Decreasing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase activity reduces plant growth and tolerance to chilling stress in tomato seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingbing Cai ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Fengjiao Liu ◽  
Huangai Bi ◽  
Xizhen Ai
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Aldolase Activity ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

scholarly journals An R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor RmMYB108 Responds to Chilling Stress of Rosa multiflora and Conferred Cold Tolerance of Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Dong ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Wuhua Zhang ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Rosa Multiflora ◽  
R2r3 Myb

A sudden cooling in the early spring or late autumn negatively impacts the plant growth and development. Although a number of studies have characterized the role of the transcription factors (TFs) of plant R2R3-myeloblastosis (R2R3-MYB) in response to biotic and abiotic stress, plant growth, and primary and specific metabolisms, much less is known about their role in Rosa multiflora under chilling stress. In the present study, RmMYB108, which encodes a nuclear-localized R2R3-MYB TF with a self-activation activity, was identified based on the earlier published RNA-seq data of R. multiflora plants exposed to short-term low-temperature stress and also on the results of prediction of the gene function referring Arabidopsis. The RmMYB108 gene was induced by stress due to chilling, salt, and drought and was expressed in higher levels in the roots than in the leaves. The heterologous expression of RmMYB108 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to freezing, water deficit, and high salinity, enabling higher survival and growth rates, earlier flowering and silique formation, and better seed quantity and quality compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. When exposed to a continuous low-temperature stress at 4°C, transgenic Arabidopsis lines–overexpressing RmMYB108 showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, lower relative conductivity, and lower malondialdehyde content than the WT. Moreover, the initial fluorescence (Fo) and maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) changed more dramatically in the WT than in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of cold-related genes involved in the ICE1 (Inducer of CBF expression 1)-CBFs (C-repeat binding factors)-CORs (Cold regulated genes) cascade were higher in the overexpression lines than in the WT. These results suggest that RmMYB108 was positively involved in the tolerance responses when R. multiflora was exposed to challenges against cold, freeze, salt, or drought and improved the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis by reducing plant damage and promoting plant growth.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of a Vermicompost Fertilizer on Emergence and Seedling Growth of Tomato Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurdagül Şimşek Erşahin ◽  
Ali Ece ◽  
Ebru Karnez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Vermicompost products have gained a great importance in plant nutrition over the years. They are reported to have plant growth promoting effects both in horticulture and field crops. The nutritional value and chemical properties of vermicomposts highly depend on the feedstock used in their production. The aim of this study was to evaluate vermicompost manure, derived from the mixture of cattle manure and kitchen scraps, on seed germination and growth of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon lycopersicum Mill.). Four solid vermicompost amendment rates of 0, 10, 20, and 30% were applied in plastic trays. Vermicompost application delayed and reduced seed emergence in all application rates, while in general, vermicompost substitution promoted growth tomato seedlings up to 20% of application rate. The results showed that vermicompost substitutions greater than 20% had adverse effects on seedling emergence and seedling growth parameters, which was attributed to high EC of vermicompost induced by cattle manure. Results suggest that both physical and chemical properties of the feedstock used for vermicompost production should be taken into consideration in order to sustain high vermicompost quality to ensure targeted plant growth for horticultural and agricultural purposes.

scholarly journals Tomato Early Seedling Height Control Using a Paclobutrazol Seed Soak

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 768-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Brigard ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Brian S. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Early Seedling

Tomato seedling hypocotyls elongate rapidly after germination resulting in weak seedlings. The effects of 0, 250, 500, 750, or 1000 mg paclobutrazol (PB)/L seed soak and soaking times from 1 to 12 hours on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed germination, seedling growth, and plant growth were tested. Adequate height control was obtained with 250 mg PB/L while soaking time did not affect seedling growth. In a second experiment, PB was tested at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg PB/L soaking the seed for 1 hour. A concentration of PB at 100 mg·L–1 provided optimum control of hypocotyl elongation with minimal residual effect on subsequent plant growth. In a third experiment, seed soaked at the different PB concentrations were germinated and grown under light intensities of 0.09, 50, 70, or 120 μmol·m–2·s–1. Seedlings grown under 0.09 μmol·m–2·s–1 were not affected by PB treatment and did not develop an epicotyl. PB seed soak treatment gave greater growth suppression under 50 μmol·m-2·s-1 than under the two higher light levels. Soaking tomato seeds in 100 mg PB/L for 1 hour prevented early hypocotyl stretch of tomato seedlings with no long term effects on plant growth. This treatment effectively prevented excessive hypocotyl elongation when seeds were germinated under low PAR while not over controlling elongation under high PAR conditions.

scholarly journals Acclimation with humic acids enhances maize and tomato tolerance to salinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Costa Souza ◽  
Daniel Basílio Zandonadi ◽  
Mirella Pupo Santos ◽  
Natália Oliveira Aguiar Canellas ◽  
Cleiton de Paula Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Ion Balance ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

Abstract Background Salinity is one of the major environmental threats to agriculture, limiting plant growth and reducing crop yield. The use of humic substances to alleviate salt stress in plants is well reported, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This work aimed to apply humic acids on seedlings to acclimate plants to tolerate further salt stress exposition as a pre-treatment. Materials and methods Two independent experiments with mono (maize) and dicot (tomato) seedlings were carried out. Maize was primed by humic acids (4 mM C) and further submitted to moderate salinity exposition (60 mM NaCl). The acclimation period of maize seedlings was characterized by ion balance and transcriptomic analysis of salt response genes. The tomato seedlings were also primed by humic acids (4 mM C) and exposed further to salinity (200 mM NaCl), and we measured only physiological aspect, including the activity of plasma membrane proton pumps and net photosynthesis rate. Results Seedlings primed by humic acids minimized the salinity stress by changing ion balance, promoting plasma membrane proton pumps activity and enhancing photosynthesis rate and plant growth. We showed for the first time that maize seedlings treated with humic acids had a high transcription level of salt responsive genes and transcription factors even before the salt exposition. Conclusion Humic acids previously activate cellular and molecular salt defence machinery, anticipating the response and reducing salinity stress. This is a key knowledge to manipulate manufactured biostimulants based on humic substances towards a maximized crop protection. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Regulation of chloroplast fructose‐ 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase activity due to methylation of Lys‐391 by Rubisco Ps LSMT

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Magnani ◽  
Lynnette M.A. Dirk ◽  
Mitra Mazarei ◽  
Robert L. Houtz
Keyword(s):  
Aldolase Activity ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

scholarly journals Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase activity is essential for synthesis of alginate from glucose by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1985 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 458-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Banerjee ◽  
R I Vanags ◽  
A M Chakrabarty ◽  
P K Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aldolase Activity ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

scholarly journals The Combined Conditions of Photoperiod, Light Intensity, and Air Temperature Control the Growth and Development of Tomato and Red Pepper Seedlings in a Closed Transplant Production System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9939
Author(s):  
Hyunseung Hwang ◽  
Sewoong An ◽  
Minh Duy Pham ◽  
Meiyan Cui ◽  
Changhoo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Air Temperatures

Understanding environmental factors is essential to maximizing the biomass production of plants. There have been many studies on the effects of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), photoperiod and air temperature as separate factors affecting plants, including under a closed transplant production system (CTPS). However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of these factors on plant growth. Germinated tomato and red pepper seedlings were transferred to three different photoperiods with five different photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPFs) at an air temperature of 25/20 °C to investigate plant growth under a different daily light integral (DLI). Three different air temperatures, 23/20, 25/20, and 27/20 °C (photo/dark periods), with five different PPFs were used to examine plant growth under different DIFs (difference between the day and night temperature). Increasing the DLI from 4.32 to 21.60 mol·m−2·d−1, either by increasing the photoperiod or PPF, improved the growth of seedlings in both cultivars. However, when comparing treatments that provided the same DLI, tomato seedlings had s significantly higher growth when grown under longer photoperiods and s lower PPF. Even in higher DLI conditions, reduced growth due to higher PPF indicated that excessive light energy was a limiting factor. At 23 and 25 °C, tomato seedlings showed similar correlation curves between growth and PPF. However, at the higher temperature of 27 °C, while the slope of the curve at low PPFs was similar to that of the curves at lower temperatures, the slope at high PPFs was flatter. On the other hand, red pepper seedlings displayed the same correlation curve between growth and PPF at all tested temperatures, and red pepper plants accumulated more dry weight even at higher temperatures. These results suggested that the combination effect was more useful to observe these overall tendencies, especially in reacting to a second factor. This will provide us with more information and a deeper understanding of plant characteristics and how they will behave under changing environments.

scholarly journals Exogenous Melatonin Counteracts NaCl-Induced Damage by Regulating the Antioxidant System, Proline and Carbohydrates Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzer Siddiqui ◽  
Saud Alamri ◽  
Mutahhar Al-Khaishany ◽  
M. Khan ◽  
Abdullah Al-Amri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

Melatonin, a natural agent, has multiple functions in animals as well as in plants. However, its possible roles in plants under abiotic stress are not clear. Nowadays, soil salinity is a major threat to global agriculture because a high soil salt content causes multiple stresses (hyperosmotic, ionic, and oxidative). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore: (1) the involvement of melatonin in biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and in regulation of photosynthetic enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase (CA) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco); (2) the role of melatonin in osmoregulation by proline and carbohydrate metabolism; and (3) the function of melatonin in the antioxidant defense system under salinity. Outcomes of the study reveal that under non-saline conditions, application of melatonin (20 and 50 µM) improved plant growth, viz. shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight (FW), root FW, shoot dry weight (DW), root DW and leaf area and physio-biochemical parameters [chlorophyll (Chl) a and b, proline (Pro) and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) content, and increased the activity of CA and Rubisco]. However, tomato seedlings treated with NaCl exhibited enhanced Chl degradation, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; superoxide and hydrogen peroxide). ROS were detected in leaf and root. Interestingly, application of melatonin improved plant growth and reduced EL, MDA and ROS levels through upregulation of photosynthesis enzymes (CA, Rubisco), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate reductase) and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants [ascorbate (ASC) and reduced glutathione (GSH)], as well as by affecting the ASC—GSH cycle. Additionally, exogenous melatonin also improved osmoregulation by increasing the content of TSC, Pro and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity. These results suggest that melatonin has beneficial effects on tomato seedlings growth under both stress and non-stress conditions. Melatonin’s role in tolerance to salt stress may be associated with the regulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, the antioxidant system, metabolism of proline and carbohydrate, and the ASC—GSH cycle. Also, melatonin could be responsible for maintaining the high ratios of GSH/GSSG and ASC/DHA.

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