Seed degeneration of banana planting materials: strategies for improved farmer access to healthy seed

Colocasia esculenta is commonly known as Taro, it is referred to as cocoyam in Nigeria. They are cherished for their rich taste, nutritional and medicinal properties. Every 100 g of taro corms possess 112 Kcal, 26.46 g carbohydrate, 1.50 g protein, 0.20 g total fat and 4.1g fiber (USDA National Nutrient Data Base). Besides its nutritional value, taro is used as a medical plant and provides bioactive compounds used as an anti-cancer drugs. Traditionally, cocoyams are vegetative propagated from tuber fragments, a practice that encourages pathogen distribution. Colocasia esculenta is a widely distributed food crop in the humid tropics and subtropics. Despite of its wide distribution, Taro plants are commonly infected with DsMV and other pathogens. This virus induces conspicuous mosaic, malformation, dwarfing or feathering on leaves in taro. As the results of infection, it reduces the quality and yield of taro production greatly. This virus is thus considered as a major limiting factor in the production of taro. Here plays the importance of tissue culture plays a major role in producing the disease resistant plants round the year with high quality. For rapid multiplication and production of quality planting materials, tissue culture technology offers promising alternative compared to the traditional production methods. KEYWORDS: Colocasia esculenta, Virus, Pathogens, Conventional propagation, Micropropagation, Yield, Rapid multiplication, Quality

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Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽

Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽

Mansor Hakiman

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽

Planting Materials ◽

Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

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The yield potency of various types of garlic planting materials

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/824/1/012062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 824 (1) ◽

pp. 012062

Author(s):

E Triharyanto ◽

G F A Putri ◽

Sulandjari ◽

E S Muliawati

Keyword(s):

Planting Materials

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DEVELOPMENT OF NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA (KELEMPAYAN) TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIALS FOR COMMERCIAL PLANTATION

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6725 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (24) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siti Suhaila A. Rahman ◽

Norwati Muhammad ◽

Nor Hasnida Hassan ◽

Haliza Ismail ◽

Nazirah Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Mass Production ◽

Nodal Segments ◽

Direct Organogenesis ◽

Timber Species ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

Commercial Plantation ◽

Planting Materials ◽

Tissue Culture Techniques

Neolamarckia cadamba (kelempayan) is a multipurpose and fast growing timber species. The tree is grown for timber, paper-making and as ornamental plant. It is reported that its barks and leaves possesed medicinal values and its flowers are used in perfumes. The species is also known to be suitable for plywood, packing case, toys and short-fibred pulp. Therefore, mass production of high quality planting material of N. cadamba is important to support plantation program of this species. Here we presented mass production of N. cadamba through tissue culture techniques. Nodal segments derived from in vitro germinated seeds were used and induced direct organogenesis to produce shoots and roots using MS media (1962) and plant growth regulators (BAP and IBA) that are relatively cheaper than previously used methods. The tissue culture technique of N. cadamba developed may help in ensuring supply of planting materials that are feasible for commercial plantation purposes.

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The Future of the Nigerian Agricultural Industries: A Case Study of Oil Palm Production in Edo State

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.561 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 824 ◽

pp. 561-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

U.J. Udosen ◽

A.P. Ugboya

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Future ◽

Edo State ◽

Agricultural Industries ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Planting Materials

This study analyzes oil palm production from 2001 - 2008 in Edo State, with a view of establishing the future of Nigerian Agricultural oil palm industries. The specific objectives were to identify and quantify the factors influencing the production of oil palm, reveal the constraints to the production of oil palm; analyze the viability of oil palm production as an investment and predict the future of oil palm enterprise in Edo State. Three Local Government Areas of high oil palm concentration in Edo State were covered. Ninety selected oil palm producers from nine villages in the study area were selected. Frequency distributions and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the results. The results showed that for the period under review (2001 - 2008) on a per hectare basis, seedlings cost, and labour cost were significant inputs, positively influencing the production of oil palm in the Edo State. A growth rate of 6.2% and 23.5% were projected for oil palm with reference to palm oil and fresh fruit bunches (FFB), respectively, up to the year 2020, an indication that oil palm production in the State is viable and the future is bright. The study revealed that inadequate storage facilities, poor planting materials and lack of government assistance, among others, are major bottlenecks in oil palm production in Edo State. However, since oil palm production in Edo State is viable, it is an indication that the future of Nigerian Agricultural Industries is bright.

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Two new reports of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.3380.10.2.11312-11315 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 11312

Author(s):

R. R. Rachana ◽

R. Varatharajan

Keyword(s):

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Western Flower Thrips ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Southern India ◽

Flower Thrips ◽

The Common ◽

Planting Materials ◽

The Nilgiris ◽

First Time ◽

The Western Ghats

Caliothrips punctipennis (Hood) and the male of Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) have been recorded for the first time from India. F. occidentalis was collected on the leaves of Erythrina indica from Ooty in the Nilgiris, the Western Ghats, southern India, whereas C. punctipennis was collected from yellow pan traps laid at Great Nicobar, India. Considering the quarantine importance of the pest F. occidentalis, the report of the male for the first time in India needs attention and concern. Males are also known to be more effective vectors of tospoviruses than females. Xerochrysum bracteatum, the Common Golden Everlasting Daisy, is often taken out of Ooty by tourists to other parts of the country. This along with other planting materials carried by tourists and farmers could aid in the dispersal of F. occidentalis to the temperate regions of northern and southern India, where it is likely to thrive in the congenial climatic conditions prevalent there. Under these circumstances, it is imperative that quarantine mechanisms within the country are activated and strengthened, to prevent the spread of this notorious pest to the rest of India from the pockets of its occurrence in southern India - particularly the Nilgiris. The diagnostic characters of both species are discussed.

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Utilization Of House Yard For Horticultural Crops At The Melati Indah Farmer Group Village Sungai Sorik Kuantan Hilir Seberang Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi Provinsi Riau

Jurnal Karya Abdi ◽

10.32520/karyaabdi.v2i1.1265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 41-48

Author(s):

Yoyon Riono ◽

Elfi Yenny Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Service Program ◽

Study Program ◽

Counseling Training ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Unused Land ◽

Farmer Groups ◽

Planting Materials ◽

Cultivation Techniques

Horticulture is the study of the cultivation of garden plants. Broadly speaking, it is the study of the cultivation of vegetables, fruits, flowers and ornamental plants. The purpose of this community service is to provide insight and knowledge of farmer groups to use the house yard for planting crops, especially horticulture. The implementation method is carried out by counseling, training and mentoring residents and farmer groups to maximize the results of empowerment. In addition, leaflets as educational tools are given as a guide. The steps were taken: firstly, the lecturers of the agrotechnology study program to residents and farmer groups, secondly, training, starting from the selection of good planting materials. Third, assistance related to the use of household agriculture (home gardens) with horticultural cultivation techniques. The result of this community service program is that the beautiful jasmine farmer group has understood and the benefits of the house yard to be used as a planting area, especially for horticultural crops. From the activities of this community service program, it can be concluded that farmer groups can specifically make use of the empty land and unused land around their homes, especially the existence of empty land.

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Ensuring Sustainability of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia Pumila) Through Ex-Situ Conservation

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v3i1.687 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

Farah Fazwa Md Ariff ◽

Norhayati Saffie ◽

Syafiqah Nabilah Samsul Bahari ◽

Mohamad Zaki Abdullah ◽

Mohd Asri Lias

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Whole Plant ◽

In The Wild ◽

Labisia Pumila ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Planting Materials ◽

Over Exploitation

Labisia pumila or locally known as Kacip Fatimah of the family Myrsinaceae is one of the popular herbal species in Malaysia. The leaves or the whole plant are being traditionally used to treat women internal problem and health. Other medicinal uses of the plant are as a treatment for dysentery, flatulence, dysmenorrhoea and gonorrhoea. The increasing demand of the plants for those usages has lead to the over-exploitation in the wild and might endanger the species if no conservation activities are being carried out. Beside the danger of extinction, the species also experience severe genetic loss and shortage of raw materials. Realizing to this, Plant Improvement Programme of Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) has taken an initiative to ex-situ conserve the species through the establishment of germplasm and development of breeding strategy. The purpose is to avoid extinction of the species and to produce high quality planting materials for commercial production. This paper discusses the collection, selection, propagation and establishment of clonal bank/germplasm of the species. It is anticipated that with the initiative, the sustainability of the species can be ensured to support the industries demand in the future.

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Packaging of Post Acclimatized Somatic Embryogenesis Cocoa Plantlet (Theobroma cacao L.)

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v25i1.110 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Soedarsianto Soedarsianto ◽

Teguh Iman Santoso

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Distribution System ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Storage Period ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Clonal Plants ◽

Result Show ◽

Fallen Leaves ◽

Planting Materials ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Clonal plants that produced by somatic embryogenesis technique is one of the best choice to produce supperior clonal cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) planting materials. The somatic embryogenesis technique is a possible way for massive propagation, the outcome is true to type plants, the architecture similarity that the seedlings but there is not segregation like seedlings plants. At present mass production started of plantlets production until post-acclimatized plantlets of somatic embryogenesis cocoa was done at Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Distribution system of the planting materials to whole areas in form of as up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlet. Some problems identified to reduce probability of decreasing viability of up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlets and one of them is extreme internal water deficit. This research investigate of the influece storage condition (air tight and non-air tight) and box storage (mica plastic and cardboardbox). The first experiment result show, there is no significant different between mica plastic and cardboard box usage for storage of post-acclimatized cocoa pantlet. Viability of up-rooted post acclimatized cocoa plantlet influenced exactly by air tight and non-air tight storage condition. Air tight storage condition have better viability of up-rooted post acclimatised (81,58%) than non-air tight storage condition (65,00%). Leaf sanasence on air tight storage condition (10,33%) lower than non-air tight storage (32,58%). There is not significantly on volume storage per plantlet between 4.416 cm3 and 12.600 cm3. Relationship between fallen leaves and cocoa planlet viability follow negative linear correlation y = -1,4719x + 104,88 (R2 = 0,9772). The second experiment treatment showed that maximal storage periode of post cclimatized cocoa plantlet just until 6 days stored (97%) and not significant with 3 days one. Viability of post acclimatized cocoa plantlet decreased after 6 days storage period.Key words : Somatic embryogenesis, post acclimatized cacao plantlet, storage condition, box storage, volume storage, storage period and viability.

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Planting Materials Seed Systems of Finger Millet, Rice and Taro in Jumla, Kaski and Bara Districts of Nepal

Nepal Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.3126/narj.v6i0.3343 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 10-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bimal K Baniya ◽

Radha K Tiwari ◽

Pashupati Chaudhary ◽

Surendra K Shrestha ◽

Pushpa R Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Seed Selection ◽

Seed Supply ◽

Millet Seed ◽

Seed System ◽

Rice Seeds ◽

Planting Materials ◽

Informal Seed Supply

Formal and informal seed supply systems of rice (Jumla, Bara and Kaski), finger millet and taro(Kaski) were studied in three ecosites of Nepal during 1999-2001 to understand the processes ofseed flow, seed production, seed selection and storage systems. A survey was conducted at 48 to96 households. Informal seed supply was the only system in Jumla and Kaski and formal systemexisted only in Bara. The main sources of seed were farmer's own saved seed (67-91%), seedfrom neighbors and relatives. Exchange of germplasm was the main basis of fulfillment fromother sources. All farmers obtained seed from their own village, while farmers introducedmaterials occasionally from outside village. Most of the farmers followed seed selection beforeor after crop harvest. Rice field selection and plant selection based on a fixed set of criteria wasthe common practice. Non lodged plants with more grain per panicle, bold grains, well-maturedand uniform plants, long panicle, true to type, good looking grains, free from diseases andinsects were the main rice seed selection criteria. All farmers from both sites stored rice seeds bylocal methods in the locally available containers. Mor and Mudkothi are the special strawcontainers to store rice seed in Bara. Dhara is a special mud structure used to store rice seeds inJumla. Finger millet seed supply system was mostly similar to that of rice seed system. Ninetyone percent farmers saved seed for their own use; however, many of them changed finger milletseeds lots or varieties regularly for their particular plot. Ears selection during harvest by setcriteria for seed purpose was the common practice. Farmers stored finger millet seed carefully insmall locally available containers and tried their best to maintain the quality of seed duringdifferent stage of seed production. Taro has diverse planting materials: cormels, corms witheyes, suckers and corm with small cormels. Taro planting materials management is totallyinformal and almost 89% farmers saved these materials for their use and replaced them mostlyafter 3 years. Farmers had fixed criteria of corms and cormels selection for planting purpose andfocus and more on disease free. Storage of planting materials was locally by using localmaterials and methods. Understanding of seed system in various crops helps to developconservation strategy.Key words: Seed flow; seed production; seed selection; seed storage; seed systemDOI: 10.3126/narj.v6i0.3343Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.6 2005 pp.39-48

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