Separation of Xylose From Glucose Using Thin Film Composite (TFC) Nanofiltration Membrane: Effect of Pressure, Total Sugar Concentration and Xylose/Glucose Ratio

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Mah ◽  
H. W. Yussof ◽  
N. A. Jalanni ◽  
M. N. Abu Seman ◽  
N. Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Mycelial Fungi ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Glucose Ratio ◽  
Total Sugar Concentration

Xylose is an abundant raw material coexists with other sugars that can be turned into useful products, such as ethanol, xylitol and 2, 3-butanediol by microorganism such as yeasts, bacteria, and mycelial fungi. However, more than 80 % of the production cost of these products comes solely from the production of xylose. Presently, the separation of xylose from hemicellulose hydrolysate relies on chromatographic separation alone. The use of nanofiltration membrane may offer alternative in recovering xylose due to the differences in size compared to other sugars. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of membrane developed by interfacial polymerization reaction between triethanolamine (TEOA) (6 % w/v) and tri-mesoyl chloride (TMC) (0.15 % w/v) as monomers on polyethersulfone (PES) microporous substrate to separate xylose from glucose. In this study, factors affecting the process, namely pressure, concentration of total sugars in solution, and composition of monosaccharides in total sugar, were investigated using two-level factorial analysis. The experiment was performed using Amicon Milipore stirred cell (Model 8200) with constant stirring speed at 300 rpm and temperature at ambient. The glucose and xylose concentration was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is found that the developed nanofiltration membrane has the ability to separate xylose from glucose.The analysis of the experimental response revealed that the total sugar concentration and composition ratio of xylose: glucose had significant interactive effect on xylose separation factor. Overall from the present study, it can be concluded that nanofiltration has high potential to replace currently in use chromatographic method in xylose separation.

Nectar collected with microcapillary tubes is less concentrated than total nectar in flowers with small nectar volumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Petit ◽  
Nadia Rubbo ◽  
Russell Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar Concentration ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
Feeding Behaviours

Previous research indicated that microcapillary tubes greatly underestimated sugar present in flowers with low nectar volumes, but it was unclear whether tubes missed liquid nectar or whether sugar concentration in nectar they collected did not represent total sugar concentration in a flower. We determined the suitability of microcapillary tubes to estimate the energetic value of Acrotriche patula R.Br. (Ericaceae) nectar from total sugar mass. We collected a standing crop of nectar from individual flowers with microcapillary tubes and subsequently washed the flowers to recover putatively any residual sucrose, glucose, and fructose. We assessed microcapillary nectar volume as a predictor for total sugar mass in a flower by regression analysis, identified the percentage of sugar missed by microcapillary tubes, and compared sugar ratios between microcapillary samples and total nectar. Nectar volume collected with microcapillary tubes cannot be used to predict total nectar sugar contents in a flower. Microcapillary tubes missed 71% of the floral sugar on average, but not a large volume, indicating that sugar is not evenly distributed in a flower’s nectar. Proportions of different sugars did not differ significantly between microcapillary samples and total samples. Animals with different tongue morphologies and feeding behaviours may obtain different energetic rewards from the same flower with low nectar volume. Variation in a flower’s nectar at one point in time is likely to favour the generalisation of pollination systems.

scholarly journals COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN SWEETPOTATO ROOTS DURING DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 591a-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don R. LaBonte ◽  
David H. Picha
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Total Sugar Concentration ◽  
Compositional Changes

Six sweetpotato cultivars were evaluated for changes in individual sugar concentration, dry weight, and alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) during growth and development. Measurements were taken at weekly intervals from 7 to 21 weeks after transplanting. Sucrose, the major sugar during all stages of development, generally increased in concentration throughout development for `Heart-o-gold', `Travis', and `Jewel', but peaked at 17 weeks for `Beauregard' and `Whitestar'. The high-dry matter white flesh cultivars of `Rojo Blanco' and `Whitestar' contained the lowest sucrose concentration. The monosaccharides glucose and fructose generally decreased in concentration up to 17 weeks in 4 of 6 cultivars, followed by an increase from 17 to 21 weeks in all cultivars. Glucose concentration was marginally greater than fructose at all stages of development in each cultivar. Little or no increase in total sugar concentration occurred during development in `Whitestar' and `Rojo Blanco'. A substantial increase in total sugars occurred during development with `Jewel', `Beauregard', `Heart-o-gold' and `Travis'. Cultivars differed widely in their individual sugar concentrations during development. Percent dry matter increased in all cultivars from 7 to 14 weeks. Dry matter and AIS decreased during the later stages of development.

scholarly journals Optimization of Two-Step Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for High Sugar Concentration in Hydrolysate

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxu Zhang ◽  
Yee Ling Ong ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Jin Chuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar Concentration ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Xylose Concentration

Getting high sugar concentrations in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate with reasonable yields of sugars is commercially attractive but very challenging. Two-step acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted to get high sugar concentrations in the hydrolysate. The biphasic kinetic model was used to guide the optimization of the first step dilute acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of EFB. A total sugar concentration of 83.0 g/L with a xylose concentration of 69.5 g/L and a xylose yield of 84.0% was experimentally achieved, which is in well agreement with the model predictions under optimal conditions (3% H2SO4and 1.2% H3PO4, w/v, liquid to solid ratio 3 mL/g, 130°C, and 36 min). To further increase total sugar and xylose concentrations in hydrolysate, a second step hydrolysis was performed by adding fresh EFB to the hydrolysate at 130°C for 30 min, giving a total sugar concentration of 114.4 g/L with a xylose concentration of 93.5 g/L and a xylose yield of 56.5%. To the best of our knowledge, the total sugar and xylose concentrations are the highest among those ever reported for acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lignocellulose.

scholarly journals Relationship between Sugar Content in Raw, Baked, and Microwaved Sweetpotato Roots during Storage

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 825D-825
Author(s):  
Durel J. Romaine ◽  
Don R. LaBonte
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Total Sugar Concentration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White Star

Seven compositionally diverse sweetpotato lines were examined for changes in individual sugar concentrations at harvest (green), after curing (7 days at 90% RH and 29.5C), and after 4 and 8 weeks of cold storage (16C) to determine the relationship between raw and cooked root sugar composition. Raw root sucrose concentrations at harvest in two dessert types, `L91-80' and `Heart-O-Gold', were at least 22% higher than other dessert types, such as `Beauregard' and `Jewel', and 26% higher than white starchy types (`Rojo Blanca' and `White Star'). The sucrose concentration remained correspondingly higher for these two lines when baked or microwaved. Total sugar concentration was not significantly correlated between raw vs. baked or microwaved roots. The major sugar in most baked and microwaved roots was maltose, accounting for 18% to 93% of the total sugars. `L91-80' behaved differently from other lines during microwaving, where sucrose was the major sugar. The total sugar concentration of `L91-80' and `Heart-O-Gold' were not statistically greater after baking and microwaving for all dates, including the white, starchy types. These results suggest the need to further evaluate the relative importance of individual sugar concentrations on consumer preference.

scholarly journals Study of the Physical Behavior of a New Composite Material Based on Fly Ash from the Combustion of Coal in an Ultra-Supercritical Thermal Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Mustapha El Kanzaoui ◽  
Chouaib Ennawaoui ◽  
Saleh Eladaoui ◽  
Abdelowahed Hajjaji ◽  
Abdellah Guenbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
High Performance Composite

Given the amount of industrial waste produced and collected in the world today, a recycling and recovery process is needed. The study carried out on this subject focuses on the valorization of one of these industrial wastes, namely the fly ash produced by an ultra-supercritical coal power plant. This paper describes the use and recovery of fly ash as a high percentage reinforcement for the development of a new high-performance composite material for use in various fields. The raw material, fly ash, comes from the staged combustion of coal, which occurs in the furnace of an ultra-supercritical boiler of a coal-fired power plant. Mechanical compression, thermal conductivity, and erosion tests are used to study the mechanical, thermal, and erosion behavior of this new composite material. The mineralogical and textural analyses of samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM confirmed the formation of a new composite by a polymerization reaction. The results obtained are very remarkable, with a high Young’s modulus and a criterion of insulation, which approves the presence of a potential to be exploited in the different fields of materials. In conclusion, the composite material presented in this study has great potential for building material and could represent interesting candidates for the smart city.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND RECYCLING OF VEGETATIVE POPLAR AFTER REMOVAL OF EXTRAC-TIVES. REPORT 3. OBTAINING BIOIOGICAL PRODUCTS BASED ON FUNGI OF THE GENUS TRIGHODERMA

2020 ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Isaeva ◽  
Ol'ga Olegovna Mamaeva ◽  
Tat'yana Vasil'yevna Ryazanova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mycelial Fungi ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Vegetative Part ◽  
Trichoderma Fungi ◽  
Composition Properties

The purpose of this work was to assess the suitability of solid and liquid waste generated during processing of the vegetative part of poplar as substrates for biochemical processing in order to obtain biologics for various purposes. For the study, we used post-extraction residues, as well as a cubic liquid formed after distilling essential oils and extracting alcohol-soluble substances from the vegetative part of the balsamic poplar (Populus balzamifera L.). Siberian strains of fungi of the genus Trichoderma used as a biodestructor. Studies have shown that the vegetative part of poplar and its individual elements are an available substrate for the growth of mycelial fungi. The high yield of spores (4.5×109 spor/g) and the formation of humic substances (11%) used as plant growth stimulators during solid-phase cultivation of the MG-97 strain of Trichoderma fungi gives grounds to use the vegetative part of poplar as a technological raw material for obtaining a biological product of the "Trichodermin" type or soil humification. Depending on the purpose of the preparations, the duration of cultivation can vary: for obtaining agricultural biologics up to 15 days, more – for soil humification. The inclusion of a cubic liquid at the stage of substrate humidification allows to obtain a biological product with a higher spore titer (5×109 spor/g), makes it possible to close the water consumption cycle and make the technology of processing the vegetative part of poplar waste-free.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional fractal nanocrystals templating for substantial performance enhancement of polyamide nanofiltration membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (37) ◽  
pp. e2019891118
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
Yuzhang Zhu ◽  
Zhenyi Wang ◽  
Wangxi Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Templating Method

In this study, we report the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) branching fractal structures (BFS) in the nanoconfinement between the active and the support layer of a thin-film-composite polyamide (TFC-PA) nanofiltration membrane. These BFS are crystal dendrites of NaCl formed when salts are either added to the piperazine solution during the interfacial polymerization process or introduced to the nascently formed TFC-PA membrane before drying. The NaCl dosing concentration and the curing temperature have an impact on the size of the BFS but not on the fractal dimension (∼1.76). The BFS can be removed from the TFC-PA membranes by simply dissolving the crystal dendrites in deionized water, and the resulting TFC-PA membranes have substantially higher water fluxes (three- to fourfold) without compromised solute rejection. The flux enhancement is believed to be attributable to the distributed reduction in physical binding between the PA active layer and the support layer, caused by the exertion of crystallization pressure when the BFS formed. This reduced physical binding leads to an increase in the effective area for water transport, which, in turn, results in higher water flux. The BFS-templating method, which includes the interesting characteristics of 2D crystal dendrites, represents a facile, low-cost, and highly practical method of enhancing the performance of the TFC-PA nanofiltration membrane without having to alter the existing infrastructure of membrane fabrication.

scholarly journals Modification of polyamide TFC nanofiltration membrane for improving separation and antifouling properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 15102-15110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Fen Liu ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Yan-Li Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Aromatic Polyamide ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Antifouling Property ◽  
Dye Rejection ◽  
Polymerization Method

TMAAM, a new dendrimer, was used to modify the conventional aromatic polyamide NF membrane via interfacial polymerization method, and the result TMAAM-based semi-aromatic polyamide NF membrane strong dye rejection, favourable antifouling property and good stability.

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