Physicochemical, antioxidant, and polyphenolic attributes of microencapsulated freeze‐dried kinnow peel extract powder using maltodextrin as wall material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiya Rafiq ◽  
Sajad Ahmad Sofi ◽  
Harish Kumar ◽  
Raj Kumari Kaul ◽  
Rahul Mehra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Material ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Peel Extract

scholarly journals Extraction and encapuslation of bioactive compounds from carrots

2017 ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Seregelj ◽  
Gordana Cetkovic ◽  
Jasna Canadanovic-Brunet ◽  
Vesna Tumbas-Saponjac ◽  
Jelena Vulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
Dark Conditions ◽  
Functional Components

Carrot is an important root vegetable rich in bioactive compounds like carotenoids and polyphenols with appreciable levels of several other functional components having significant health-promoting properties. Utilization of carotenoids is limited due to their instability. Encapsulation is one of the alternatives used to improve carotenoid stability. The objectives of this study were to optimize the extraction and encapsulation of carotenoids from carrot. Freeze-dried carrots were extracted by conventional solvent extraction (CSE) using four solvents, i.e. ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and hexane. Although CSE using hexane and ethyl acetate resulted in highest carotenoid contents (18.27 and 15.73 mg ?-carotene/100 g), acetone and ethanol at a solid to solvent ratio 1:10 w/v with slightly lower carotenoid contents (14.52 and 11.45 mg ?-carotene/100 g) were chosen for further studies due to their higher food compatibility and higher polyphenol content (88.86 and 66.21 mg GAE/100 g) than with lower solid to solvent ratio (1:5 w/v). Ethanol and acetone carrot extracts were encapsulated using different carriers by a freeze-drying method in order to obtain the optimum encapsulate with the highest carotenoid encapsulation efficiency (EE). Encapsulation using the maltodextrin, whey and soy protein as a wall material yielded an EE of carotenoids ranging from 41.95% to 100%. The encapsulated ?-carotene content was evaluated during two months of storage at ambient temperature under light and dark conditions. Generally, the retention of carotenoids was significantly higher in dark conditions, where maximum retention (65.94-87.32%) occurred in the samples encapsulated in maltodextrin and soy protein.

Fabrication of rosemary essential oil microcapsules and using in active packaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Arman Kandirmaz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Abstract Essential oils are interesting plant extracts that are used for preservation in food field. They can be used in antibacterial food packaging systems. The disadvantage of essential oils is that they degrade due to light and heat and lose their biological activity. Encapsulation techniques enable essential oils to be protected them. In this study wall material maltodextrin and whey protein concentrate were used. The emulsions were prepared with rosemary oil and wall material. Freeze dried capsules were synthesized. The encapsulation efficiencies, surface morphologies and particle size distributions were determined. In addition, the paper coating formulations were prepared with rosemary oil capsule by different concentrations and applicate them onto the paper. Antimicrobial test was applied to both gram negative and positive bacteria on the coated papers. In addition, color, gloss and contact angle were measured by spectrophotometer, glossmeter and goniometer, respectively. The offset test prints were made on the coated papers, and the color and gloss of the prints were measured and the color changes were calculated. As a result, capsules with rosemary oil were produced. It was determined that rosemary coated papers showed activity against E. coli bacteria and this paper could be used in active food packaging.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 by spray and freeze-drying: strain-dependent effect and its antibacterial property

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2181-2189
Author(s):  
R.Z. Kamil ◽  
R. Yanti ◽  
A. Murdiati ◽  
M. Juffrie ◽  
E.S. Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Strain Dependent

Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 is a potential probiotic candidate, and microencapsulation is the method for extending its shelf-life. Furthermore, spray or freeze -drying is a common method for microencapsulation, and its effect on the stability of probiotic is strain-dependent. This research was aimed to evaluate the strain-dependent effect of probiotic microencapsulation and to choose a suitable method for further research. In this research, for strain-dependent analysis, L. plantarum strain Mut-7 was used as a comparison. Probiotics were encapsulated with 10% (w/v) skim milk and 1 % (w/v) sucrose as wall material by spray and freeze-drying method. The obtained probiotics powder was then analyzed for physicochemical, sublethal injury and stability during storage. Freeze-dried L. plantarum Dad-13 was than analyze the antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that aw, color and particle diameter were significantly different between the spray and freeze-dried probiotics. Hence, the microstructure of spray-dried microcapsule was spherical and wrinkle, while the freezedried microcapsule was porous. However, the viable cell of freeze-dried probiotic was significantly higher and more stable during eight weeks of storages. From both strains, we found that there was no strain-dependent effect on viable cells after the drying method. Thus, we deduced that freeze-drying was the suitable method for microencapsulation L. plantarum strain Dad-13, considering the freeze-dried L. plantarum Dad-13 still had antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Potency of Garcinia mangostana L peel extract combined with demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft on IL-1β expression, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in alveolar bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Imam Safari Azhar ◽  
Utari Kresnoadi ◽  
Retno Pudji Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Osteoblast Cells ◽  
Socket Preservation ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Mangosteen Peel ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Peel Extract

Background: Alveolar bone plays an important role in supporting dentures. One socket preservation procedure is the application of bone graft to the tooth socket immediately after extraction. The administration of Garcinia mangostana L peel extract combined with demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX) is assumed to decrease the number of osteoclast cells and IL-1β expressions, while also increasing that of osteoblast cells. Purpose: This study aimed to establish the potency of Garcinia mangostana L peel extract combined with DFDBBX on interleukin 1β expressions, osteoclast cells, and osteoblast cells during the preservation of tooth extraction sockets. Methods: This research constituted experimental laboratory-based research using 56 Cavia cobayas as specimens with randomized factorial design (true experimental design). These subjects were divided into eight groups, given PEG, DFDBBX, mangosteen peel extract or a combination of mangosteen peel extract and DFDBBX, and subsequently anesthesized before their left mandibular incisors were extracted. Thereafter, the post-extraction sockets were treated with PEG, DFDBBX, mangosteen peel extract or a combination of mangosteen peel extract and DFDBBX. The sockets were examined by means of HE and immunohistochemical staining on days 7 and 30 after extraction. The data obtained was analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test. Results: The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that the average number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and IL-1β expressions varied significantly between the groups. Conclusion: The combination of mangosteen peel extract and DFDBBX can potentially increase osteoblasts, while also decreasing osteoclasts and IL-1β expressions in the alveolar bones of Cavia cobaya.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

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