in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Dhanushkodi ◽  
Vincent H. Wilson ◽  
Kumarasamy Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Cashew nut farming in India is mostly carried out in small and marginal holdings. Energy consumption in the small scale cashew nut processing industry is very high and is mainly due to the high energy consumption of the drying process. The drying operation provides a lot of scope for energy saving and substitutions of other renewable energy sources. Renewable energy-based drying systems with loading capacity of 40 kg were proposed for application in small scale cashew nut processing industries. The main objective of this work is to perform economic feasibility of substituting solar, biomass and hybrid dryer in place of conventional steam drying for cashew drying. Four economic indicators were used to assess the feasibility of three renewable based drying technologies. The payback time was 1.58 yr. for solar, 1.32 for biomass and 1.99 for the hybrid drying system, whereas as the cost-benefit estimates were 5.23 for solar, 4.15 for biomass and 3.32 for the hybrid system. It was found that it is of paramount importance to develop solar biomass hybrid dryer for small scale processing industries.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Hybrid Photovoltaic-Biomass Systems Feasibility Analysis for Higher Education Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9300
Author(s):  
David Alfonso-Solar ◽  
Carlos Vargas-Salgado ◽  
Carlos Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Elías Hurtado-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Real Costs

Applications of renewable electricity in cities are mostly limited to photovoltaics, and they need other renewable sources, batteries, and the grid to guarantee reliability. This paper proposes a hybrid system, combining biomass and photovoltaics, to supply electricity to educational buildings. This system is reliable and provides at least 50% of electricity based on renewable sources. Buildings with small (<500 kW) installed power based on renewables, mainly biomass, are usually expensive. Besides, in urban areas, photovoltaic capacity is limited due to roof availability. This paper analyzes different configurations, meeting these constraints to obtain an economically feasible solution based on photovoltaic-biomass modelling of small size hybrid systems. The technology used for biomass energy valorization is a fluidized bed gasification power plant, which has been modelled with real data obtained from experimental tests and previous research projects. Thereby, real costs and electric efficiency are included in the model. The techno-economic feasibility analysis using HOMER software with metered real load curves from an educational building has been modelled. The results of the model show that hybrid renewable systems are very feasible in the scenario of 50% of electricity contribution, however, higher contribution (>70%) implies high electricity costs.

Economic feasibility of mobile processing units for small-scale pasture poultry farmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Angioloni ◽  
Genti Kostandini ◽  
Walid Q. Alali ◽  
Corliss A. O'Bryan
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe use of mobile processing units (MPUs) for pasture poultry is growing rapidly. This study compared the economic feasibility of MPUs to two processing alternatives, traditional stationary processing on-farm plants and off-farm processing facilities. Our study combined a survey of pasture poultry farmers in Georgia, Louisiana, and Arkansas with the published research. Our findings suggest that MPUs and traditional on-farm processing alternatives have a lower processing cost, but that they require a higher initial investment than the off-farm option. In addition, off-farm processing at the United States Department of Agriculture-inspected facility allows selling products for a higher price. We therefore expect, on average, a higher per-bird profit than with the other two options. However, the excess processing capacity of the MPU can make this option the most profitable.

Conversion of Syngas From Biomass in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju¨rgen Karl ◽  
Nadine Frank ◽  
Sotiris Karellas ◽  
Mathilde Saule ◽  
Ulrich Hohenwarter
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Integrated Gasification

Conversion of biomass in syngas by means of indirect gasification offers the option to improve the economic situation of any fuel cell systems due to lower costs for feedstock and higher power revenues in many European countries. The coupling of an indirect gasification of biomass and residues with highly efficient SOFC systems is therefore a promising technology for reaching economic feasibility of small decentralized combined heat and power production (CHP). The predicted efficiency of common high temperature fuel cell systems with integrated gasification of solid feedstock is usually significantly lower than the efficiency of fuel cells operated with hydrogen or methane. Additional system components like the gasifier, as well as the gas cleaning reduce this efficiency. Hence common fuel cell systems with integrated gasification of biomass will hardly reach electrical efficiencies above 30 percent. An extraordinary efficient combination is achieved in case that the fuel cells waste heat is used in an indirect gasification system. A simple combination of a SOFC and an allothermal gasifier enables then electrical efficiencies above 50%. But this systems requires an innovative cooling concept for the fuel cell stack. Another significant question is the influence of impurities on the fuel cells degradation. The European Research Project ‘BioCellus’ focuses on both questions — the influence of the biogenious syngas on the fuel cells and an innovative cooling concept based on liquid metal heat pipes. First experiments showed that in particular higher hydrocarbons — the so-called tars — do not have an significant influence on the performance of SOFC membranes. The innovative concept of the TopCycle comprises to heat an indirect gasifier with the exhaust heat of the fuel cell by means of liquid metal heat pipes. Internal cooling of the stack and the recirculation of waste heat increases the system efficiency significantly. This concept promises electrical efficiencies of above 50 percent even for small-scale systems without any combined processes.

scholarly journals Notes on the Economics of Residential Hybrid Energy System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2639
Author(s):  
Mahelet G. Fikru ◽  
Gregory Gelles ◽  
Ana-Maria Ichim ◽  
Joseph D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

Despite advances in small-scale hybrid renewable energy technologies, there are limited economic frameworks that model the different decisions made by a residential hybrid system owner. We present a comprehensive review of studies that examine the techno-economic feasibility of small-scale hybrid energy systems, and we find that the most common approach is to compare the annualized life-time costs to the expected energy output and choose the system with the lowest cost per output. While practical, this type of benefit–cost analysis misses out on other production and consumption decisions that are simultaneously made when adopting a hybrid energy system. In this paper, we propose a broader and more robust theoretical framework—based on production and utility theory—to illustrate how the production of renewable energy from multiple sources affects energy efficiency, energy services, and energy consumption choices in the residential sector. Finally, we discuss how the model can be applied to guide a hybrid-prosumer’s decision-making in the US residential sector. Examining hybrid renewable energy systems within a solid economic framework makes the study of hybrid energy more accessible to economists, facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations.

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