scholarly journals Performance of Composite Membrane for Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yuliwati ◽  
H. Porawati ◽  
Elfidiah Elfidiah ◽  
A. Melani
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Oil Wastewater

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes were prepared via phase inversion method by dispersing titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the dope solution. It is aimed to study the effects of TiO2 on the membrane surface properties and thus its separation performance. The PVDF membranes modified by various TiO2 contents were characterized with respect to cross-sectional structure, average pore size, effective porosity, hydrophilicity, permeability and rejection. Maximum values of membrane hydrophilicity, membrane porosity and average pore size were achieved upon addition of 1.95% TiO2. It is found that changes in the membrane surface properties are closely corresponded with the membrane fouling. The maximum flux and rejection of organic pollutants from palm oil wastewater were recorded at 82.5 L/m2 h and 98.8 %, respectively using PVDF composite membrane incorporated with 1.95% TiO2.

Preparation and Characterization of Al2O3/TiO2/PVDF Polymer Composites Ultrafiltration Membrane

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 865-870
Author(s):  
Sun Hong ◽  
Song Hua ◽  
Lu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Nanometer Particles

The polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were modified by blending with nanometer particles to improve its hydrophilic property and anti-fouling performances in the process of waste water treatment. The organic macromolecule composite ultrafiltration (UF) membranes modified by the inorganic nanometer TiO2 and Al2O3 were prepared by a phase inversion process. The composite membranes performances, such as water flux, mechanical strength, water contact angle, retention rate, pores size and pores size distribution, were compared to those of organic membranes. The surface and sectional structures of membranes were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results show that the composite membrane water fluxes increases 79.5% than that of organic membrane with 3% nanometer particles addition and the proportion of TiO2 and Al2O3 is 1:1. The composite membrane average pore size is larger than that of organic membrane and the pore size distribution is more uniform. The composite UF membrane has not only maintained PVDF membrane’s favorable performances but also improved its permeation performance, intensity, hydrophilic and anti-fouling performances.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Bentonite–Silica Sand/Suspended Waste Palm Leaf Composite Membrane for Water Purification

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Saad A. Aljlil
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Water Contact

In this study, a method for fabricating tubular ceramic membranes via extrusion using economical and locally available bentonite–silica sand and waste palm leaves was developed as a tool for conducting the necessary task of purifying water polluted with oil and suspended solid materials produced via various industrial processes. The developed tubular ceramic membranes were found to be highly efficient at separating the pollutants from water. The properties of the fabricated membrane were evaluated via mechanical testing, pore size distribution analysis, and contact angle measurements. The water contact angle of the fabricated membrane was determined to be 55.5°, which indicates that the membrane surface is hydrophilic, and the average pore size was found to be 66 nm. The membrane was found to demonstrate excellent corrosion resistance under acidic as well as basic conditions, with weight losses of less than 1% in each case. The membrane surface was found to be negatively charged and it could strongly repulse the negatively charged fine bentonite particles and oil droplets suspended in the water, thereby enabling facile purification through backwashing. The obtained ceramic membranes with desirable hydrophilic properties can thus serve as good candidates for use in ultrafiltration processes.

Polystyrene/MWCNTs Nanofiber Membranes characterizations in Reducing Sulfur Content in Crude Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Oleiwi ◽  
Akram R. Jabur ◽  
Qusay F. Alsalhy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Composite material membranes as fibers were produced by using electrospinning technology and these membranes characterized and evaluated their properties and performance in this research. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes impregnated in a polystyrene matrix to produce the composite membranes. The hydrophobicity of the membrane was improved by the composite concept with multi-walled carbon nanotubes because of the migration of MWCNTs into fiber structure with membranes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy used to study the morphologies of the membranes and illustrated the average diameters of produced fibers which found about 1.68-3.2 µm and average pore size which found about 3.6 – 4.7 µm for composite membranes and showed an increasing in fibers diameter and pore size with increasing of the MWCNTs amount while the membranes porosity still high percentage about 98%. Also the polystyrene with MWCNTs showed the ability of membranes to decrease the sulfur content from 2.8% for crude oil and reach to about 1.6 % with polystyrene/2% MWCNTs.

scholarly journals Study of Ceramic Membrane from Naturally Occurring-Kaolin Clays for Microfiltration Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Bouzid Rekik ◽  
Jamel Bouaziz ◽  
Andre Deratani ◽  
Semia Beklouti
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Kaolin Clays

The focus of this work is to assess the quality of porous membranes prepared from naturally occurring kaolin clays and to evaluate the performance of tubular ceramic membranes treating integrated raw effluents from seafood industry. This material has been chosen due to its natural abundance, its non-toxicity, low cost and its valuable properties. The preparation and characterization of porous tubular ceramic membranes, using kaolin powder with and without corn starch as poreforming agent, were reported. SEM photographs indicated that the membrane surface was homogeneous. The effects of material compositions, additives and the relatively lower sintering temperature, ranging from 1100° to 1250°C, on porosity, average pore size, pore-size distribution and mechanical strength of membranes have been investigated. A correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties of membranes has been discussed. The performance of the novel ceramic membranes thus obtained was determined by evaluating both the water permeability and rejection. The obtained membrane was used to treat cuttlefish effluents generated from the conditioning seawater product industry which consumes a great amount of water. Cross-flow microfiltration was performed then, in order to reduce the turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). 

Investigation Into the Crossflow Microfiltration Process Utilizing Ceramic Membrane Applied to Bacteria Reduction and Clarifying of Ac¸ai Juice

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Natsumi Haneda ◽  
Se´rgio Rodriques Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Crossflow Microfiltration

This paper reports the results of the crossflow microfiltration process applied to the reduction of bacteria and retention of particles in suspension of ac¸ai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) juice. A commercial membrane of α-alumina (Al2O3) in the form of a tube with 1.2μm of average pore size was utilized to investigate the reduction of the bacteria of ac¸ai juice without using high temperatures (pasteurization). This pore size of the ceramic structure was utilized in an attempt to reduce the polarization phenomenon and improve the permeate flux without utilizing the usual enzymatic treatment made in the microfiltration processes that utilize polymeric membrane (Cianci et al., 2005 and Ushikubo et al., 2006). An anthocyanin concentration was also observed during the microfiltration process followed by suspended particles retention as an indicator of ac¸ai juice clarifying. The Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) was utilized as an essential tool to characterize the morphology of the ceramic micro porous structure and to evaluate the formation of a polarization layer on the membrane surface, while the Optical Microscopy was used to analyze the difference in the characteristics between samples of concentrate and permeate.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Oxygen Concentration on the Properties of TiO2/Ti Composite Membranes Prepared by In Situ Oxidation

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Dongqiang Zhang ◽  
Na Su ◽  
Yingwen Ma ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Hongwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Oxidation Time ◽  
Oxidation Temperature ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
In Situ Oxidation ◽  
Preparation Conditions

TiO2 membranes were prepared on porous Ti supports through the in situ oxidation method. The effects of oxygen concentration, oxidation temperature, and oxidation time on the thickness, pore size, and microstructure of the prepared TiO2 membrane were investigated. The results showed that with increasing oxygen concentration, oxidation temperature, and oxidation time, the thickness of the prepared TiO2 membrane gradually increased, and the pore diameter gradually decreased. The optimum preparation conditions were—oxygen concentration was N2:O2 = 2:1, oxidation temperature was 800 ℃, and oxidation time was 60 min. The prepared TiO2/Ti composite membranes had a flat and smooth surface, uniform thickness, and only a rutile TiO2 characteristic peak formed on the surface of the membrane. The prepared TiO2/Ti composite membrane had a narrow pore size distribution, and the average pore size was about 0.312 μm. In addition, the prepared TiO2/Ti composite membranes showed an excellent stability.

Influence of Hydrophilic Polymer on Proteins Separation, Molecular Weight Cut-off (MWCO) and Average Pore Size of Polysulfone Blend Membrane

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmadi Ali ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus ◽  
Mohamad Awang ◽  
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Blend Membrane ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Wet Phase Inversion

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different composition of cellulose acetate phtalate (CAP) on the membrane structural properties of polysulfone (PSf) membrane which in turn affect the separation performance of PSf/CAP blend membrane. The PSf/CAP blend membranes were prepared by using casting solutions contain 17 wt% of polymer via wet phase inversion process. The results showed that increasing the composition of CAP in PSf/CAP blend membranes increased molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), average pore size and pore density which then increased protein solution permeate fluxes but reduced proteins rejection of PSf/CAP blend membranes. Pure PSf membranehas the lowest membrane structural properties compared to blend membranes. This characteristic contributed to decrease in protein permeation flux and increase proteins rejection. 

Phase Transformation of Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 Composite Membranes

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ping Wang ◽  
Xiu Shu Tian ◽  
Shu Xian Liu ◽  
Wei Hua Wu ◽  
Zhuan Hong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Phase Transformation Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Amorphous Sio2

Membrane separation process, which greatly meets the demand of reducing the environmental pollution in the modern industry, has become one of the most important strategies in the durative low carbon economy development.. This paper has studied the transformation structure mechanism of of Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 composite membrane produced by the sol-gel method on a porous α-Al2O3 support and the effects of SiO2 and ZrO2 in γ-Al2O3 membrane. Porous Al2O3-SiO2-ZrO2 composite membrane of the average pore size 2~4µm was obtained first time through controlling various factors, The structure crystal type and surface state are characterized by means of optical microscope, XRD, SEM, and IR. The results show that the membrane calcined at 1000°C obtain a composition of γ-Al2O3, t-ZrO2 and amorphous SiO2. The phase transformation has not appeared when heated at 1200°C. As the thermostability of the modified membrane being improved, the phase transformation temperature in the sintering process could be delayed. Therefore, the membranes properties are greatly improved.

scholarly journals Colour reduction of biodiesel from crude palm oil by using activated carbon prepared from chilli stem

10.29007/ps3m ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuvarat Ngernyen ◽  
Werawit Phiewruangnont ◽  
Ratchapon Anachai ◽  
Andrew Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Small Pore

This present work aims to reduce the color of biodiesel from crude palm oil through the application of activated carbon prepared from chili stem waste. Chilli stem was converted into activated carbon using 30 wt% KOH at a ratio of 1:2 for 1 h, followed by carbonization at 500 oC under an N2 atmosphere for a further hour. Physico-chemical characteristics of the raw material and activated carbon were analyzed including thermogravimetric analysis, proximate analysis, and porosities. The results demonstrated that the activated carbon was a porous material with a highly mesoporous structure (84.5%). The surface area of activated carbon was 10.6 m2/g and it exhibited an average pore diameter of 27.25 nm which was suitable for the removal of large highly colored molecules. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the reduction in color of the biodiesel. Ratios of activated carbon to biodiesel of 0.002 and 0.1 w/v were used in the study. For comparison, the adsorption was also tested against a commercial activated carbon with a surface area of 1,130 m2/g, but lower average pore size of 3.72 nm. The chili stem activated carbon can reduce color by approximately 15% within 24 h and the maximum color reduction was 95% after 96 h for both activated carbon to biodiesel ratios. The color of biodiesel changes from dark red to yellow and eventually resulted in a pale yellow color with longer adsorption times and was deemed more attractive for use. Moreover, commercial activated carbon with its small pore size could not reduce the color, with a maximum reduction of only 3%.

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