scholarly journals The A Priori of Public Leadership: Social Attributions to Public and Private Leaders in Different Performance Contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hesmert ◽  
Fabian Hattke ◽  
Rick Vogel
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Leadership ◽  
Social Attributions

scholarly journals Associations between apriori-defined dietary patterns and longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Monjardino ◽  
Raquel Lucas ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Henrique Barros
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
School Year

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify short- and long-term associations between dietary patterns defined a priori and bone mineral density (BMD) during adolescence.DesignDietary patterns were defined at 13 years old using a Mediterranean diet (MD) quality index, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet index and the Oslo Health Study (OHS) dietary index. Linear regression coefficients were used to estimate associations between dietary patterns and forearm BMD at 13 and 17 years, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.SettingPublic and private schools of Porto, Portugal.SubjectsThe EPITeen cohort comprising 1180 adolescents born in 1990, recruited at schools during the 2003/2004 school year and re-evaluated in 2007/2008.ResultsIn girls, at 13 years, mean BMD (g/cm2) in the first and third tertiles was 0·369 and 0·368 for the MD pattern, 0·368 and 0·369 for the DASH diet, and 0·370 and 0·363 for the OHS index. In boys, mean BMD (g/cm2) in the first and third tertiles was 0·338 and 0·347 for the MD pattern, 0·342 and 0·346 for the DASH diet, and 0·344 and 0·342 for the OHS index. None of these differences were significant. Mean BMD at 17 years and prospective variation were also not significantly different between tertiles of adherence to each score. However, a trend of increased BMD at 13 years with greater adherence to the MD pattern was observed in boys (adjusted coefficient = 0·248; 95 % CI 0·052, 0·444).ConclusionsThe selected dietary patterns may not capture truly important dietary differences in determining BMD or diet may not be, beyond nutrient adequacy, a limiting determinant of BMD.

scholarly journals The possibilities of consensual resolution of judicial conflicts with the Public Administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (72) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Gabriel Perlingeiro
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Studies

This text endeavors to define the theoretical limits of the capacities of the public administrative authorities to reach consensual solutions to disputes within the framework of judicial review. It is motivated by the lack of a clear understanding in Brazilian law of the border area between the legal relations of public and private law involving the public authorities, and the expressions “inalienable right” (or “inalienable interest”) and “public interest” as shown by the inexplicable asymmetry between what the public administrative authorities can do within a judicial proceeding and outside one. Based on a comparative study of common law versus civil law legal systems and an examination of the treatment of the subject in Brazilian statutes, case law and legal studies, this article reviews the relationship between the public interest and inalienability, demonstrating, in conclusion, that the possibility of the administrative authorities to enter into settlements or follow similar practices should not be rejected a priori, even in cases of public law. According to the author, there are three possible scenarios in which public administrative authorities may resort to consensual dispute resolution in the context of the judicial review: in private-law relationships, in public-law relationships with respect to the exercise of administrative actions prescribed by law and public-law relationships with respect to the exercise of discretionary powers.

Inter-Industry Effects of Tourism Growth: Implications for Destination Managers

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Dwyer ◽  
Peter Forsyth ◽  
Ray Spurr
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cge Models ◽  
Cge Modelling ◽  
Destination Competitiveness ◽  
Economic Contribution

The study of the economic contribution of tourism has recently undergone a ‘paradigm shift’ as a result of the use of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models in place of input–output models. In a CGE model which incorporates a realistic set of economy-wide constraints, the effects of tourism growth on destination income and employment cannot be anticipated a priori. The development and application of this superior technique have major implications for the way that tourism economists must now think about the economic impacts of tourism and for the policy advice they give to decision makers in both the public and private sectors. This paper explores three areas in which CGE modelling has relevance for the destination management organization: tourism planning, cooperative destination marketing, and assessment of destination competitiveness.

scholarly journals Défis et enjeux de la gouvernance locale au Cameroun à l’ère de la décentralisation : cas de la ville de Garoua

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Simon Pierre Petnga Nyamen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Système D’Information ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

RésuméLe Décret N°2007/115 du 23 avril 2007 portant création de nouveaux Arrondissements au sein de certains Départements du Cameroun traduit a priori la volonté du Gouvernement d’insuffler une dynamique nouvelle à son processus de décentralisation. À partir du cas de la ville de Garoua, ce travail traite des défis et enjeux de la gouvernance locale dans un contexte d’accélération du processus de décentralisation en vue d’un développement maîtrisé. Pour ce faire, des échanges avec vingt-six informateurs issus de l’administration publique et privée, douze chefs de quartier et trente des plus anciens habitants de Garoua ont été mené. En plus, on a eu recours à une centaine d’informateurs et guides, qui ont permis de caractériser trois cent cinquante-cinq marqueurs spatiaux de la dynamique urbaine de la localité. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que les défis et enjeux actuels de la gouvernance locale sont de trois ordres : règlementaire, financier et fonctionnel. Pour ce qui est du premier ordre, le problème des villes camerounaises, est le non-respect de la règlementation en vigueur, et surtout l’omniprésence de la corruption. Le deuxième ordre est celui de l’incapacité des municipalités à collecter les recettes ce qui ne limite leur investissement qu’à des ouvrages de très faible impact social et économique. Sur le plan fonctionnel, la décentralisation a favorisé la multiplication d’acteurs aux aspirations très souvent divergentes, mais aussi une confusion voire une ignorance des rôles. Au terme de cette étude, avec l’adoption de comportements légaux, il est recommandé aux administrations locales de s’ouvrir au Système d’Information Géographique (SIG) qui dispose des méthodes, techniques et outils permettant de gérer efficacement la donnée spatiale et par conséquent le territoire. De plus, le processus de création de ce système utilisé pour la collecte, le stockage, l’analyse, la modélisation, la gestion, l’affichage et la représentation de l’information spatiale, est une excellente aubaine pour la mise en oeuvre d’un cadre de concertation qui intègre à différentes échelles, la représentativité, les compétences et les objectifs respectifs de toutes les parties prenantes à la gouvernance locale. AbstractDecree N°2007/115 of April 23, 2007 creating new subdivisions within some Divisions of Cameroon demonstrates the will of the Government to improve its decentralization process. Based on the case of the city of Garoua, this work deals with the challenges and issues of local governance, in a context of accelerating the decentralization process with a view to controlled development. To this end, exchanges with twenty-six informants from the public and private administration, twelve chiefdom leaders and thirty of the oldest inhabitants of Garoua were conducted. In addition, about one hundred informants and guides were used, who allowed to characterize three hundred and fifty-five spatial markers of the dynamics of the city. The results revealed that the current challenges and issues of local governance are threefold: regulatory, financial and functional. As for the first, the problem of Cameroonian cities is the non-compliance with the regulations in force, and especially the pervasiveness of corruption. The second order is the inability of municipalities to collect revenue, which limits their investment to works of very low social and economic impact. From a functional point of view, decentralization has favored the multiplication of actors with very divergent aspirations, but also confusion and ignorance of roles. Based on these results, we recommend that local governments open up to Geographic Information System (GIS), which has the methods, techniques and tools to effectively better manage the spatial data and consequently the territory. In addition, the process of creating this system, used for the collection, storage, analysis, modelling, management, display and representation of spatial information, is an important opportunity towards the implementation of a consultation framework that integrates, at different levels, the representativeness, skills and objectives of all stakeholders of local governance on the field.

scholarly journals The PeaMUST project: defining ideotypes for the pea crop development

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. D604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Burstin ◽  
Catherine Rameau ◽  
Virginie Bourion ◽  
Nadim Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Pea is the most widely cultivated grain legume crop in Europe. In the French research project PeaMUST, a large public and private sector partnership has been set up to undertake complementary strategies towards the development of high and stable yielding cultivars. These different strategies will contribute to the definition of a pea ideotype based on both a priori and a posteriori approaches. On the one hand, genomic selection will identify interesting genotypes which may display new phenotypic ideotypes. On the other hand, marker-assisted selection will enable cumulating resistance for a given or different stresses to reach more durably stable phenotypes. Moreover, mutations identified in candidate genes controlling aerial and root architecture will be tested for their effects on stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Professional Identity in Analysis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Cardoso ◽  
Paula Batista ◽  
Amândio Graça
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academic Search

The present study is a systematic review of literature, with the objective to map the typology of conceptual studies about professional identity, as well as the used conceptual fields and the evidence therefrom resulting. The research was made within the electronic databases ISI web of Knowledge, EBSCO (Academic Search Complete, ERIC and Sport Discus) and B-On, between 2002 and 2011. The research equation was "Professional Identity" AND "Review", in the fields ‘abstract’, ‘topic’ and ‘title’ having been integrated 22 articles. The content analysis was the technique used, with the following categories defined a priori: i) typology studies; (ii) conceptual framework around the professional identity; iii) indications for future researches about teacher's identity. The results showed a marked increase of publications in 2011, in large professional areas (teachers and nurses) and in two main stages of development (the learning and professional process), as well as a strong conceptual positioning of authors in the perspective of symbolic interactionism and in post-modernity. It was also clear that the concept of professional identity fits simultaneously in individual (personal and social) and collective dimensions. Indeed, it involves the individual, his/her relationship with the other in a given context and his/her sense of belonging to a group. Regarding the proposals for future investigations, the researches with a qualitative nature (ethnographic and longitudinal) in work places prevails, with emphasis on the observation of dynamics established in communities of practice and its speeches (public and private), in a combination of micro and macro analysis.

scholarly journals AUGMENTING THE TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS CONSTRUCT: VOICES OF THE EFFECTIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS FROM UNIVERSITIES IN PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahila Huma Anwar, Sajida Zaki, Natasha Memon
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Teachers ◽  
English Language ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
English Language Teachers ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Educational standards around the globe and most specifically in Pakistan are put to contest with challenging standards. There is an amounting pressure on the administrators and the policymakers to furnish the educational institutes with effective teachers. This leads to rekindle probe into the ongoing debate on the qualities that contribute to teacher effectiveness. Therefore, the present research utilized mixed methods approach with an aim to explore the effective English language teachers’ (ELTs) conception about the qualities of effective ELTs. In the first quantitative phase, the survey method was used to identify effective ELTs through Self-Assessment Test (SAT) at both public and private sector higher education institutes (HEIs) of Pakistan through convenience sampling (N = 243). Based on the results of phase one, eight ELTs were selected purposefully for semi-structured interviews which were then analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti 9.0 software. Thematic analysis of the semistructured interviews revealed nine main categories emerging under the a priori theme of perceived effective teachers. The study adds to the inconclusive definition of teacher effectiveness and bears implications for various stakeholders of the teacher education system to provide opportunities to the ELTs in order to develop such qualities as identified through this study

Application of cross correlation to HREM images of surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 754-755
Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Fourier Filtering ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Data Reduction Technique

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.

Towards 1-Ångstrom-resolution STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 996-997
Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Annular Dark Field ◽  
First Results

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.

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